Objective To explore the effect of smoking on the triglyceride ( TG ) , cholesterol ( TC ) , high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C) with the male type 2 diabetes. Methods Selected 144 male patients with type 2 diabetes, then divided them into four groups, including non-smokers, former smokers,current mild(≤20 per day) smokers and current heavy ( >20 per day) smokers. All of them were investigated about the age, diabetes pathogenesis, exercise, diet, smoking, lipid-lowering drugs used and checked with TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and so on. The difference of TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C among these four groups was compared by the methods of covariance analysis, regression analysis and partial correlation to evalu-ate the relationships of smoking with blood lipid. Results TG of heavy smokers was higher than the non-smokers and HDL-C was lower after correcting the effects of other possibly relative factors(P<0. 05). HDL-C of the former smokers was higher than smokers and TG was lower than heavy smokers(P<0. 05). Smoking was an independent risk factor for HDL-C ( P<0. 05 ,β= -0. 213 ) , and there was a significantly negative relationship between daily cigarette consumption and HDL-C ( r= -0. 223 , P<0. 05 ) . Conclusion Smoking is an important risk factor for the diabetic male patients’ metabolism of the TG and HDL-C,independent of age, body mass index, blood pres-sure,exercise,diabetes pathogenesis, percentage of body fat and blood glucose. Smoking promotes the type 2 diabet-ics’ disorder of blood lipid and smoking cessation is of significance for the diabetics’ regulation of blood lipids.

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism underlying transforming growth factor-β1 ( TGF-β1 ) induced differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)into myofibroblasts.Methods:Primary mouse BMSCs were isolated from bone marrow by flushing the tibias and femurs of mice , and passage 3 to passage 5 of BMSCs were used in the experiments . BMSCs differentiation into myofibroblast was induced by different doses of TGF-β1.In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor (N-acetylcysteine, NAC) was added to test its effect on the action of TGF-β1.Expressions of BMSCs differentiation parameters , α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagenα1(Ⅰ) [Col α1(Ⅰ)] and collagen α1(Ⅲ) [Col α1(Ⅲ)] were measured by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analysis.BMSCs were preloaded for 15 min with 2’, 7’-dichlorohydro-fluorescein diacetate ( DCFH-DA) , then stimulated with TGF-β1 for different times , and fluorescence of ROS was measured using high content analysis .Results:TGF-β1 stimulated differentiation of BMSCs into myofibroblasts and up-regulated expression of α-SMA, Col α1(Ⅰ) and Col α1(Ⅲ) in a dose-dependent manner , which blocked by ROS inhibitor NAC .In addition , TGF-β1 could induce a significant rapid and transient increase in ROS production in BMSCs , and the effect of TGF-β1 on ROS production was peaked at 30 min.Conclusion:TGF-β1 induced differentiation of BMSCs into myofibroblasts via production of ROS.

Animal experiment on influenza virus infection carries certain biohazard risk, with a threat to the health of researchers and public health.The risk levels differ by influenza virus types and subtypes.This article combs the domestic and national laws and rules, and explores the biosafety management of animal study on influenza virus.

BACKGROUND:Mini-screw stability is primarily related to alveolar bone cortical thickness. It is necessary to learn cortical thickness to choose suitable implanting sites and predict success rate. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the buccal cortical thickness in maxilary posterior area of Class II Division I malocclusion adolescents. METHODS: Fifty-two adolescents (including 26 male and 26 female) of Class II Division I malocclusion scanned by Cone Beam Computer Tomography were involved in this study. The buccal cortical thickness of six posterior interradicular sites (14-15, 15-16, 16-17, 24-25, 25-26, 26-27) at four bone levels (2, 4, 6, 8 mm) from the alveolar crest in both boys and girls were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There was no statisticaly significant difference in alveolar cortical thickness between left and right sides in the girls (P > 0.05); cortical thickness of 5-6 and 6-7 at 8 mm was thicker than that at 2 mm (P < 0.05) and cortical thickness of 6-7 at 2 mm was smaler than that at 8 mm (P < 0.05). The cortical thickness increased from crest to base of alveolar crest and reached the peak at 8 mm. Cortical thickness of 6-7 was thicker than 4-5 at 8 mm depth (P < 0.05). The results of males were the same as females. (2) There was no statisticaly significant difference in alveolar cortical thickness of the same site between males and females (P > 0.05). Al sites in this study were suitable for mini-screw implantation; from the first molar to posterior dental arch, buccal cortical thickness is wel-distributed; it is dangerous for implantation in the areas around the first molar more than 6 mm, where the frequent presence of the maxilary sinus is observed. There is an increase of buccal cortical thickness from crest to base of alveolar crest, obtaining good initial stability.

Objective It is necessary for nursing staff members to assign priorities in health education to hospitalized patients to ensure curative effect .The purose of the study was to explore the effect of process management application in health education path -way to patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) . Methods A total of 70 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were randomly divided into observation group and control group , 35 patients in each group .Traditional health education was done in control group , while health education pathway was performed in observation in observation group according to process management .A study of patients′satisfaction with hospitalization , compliance of medication and knowledge of health education was undertaken . Results Observation group had priority to control group in satisfaction with hospitalization and medication compliance (77.1% vs 42.9%,P <0.05; 80.0% vs 57.1%,P<0.05).As to knowledge of health education , observation group was prior to control group in dietary restrictions , functional training methods and return visit conditions (71.4% vs 40.0%;37.1% vs 14.3%;45.7% vs 17.1%).Howerver, no significant difference was found in congintion of drugs among the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with traditional health educa-tion, the process management application of RA health education pathway helps to improve patients ′health konwledge and medical compliance , which is an effective adjuvant treatment .

Objective To investigate the effects of high density lipoprotein (HDL) on thrombin-activated platelet al-pha-granulemembrane protein (CD62P) and lysosome intact membrane protein (CD63) expressions in vitro. Methods The equivalent volume of washed platelets prepared by hand was preincubated with HDL (1 g/L) in 37℃water for 15 minutes, which was then stimulated with different concentrations of thrombin (0.5 U/mL, 1 U/mL and 10 U/mL) for 10 minutes in wa-ter of 37℃. Meanwhile another three groups of washed platelets were incubated with thrombin (0.5 U/mL, 1 U/mL and 10 U/mL) for 10 minutes, respectively. The CD62P and CD63 from each sample were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). Results The CD62P positive rates of HDL-preincubated groups were significantly lower than those of different concentrations of thrombin groups (0.5 U/mL,1 U/mL and 10 U/mL) in the absence of HDL (11.55%± 1.34% vs 18.14%± 1.50%, 17.19%± 0.17% vs 26.24%± 0.77% and 19.79%± 0.32% vs 80.38%± 5.66%,P ＜ 0.01). Meanwhile, The CD63 positive rates of HDL-preincubated groups were also significantly lower than those of thrombin-treated (0.5 U/mL, 1 U/mL and 10 U/mL) groups without HDL, namely,2.92%±0.22%vs 8.09%±0.48%(P＜0.001), 4.20%±0.98%vs 14.15%±1.39%(P＜0.001) and 5.12%± 0.09% vs 24.48%± 1.71%(P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion HDL inhibits the expression of CD62P and CD63 on throm-bin-stimulated platelets in vitro.

Objective To explore prevention and cure effects of the freeze-dried human fibrin glue as the way of the lacrimal duct embolization on xerophthalmia in perimenopausal female rabbit.Methods A total of 72 female rabbits,after anti infection treatment and were cut off third eyelid,were made into perimenopausal xerophthalmia rabbit models.After surgery,all of these rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups (12 rabbits per group):No treatment group after surgery (group A),PBS prevention group (group B),freeze-dried human fibrin prevention group (group C);no treatment group after modeling (modeling time:Two weeks after surgery,group D),PBS treatment group (group E),freeze-dried human fibrin treatmentgroup (group F).The Schirmer test (SIT),corneal fluorescein (FL) and corneal confocal microscope were performed before and 2 weeks,4 weeks,6 weeks after injection.Results There were statistical differences in FL score and SIT in group A,group B and group C among different time points (F =27.346,10.608;P =0.000,0.001);There were statistical differences between FL scores and SIT among three groups (F =7.579,6.786;P =0.002,0.007);There was significant difference in FL scores and SIT trends among three groups(F =44.897,3.424;P =0.000,0.045).The FL score and SIT of group D,group E and group F were significantly improved after treatment for 2 weeks,4 weeks and 6 weeks,the differences were statistically significant (t =2.906,3.654,4.504;P =0.022,0.017,0.013.t =4.573,5.759,7.231;P =0.032,0.019,0.008);The difference between FL score and SIT in group E and group F was statistically significant after treatment (t =2.776,4.124,5.324;P =0.032,0.026,0.017.t =1.969,3.122,4.324;P =0.038,0.023,0.009).After injection of 6 weeks,the epithelial basal cells (F =17.306,P =0.002) and inflammatory cells (F =34.024,P =0.000) of group A,B and C were significant changed,the differences were statistically significant.After injection of 6 weeks,the epithelial basal cells (F =3.749,P =0.042)and inflarnmatory cells(F=8.806,P =0.005) of group D,E and F were significant changed,the differences were also statistically significant.Conclusion Lacrimal duct embolization with freeze-dried human fibrin glue is effective for the xerophthalmia.

To increase the dissolution rate and extent of valsartan, valsartan nanosuspensions have been prepared. Controlled precipitation assisted with sonication is utilized to prepare valsartan nanosuspensions, the concentration of the drug, stabilizer and costablizer had a great effect on the stability of the preparation according to the pre-experiment. So the method of central composite design-response surface is used to optimize the prescription based on the above three factors and the particle size as the response value. The software Origin 8.0 is used to draw the view of the three-dimensional effects and 2D contour map, to get the optimal prescription area. Valsartan nanosuspensions were prepared. The mean diameter and zeta potential are about 216.6 nm and -57.7 mV, respectively. Compared with the microsuspensions and commercial preparation, the dissolution of valsartan nanosuspensions was faster and the bioavailability can be enhanced to some extent.

[Summary] Thirty-two SD rats were randomly divided into noraml control group(NC, n = 10) and high fat diet group(HF, n=22). 10 weeks later, the HF group rats were injected STZ(30 mg/ kg) to set up the model of diabetes complicating with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Then, HF group were randomly divided into model control group(MC, n = 8) and Saxagliptin intervene group( M + S, n = 8). The M + S group were made an intervention with Saxagliptin(10 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 ) for 8 weeks. At the end of 18 weeks, the fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, liver function, liver weight, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 6 were measured. HOMA-IR was calculated. Western bolt was used to determine the expression of NF-κB in hepatic tissue. The level of the indexes above increased in the MC group than in the NC group. But the indexes above mentioned in M + S group were ameliorated. The expression of NF-κB was significantly up regulated in MC group as compared with the NC group, and significantly reduced in the M+S group than in the MC group. The results of correlation analysis revealed that TNF-αand IL-6 were positive correlated with HOMR-IR, respectively. Saxagliptin can effectively reduce the blood glucose level and alleviate insulin resistance, then further relieve the inflammation of liver injury, and finally to alleviate the condition of T2DM with NAFLD. It may play a protective role in the damaged hepatic cells.

Objective To discuss the influence of bath frequency on neonatal skin condition and body temperature. Methods 108 newborns from obstetrics of People′s Hospital of Peking University during November 2015 to December 2015 were selected, and were randomly distributed t into two groups by lottery. The control group took bath every day, whereas the experimental group did every three days. The newborns were followed up for 4 weeks on their skin condition and body temperature. Then the data were systemized and performed statistical analysis. Results During the first 4 weeks after babies were born, the control group and experimental group showed no significant difference on their skin condition (P>0.05). When compared at the time of first 3 days, 1 week and 2 weeks after the babies were born, body temperature of the experimental group were (36.693±0.182), (36.738±0.174), (36.772±0.185)℃, while the control group were (36.591 ± 0.160), (36.671 ± 0.158), (36.684 ± 0.155)℃,which tended to be significantly lower than the experimental group (t values were -2.697,-2.087,-2.669, P <0.01 or 0.05), but still within the normal range. However, this difference of body temperature disappeared after the first 2 weeks (P>0.05). Conclusions Reducing the bath frequency form once a day to every third day showed no influence on neonatal skin condition. Meanwhile, it did avoid significant reduce of body temperature after bath. This may help improve healthy skin care of newborns, promote their growth, and at the same time, redistribute the clinical nursing work efficiently.