OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of different kinds of hypoglycemic drugs on the QT interval dispersion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: The differences of QT interval dispersion (QTd) and corrected QT interval dispersion (QTcd) in 318 patients with type 2 diabetes (of which, 129 were assigned to receive insulin, 110 glibenclamide and 79 metformin) and 33 healthy volunteers (normal control) were compared. RESULTS: The QTd and QTcd were all significantly higher in glibenclamide group than in the other three groups(P0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that glibenclamide and insulin may increase the QTd and QTcd in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective To compare the 2 methods of the flow cytometry and the microcolumn gel agglutination assay for testing anti-ABO Ig G antibody.Methods The flow cytometry and the microcolumn gel agglutination assay were adopted to detect the an-ti-ABO IgG antibody in the O blood type pregnant women(experimental group)and the A/B blood type pregnant women (control group).The difference in the positive rates between the experimental and control groups and the correlation between these two methods were analysed.The different titers of samples were selected for detection on different days to compare their reproducibili-ty.Results 300 samples from the experimental goup and 300 samples from the control group were collected.The detection results of 2 methods showed that the positive rates of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group with statistical difference(P <0.05).The correlation coefficients(rs )between these two methods were 0.694.The coefficient of variation in the flow cytometry was smaller than that in the microcolumn gel agglutination assay(P <0.05).Conclusion ABO blood type in-compatibility is more common in O type pregnant women.The flow cytometry and the microcolumn gel agglutination assay possess good correlation.The reproducibility of the flow cytometry is better than that of microcolumn gel agglutination assay.

Objective To analyze the detection rate of HBV serological makers in non-hepatic inpatients in the past six years. Methods Serum samples of 70 582 non-hepatic inpatients from three large hospitals were collected during 2003 to 2008. Serological markers of HBV ( HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, antiHBe and anti-HBc) were detected by the AxSYM MEIA system (Abbott Laboratories,Abbott Park,IL).Combining the test results of serological makers with other clinical data, several analysis models for this retrospective study were set up to evaluate the year-to-year changes in serological makers and the detection rates of each model. Results The order from high to low of detection rate of the 5 HBV serological markers was anti-HBc (55. 17% ), anti-HBs (49. 57% ), anti-HBe (28.42%), HBsAg ( 8. 92% ) and HBeAg (2. 12% ), and all of them had a downward trend in the past six years. The positive rate of HBsAg went down from 9. 30% (2003) to 8.70% (2008). The positive rate of HBsAg among people who were born after 1992 (2. 28% ) were significantly lower than that of the overall population (8. 92% ) and fell from 3.57%(2003) to 1.85% (2008). Each detection rate of all serological makers had male sexual side effect [HBsAg ( 12. 38%/7. 25% ), HBeAg ( 2. 72%/1.58% ), anti-HBc ( 56. 57%/53.43% ), anti-HBe (41.50%/28. 35% ) and anti-HBs (65.48%/50. 00% ), male/female]. The differences were statistically significant (Chi-square values of HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBe and anti-HBs were 509.74,105.78, 69.66, 1 321.61 and 1 726.91, respectively; all P ＜ 0. 01).Twenty-six models of HBV serological makers from 70 582 inpatients were summed up, and 8 models had positive rates geater than or equal to 1%. The "All Negative" model ranked No. 1 and had no significant change from year to year. During the past six years, models representing "A11 Negative" and "anti-HBs Positive alone" were mainly in individuals younger than or equal to 20-year-old, while the models representing "anti-HBc and/or anti-HBe,anti-HBs Positive" were mostly in people older than 20-year-old. The distribution curve of models representing "HBsAg, HbeAg and anti-HBc Positive" and "HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBe Positive"etc. showed a bell-shape, covering the population from 20-year-old to 70-year-old. Conclusions The slowlydescending tendency of the detection rates of HBV serological makers was observed during the past six years.The detection rates of HBV in the younger generation decreased significantly. However, the HBV infection rates of overall population is still high, so it is a high time that we made continuous improvement for the serum HBV screening technique in order to reduce the HBV infection ratess.

The decoy receptor-3 ( DcR3 ) and glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 ( GAD65 ) recombinant adenovirus was construced and transduced into denlritic cells (DC). After the transduced DC were utilized to immunize NOD mice,the CD+8 T cells and blood glucose were analyzed. The results showed that recombinant adenovirus inhibited the proliferation and cytokine release of GAD65 specific T cells,and delayed the incidence of diabetes.Both interferon-γ[ (50.5±7.2)vs(95.4±6.9) and(91.2±6.5) pg/ml] and interleukin-2 [ (46.3±5.1 )vs ( 86.1 ±5.2 ) and ( 80.3 ± 7.3 ) pg/ml ] were decreased compared to those in negative and blank controls ( all P＜0.05 ).The results suggest that DcR3 and GAD65 recombinant adenovirus might provide a promising way for gene therapy of type 1 diabetes.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.24.010

Objective To study the effect of propofol intravenous anesthesia on T helper cells of patients with primary liver cancer during perioperative period.Methods A total of 86 patients with primary liver cancer in our hospital from November 2014 to October 2015 were selected,who were divided into observation group and control group according to the method of random numbers,43 cases in each group.The observation group were taken propofol intravenous anesthesia,and the control group were treated with sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia.The Th1 cells percentage,Th2 cells percentage and the ratio changes of the Th1/Th2 cells of two groups before anesthesia and postoperative 1 day were compared.The plasma cortisol levels of two groups before anesthesia,after anesthesia,intraoperative and 1 day after operation were observed.Results The percentage of Th2 cells in observation group and control group 1 day after surgery had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The percentage of Th1 cells and Th1/Th2 cells ratio of the observation group were higher than those of the control group [(16.32 ± 1.76) ％ vs.(14.16 ± 1.03),(8.48 ± 0.92) vs.(7.11 ± 0.72)],the differences were significant (P ＜ 0.05).The plasma cortisol levels of observation group during operation and 1 day after operation were lower than those of the control group[(12.34 ± 1.02) μg/dL vs.(16.13 ± 1.26) μg/dL,(12.01 ± 0.94) μg/dL vs.(15.25 ± 1.08) μg/dL],the differences were significant(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The propofol intravenous anesthesia can encourage more Th to differentiate into Th1 cells,which plays a protective role in the patient's immune function.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of calcitonin(CT) in glutamate release from primary cultured neurons of midbrain periaqueductal gray matter(PAG).Methods Primary dissociated culture of PAG neurons was prepared from neonatal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.The cultured cells were divided into 4 groups:control group,salmon calcitonin (sCT) group,CT antagonist group (sCT8-32),and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor chelerythrine(Che) group.Each group was further divided into subgroups representing low,middle,and high levels of drugs.Glutamate release from the cultured PAG neurons evoked by sCT and/or other interfering factors was detected by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay.Results (1) Compared with the control group,sCT group yielded a time-dependent and concentration-dependent glutamate release from the cultured PAG neurons,and the most effective concentration of sCT was 20 nmol/L(P＜0.01).(2) sCT8-32,a selective antagonist of CT receptor,significantly reversed the effect of 20 nmol/L sCT on glutamate release from cultured PAG neurons,and the most effective concentration was 100nmol/L sCT8-32 (P＜0.01).(3) Incubation of the cultured neurons with Che inhibited the glutamate release from cultured PAG neurons evoked by 20 nmol/L sCT,and 100 μmol/L Che was most effective(P＜0.01).Conclusion CT receptors participates in the glutamate release from PAG neurons in which intracellular protein kinase C signaling pathway is involved.

Objective To investigate the analgesic effect of salmon calcitonin(sCT)and its effect on expression of calcitonin receptor(CT-R)in periaqueductal gray(PAG). Methods Rat models of neuropathic pain were prepared by chronic constriction injury(CCI). Thermal withdrawal latency(TWL)and mechanical nociceptive threshold(MNT)were measured using hot plate test and yon Frey monofilaments test. The distribution of CT-R in PAG was detected by immunohistochemical method. CT-R protein was quantitatively determined by western blotting. Fourty male SD rats were randomized into 5 groups: normal group, sham-CCI group, CCI group, CCI plussubcutaneous sCT group, and CCI plus microinjection of sCT into PAG group. Results TWL, MNT, andexpression of CT-R in PAG showed no difference between normal group and sham-CCI group(P＞0. 05). TWL and MNT in CCI group were significantly lower than those in normal group(P＜0.05), and expression of CT-R in CCI group was significantly higher than that in normal group(P＜0.05). TWL, MNT and expression of CT-R in CCI rats increased significantly after sCT therapy(P＜0. 05), and the effect was more marked in PAG injection group than subcutaneous injection group(P＜0.05). Conclusions sCT raises the pain threshold and increase the expression of CT-R in PAG of CCI rats, while PAG injection showed more marked effect than subcutaneous injection.

Objective To evaluate the effect of Critical Incident Reporting System on the quality of clinical anesthesia.Methods Anesthesia-related critical incidents happened in the perioperative period were reported in voluntary,anonymous,no punishment and confidential manners.The data was collected,classified and documented by assigned professionals on a regular basis from September 2012 to August 2016.The critical incidents were retrospectively analyzed after the risk was assessed.The 4-year reporting rate was collected.The risk of critical incidents was assessed using severity and probability analysis,and the critical incidents-inducing risk factors were analyzed.Results The 4-year reporting rate of critical incidents was 0.551％.From 1st to 4th year,the reporting rates were 0.729％,0.598％,0.819％ and 0.368％,respectively,and the incidence of injury incidents was 0.112％,0.106％,0.133％ and 0.031％,respectively.The reporting rate of critical incidents and incidence and reporting rate of the injury incidents showed a decreasing trend for 1st and 2nd year,significantly increased for 3rd year and decreased for 4th year (P＜0.05).The first three critical incident categories were equipment use and respiratory system-and workflowrelated incidents.Patient injury during surgery was considered an extremely high risk incident;the factor of the medical staff in the department of anesthesiology is the first critical incidents-inducing risk factor.Conclusion Critical Incident Reporting System can discover and correct the system-related risk and the inducing factors in the department of anesthesiology and is an effective method of improving the service quality of clinical anesthesia.