Objective: Try to get the information about the civil will of donation of cadaver in Wuhan. Method: Make stochastic visit to the dwellers in Wuchang district of Wuhan and then study the statistical data. Content: Legal system, sensibility, traditional ideas and public opinions etc. Result: The most notable factors are legal system and sensibility. Conclusion: In order to implement the new law,we should strengthen the dissemination of donation of cadaver.

BACKGROUND: The deficiency of perfect animal femoral head necrosis model limited its further investigation. OBJECTIVE: To verify the feasibility of establishing rabbit femoral head necrosis models using liquid nitrogen rsfdgeration method, and to provide a foundation for subsequent research. METHODS: A total of 20 adult, New Zealand, white rabbits were selected in the study. The round ligament of femur was not cut off and femoral head was not dislocated, and the exposed femoral head were quick frozen using cotton bud carrying liquid nitrogen for successive 25 times, with 10 s per time. The specimens were examined by gross anatomy, X-ray film, MRI and histological observation at day 3, 7 and weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8 after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The histolOgical section showed that chondrocyte, osteccyts, and myelold tissues presented necrosis in freezing and periphery at 3days after model preparation, and the repair process appeared at 2weeks after operation. The articular surface of femoral heads appeared collapse at 4 weeks after operation, and these changes became obvious at 6 weeks. The femoral head presented ostecarthdtis-like disorder, with seriously collapsed articular surface at8 weeks, and the contour of femoral head changed in 2 animals. The results demonstrated that without hip dislocation, rabbit femoral head necrosis models can be established successfully using liquid nitrogen refrigeration method. This method is simple, feesible, with high succeed rate, which can be used in subsequent research.

OBJECTIVETo explore minimally invasive surgical techniques for Gartland type III humeral supracondylar fracture in children and evaluate the outcomes of the patients.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed 62 children (43 boys and 19 girls, aged 1 year and 8 months to 13 years and 2 months, mean 6 years and 3 months) with Gartland type III humeral supracondylar fracture treated in our department from July, 2011 to September, 2013, including 42 with extension-ulnar type humeral supracondylar fracture and 20 with deviation-ulnar type. The injury to operation time ranged from 6 to 48 h with a mean of 13.5 h. Close reduction and percutaneous pinning internal fixation was performed by a single surgeon in all cases with plaster cast fixation for 3 to 4 weeks. The patients were followed up regularly and Flynn elbow scoring criteria was used to evaluate the outcomes.

RESULTSThe mean operation time was 26.8 ± 15.6 min with a mean intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency of 9.2 ± 2.6 and a mean follow-up for 16.5 months (6 to 30 months). Clinical healing was achieved in 3 to 4 weeks without fracture displacement after removal of the internal fixation, and active and passive functional exercise was initiated. According to the Flynn elbow scoring criteria, excellent outcome was achieved in 53 (85%) cases at 3 months in 62 (100%) cases at 6 months after the surgery. No such complications as osteofascial compartment syndrome or vascular injuries occurred in these patients. Three children had alnar nerve injury symptoms after the operation but all recovered in 3 months.

CONCLUSIONThe minimally invasive method with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning internal fixation is feasible for treatment of Gartland type III humerus condyle fracture in children. This approach involves relatively simple operation with shorter operation time, minimal trauma, and less complications after operation, and promotes early functional recovery of the elbow joint.

Adolescent ; Casts, Surgical ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; surgery ; Humerus ; surgery ; Infant ; Male ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To study the preliminary effect of combining ligament advanced reinforcement system (LARS) and semi-joint replacement for malignant tumor around the knee in children.Methods 9 cases of malignant tumor around the knee (5 boys and 4 girls) from February 2015 to May 2017 were analyzed respectively.The average age was 9.2 years old (ranged from 5 to 12 years).The follow-up time was 6 to 28 months,with an average of 13.5 months.The preoperational biopsy diagnosis respectively were Ewing sarcoma (3 cases) and osteosarcoma (6 cases).According to Enneking staging system,all 9 cases were staged as ⅡB.The planned courses of standardized preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy were successfully given to all patients on time.All patients were given tumor extensive resection and modular prosthesis replacement.Suitable length prosthesis were prepared according to CT and MRI.LARS were annularly bundled to the prosthesis.Then residual patella ligaments,cruciate ligaments,collateral ligaments,capsules and muscles were tightly sutured to LARS.Adjuvant chemotherapy and functional exercise were given after operation.Bone healing,limb discrepancy,and complications were regularly recorded.Functional outcomes were assessed by the system of the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) and the range of motion (ROM) of both knee joints.Results All patients successfully received standardized chemotherapy.In all courses of chemotherapy,bone marrow all restored.No other major complications occurred during chemotherapy.Primary healing of incisions were obtained.No obvious limb discrepancy.The average limb length discrepancy was 2.9±1.8 cm (0.5～6.4 cm),the femur was 1.9±1.0 cm (0.6～3.9 cm),the tibia was 0.8±0.5 cm (0.2～2.0cm).The distance between the lower limb alignment and the center of the knee was 0.3±0.1 cm (0.2～0.6 cm).MSTS score was 24.6±3.2 of the last follow-up,and 21.4± 1.9 of preoperation,the difference was statistically significant (t=2.71,P=0.03).ROM of the knee were 71.7°± 18.2° at the last follow-up,and 69.1 °± 17.9° before operation,and the difference was statistically significant (t=3.261,P=0.01).No infection,snapping knee,limp,dislocation,periprosthesis fractures,prosthetic broken or loosening.2 case had lung metastasis and still survived.NO local recurrence or other metastasis cases.Conclusion LARS combined with semijoint replacement for the treatment of malignant tumor around the knee in children have a satisfactory postoperative joint function recovery and simple surgical technique and fewer complications,and preserve the contralateral osteophytes to minimize the occurrence of limb inequality,but the long-term efficacy needs further follow-up.

BACKGROUND:The treatment for bacterial biofilms after internal fixation surgery is a very difficult problem in clinic.It is a great significance to establish an animal model of irrigation for treating bacterial biofilms in the early stage after internal fixation surgery. OBJECTIVE:To establish an animal model for treating bacterial biofilms with different drugs through irrigation in early stage after internal fixation surgery. METHODS:Six New Zealand white rabbits were selected.Bilateral femoral surfaces were exposed and drilled holes were made,and bone plates colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa(experimental group)and blank bone plates(blank control group)were implanted around the drilled holes on one side,and two drainage tubes were retained and fixed to serve as the"inlet"and"outlet,"respectively.The model was immersed for a certain period of time after simulated perfusion before rinsing.After the simulated irrigation,the plates were soaked for a certain time before washing.At 5 days postoperatively,the rabbits were observed for body temperature,wound condition,bacterial culture of drainage fluid,and crystalline violet staining and scanning electron microscopy of the bone plate. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Six rabbits had difficulty in moving the affected limbs after surgery and showed elevated body temperature at 2-4 days after surgery.Local swelling could be touched at some wounds in the experimental group,and the wounds in the blank control group healed well.The results of bacterial culture of drainage fluid showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa diffused or spread in the experimental group.At 5 days after surgery,the plate in the experimental group became purple shown by crystalline violet staining,and the absorbance value at 570 nm detected by the microplate reader was 2.621±0.088,indicating the presence of bacteria.Scanning electron microscopy at 5 days after surgery showed that a large number of bacterial microcolonies appeared on the surface of the plate in the experimental group,forming a highly inhomogeneous three-dimensional structure similar to the"mushroom-like"and"tower-like"structures,with filamentous water channels connecting the"mushroom-like"structures,which were typical biofilm structures with high densities,while no obvious colonies were seen in the blank control group.Overall,this animal model simulates the state of infected biofilm formation due to early infection after internal fixation and provides an available method of irrigation with different drugs.

Objective:To explore the method of repairing huge bone and soft tissue defects in clavicle area after en bloc resection of primary malignant tumor of clavicle and the effect of shoulder joint function.Methods:Data of 3 patients with primary malignant tumors of clavicle who underwent en bloc resection (total or subtotal clavicle resection) and individualized repair of bone and soft tissue defects in clavicular region from January 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were female aged 45, 57 and 14 years old, respectively. Tumor types were osteosarcoma, solitary plasmacytoma and pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, shoulder rehabilitation training were performed. Oncological assessment and shoulder joint activity assessment were regularly performed. Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score (MSTS), Constant-Murley scoring and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) scoring system were used for functional assessment of shoulder joint.Results:All 3 cases were followed up with follow-up period of 33, 23 and 8 months respectively. No tumor recurrence or metastasis was detected at the last follow up. After tumor resection, one patient with osteosarcoma and one patient with pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma underwent reconstruction with clavicular plate and ligament advanced reinforcement system (LARS) ligament. One patient with solitary plasmacytoma underwent LARS ligament reconstruction only after tumor resection. At the latest follow-up, MSTS scores were 28, 30 and 28, Constant-Murley scores were 80, 90 and 84, and UCLA scores were 29, 33 and 30, respectively. No complications occurred during perioperative and postoperative follow-up period.Conclusion:Reconstruction of clavicle and surrounding important ligaments after en bloc resection of primary clavicle malignant tumor is of great significance to the recovery of postoperative shoulder joint function. Satisfactory stability and good shoulder joint function could be obtained after reconstruction of clavicle and sternoclavicular joint.