BACKGROUND:Mini-screw stability is primarily related to alveolar bone cortical thickness. It is necessary to learn cortical thickness to choose suitable implanting sites and predict success rate. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the buccal cortical thickness in maxilary posterior area of Class II Division I malocclusion adolescents. METHODS: Fifty-two adolescents (including 26 male and 26 female) of Class II Division I malocclusion scanned by Cone Beam Computer Tomography were involved in this study. The buccal cortical thickness of six posterior interradicular sites (14-15, 15-16, 16-17, 24-25, 25-26, 26-27) at four bone levels (2, 4, 6, 8 mm) from the alveolar crest in both boys and girls were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There was no statisticaly significant difference in alveolar cortical thickness between left and right sides in the girls (P > 0.05); cortical thickness of 5-6 and 6-7 at 8 mm was thicker than that at 2 mm (P < 0.05) and cortical thickness of 6-7 at 2 mm was smaler than that at 8 mm (P < 0.05). The cortical thickness increased from crest to base of alveolar crest and reached the peak at 8 mm. Cortical thickness of 6-7 was thicker than 4-5 at 8 mm depth (P < 0.05). The results of males were the same as females. (2) There was no statisticaly significant difference in alveolar cortical thickness of the same site between males and females (P > 0.05). Al sites in this study were suitable for mini-screw implantation; from the first molar to posterior dental arch, buccal cortical thickness is wel-distributed; it is dangerous for implantation in the areas around the first molar more than 6 mm, where the frequent presence of the maxilary sinus is observed. There is an increase of buccal cortical thickness from crest to base of alveolar crest, obtaining good initial stability.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the proliferation effect of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on prostate in aged rats at the environmental exposure dose and the possible mechanism.METHODS Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 1.5 years,were randomly divided into 4 groups (8 rats per group) and treated with DEHP (30,90 and 270 μg· kg-1,ig) and vehicle once daily respectively for 4 weeks.All the animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and sacrificed on the day subsequent to the last treatment.① Abdominal aortic blood samples were collected,and serum estradiol (E2),testosterone (T) and prolactin (PRL) levels were assayed by ELISA.② The prostate tissues were dissected and categorized into different lobes,weighed and measured.The prostate relative mass was calculated.③ The morphological changes were detected by HE staining and prostate epithelial height was analyzed with microscopic image analysis software.RESULTS Compared with vehicle control group,the prostate relative mass,dorsolateral prostate mass,and dorsolateral prostate index in DEHP 270 μg· kg-1 group were significantly higher (P＜0.05).The height of the ventral prostate epithelium in DEHP 30,90 and 270 μg· kg-1 groups was increased significantly (P＜0.01),so was the height of dorsal prostate epithelium in DEHP 270 μg· kg-1 group (P＜0.01).There were no significant changes in levels of E2,PRL or T in DEHP 30,90 and 270 μg· kg-1 groups,but the ratios of E2/T in DEHP 30 and 270 μμg· kg-1 groups were increased significantly (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION Low-dose DEHP could promote the proliferation of prostatic hyperplasia in the aged rats,which might be associated with the relative levels of endogenous hormone.

Objective To explore prevention and cure effects of the freeze-dried human fibrin glue as the way of the lacrimal duct embolization on xerophthalmia in perimenopausal female rabbit.Methods A total of 72 female rabbits,after anti infection treatment and were cut off third eyelid,were made into perimenopausal xerophthalmia rabbit models.After surgery,all of these rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups (12 rabbits per group):No treatment group after surgery (group A),PBS prevention group (group B),freeze-dried human fibrin prevention group (group C);no treatment group after modeling (modeling time:Two weeks after surgery,group D),PBS treatment group (group E),freeze-dried human fibrin treatmentgroup (group F).The Schirmer test (SIT),corneal fluorescein (FL) and corneal confocal microscope were performed before and 2 weeks,4 weeks,6 weeks after injection.Results There were statistical differences in FL score and SIT in group A,group B and group C among different time points (F =27.346,10.608;P =0.000,0.001);There were statistical differences between FL scores and SIT among three groups (F =7.579,6.786;P =0.002,0.007);There was significant difference in FL scores and SIT trends among three groups(F =44.897,3.424;P =0.000,0.045).The FL score and SIT of group D,group E and group F were significantly improved after treatment for 2 weeks,4 weeks and 6 weeks,the differences were statistically significant (t =2.906,3.654,4.504;P =0.022,0.017,0.013.t =4.573,5.759,7.231;P =0.032,0.019,0.008);The difference between FL score and SIT in group E and group F was statistically significant after treatment (t =2.776,4.124,5.324;P =0.032,0.026,0.017.t =1.969,3.122,4.324;P =0.038,0.023,0.009).After injection of 6 weeks,the epithelial basal cells (F =17.306,P =0.002) and inflammatory cells (F =34.024,P =0.000) of group A,B and C were significant changed,the differences were statistically significant.After injection of 6 weeks,the epithelial basal cells (F =3.749,P =0.042)and inflarnmatory cells(F=8.806,P =0.005) of group D,E and F were significant changed,the differences were also statistically significant.Conclusion Lacrimal duct embolization with freeze-dried human fibrin glue is effective for the xerophthalmia.

Objective:To investigate the expression pattern of microRNA-146a in Brucella patients and its correlation with antibody titers.Methods: By using real time PCR assay, expression levels of microRNA-146a in sera samples from 20 brucellosis patients and 20 healthy volunteers were analyzed.The correlation between expression level of microRNA-146a and serum antibody titers were analyzed with SPSS17.0.Results: A quantification curve of microRNA-146a was constructed with synthesized standard.Expression levels of microRNA-146a among brucellosis patients were significantly lower than those in 20 healthy volunteers (P<0.001).For brucellosis patients,the expression level of microRNA-146a was negatively related with antibody titers (P<0.05). Conclusion:Expression of miRNA-146a in brucellosis patients was significantly inhibited and negatively related with antibody titer.

Objective:To compare the quantitative measurements of the retinal capillary nonperfusion areas in a cohort of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients with fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) and swept source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA), and to determine the intrapersonal variability between examiners.Methods:A cross-sectional study. Eighteen eyes of eleven PDR patients diagnosed in Department of ophthalmology of Henan Provincial People's Hospital from September 2019 to January 2020 were included in this study. FFA was performed using Spectralis HRA+OCT (Germany Heidelberg Company) from and SS-OCTA was performed using VG200D (China Vision Micro Image Corporation). SS-OCTA was used to collect images of retinal layer, superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP). The same observation area was 80°×60° for SS-OCTA and 55° for FFA with both setting centered on the fovea. The forty-nine retinal capillary nonperfusion areas were observed. The area measurement was completed independently by three examiners. Paired sample t test or paired sample Wilcoxon test were used to compare the measured values of retinal capillary nonperfusion areas between the two examination methods and among the three examiners. Results:There was no significant difference in the retinal layer, SCP and DCP nonperfusion area measured by FFA and SS-OCTA among the three examiners ( P>0.05), and the consistency is good (consistency correlation coefficient> 0.9, P<0.05). The nonperfusion area measured by FFA was 0.786 mm 2. The median nonperfusion area of retinal layer and SCP measured by SS-OCTA were 0.787 mm 2 and 0.791 mm 2, respectively, and the average nonperfusion area of DCP was 0.878±0.366 mm 2. The nonperfusion area of retinal layer and SCP measured by FFA and SS-OCTA showed no statistically significant difference ( P=0.054, 0.198). The nonperfusion area of DCP measured by SS-OCTA was significantly larger than that of FFA, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). The results of repeatability analysis showed that 93.88% (46/49) of the DCP nonperfusion area data measured by SS-OCTA were greater than those measured by FFA. Conclusion:The retinal nonperfusion area of DCP in PDR patients measured by SS-OCTA is larger than that of FFA.

Objective To evaluate the value of localization diagnosis of 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the patients with structural MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) based on the results of localization diagnosis of electroencephalogram (EEG) in patients with TLE without lesion.Methods Thirty-three patients with MRI-negative TLE and 33 age-and sex-matched healthy control subjects underwent MRS and took the side localized by scalp/video EEG as standard,to evaluate the value of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid (NAA)/creatine (Cr),NAA/(Cr + choline (Cho)) in the localization diagnosis of TLE.Results There was no significant difference in NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr and NAA/(Cr + Cho) in bilateral hippocampi of 33 healthy controls,and the mean values of them in bilateral hippocampi were regarded as normal values.The NAA/Cr and NAA/(Cr + Cho) ratios were significantly decreased in both sides of the hippocampi ipsilateral and contralateral to the seizure side.Taking NAA/Cr and NAA/(Cr +Cho) as an index to localize respectively and comparing with the localization diagnosis of EEG,spectral anomalies were found in 28 cases and 29 cases respectively,and the abnormal rate reached 85％ and 88％.The localization diagnosis of 17 and 18 cases was consistent with the EEG,the rate being 52％ and 55％ respectively,but 12％ (4/33) and 18％ (6/33) were opposite.There were 36％ (12/33) and 27％ (9/33) cases who could not be localized.The localization diagnosis results by NAA/Cr and NAA/(Cr +Cho) were not significantly different.Conclusions The existence of mirror-image foci may be the main reason of the failure of localization diagnosis.1H-MRS has higher value for localization of TLE foci,and combining 1H-MRS with other techniques can further improve the accuracy and reliability of localizing the epileptic foci in patients with TLE.Compared with EEG in the diagnosis of TLE,there are no significant differences in the localization diagnosis of TLE by NAA/Cr and NAA/(Cr + Cho),which can all be the standard indices of localization diagnosis.

Objective To analyze the thickness of cornea and corneal epithelium in healthy subjects by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods Totally 100 healthy subjects aged between 20 and 30 years were analyzed by OCTA technique.Using AngioVue OCTA system of retinal imaging mode,and using SSADA algorithm for imaging,the cornea and the corneal epithelium in the central corneal diameter range of 9 mm were measured.The differences of corneal and corneal epithelial thickness in different gender regions were compared.Results In the male and female group,the corneal central total thickness were (559.92 ±33.26) μm and(540.06 ±31.63)μm,and the corneal epithelial thickness were(57.78 ±4.88) μm and(56.88 ±4.57) μm,The total central corneal thickness and central corneal epithelial thickness of the male were greater than those of the female,the difference was statistically significant (t =3.06,2.10;all P ＜ 0.05).The cornea of male was the thickest at S5,S7 and SN9,there were significant differences at S5 and S7 compared with female (t =2.93,2.83;all P ＜ 0.05);The female cornea was the thickest at S5,SN7 and SN9,and the difference was significant at S5 compared with male.The cornea of male subjects was the thinnest at IT,which was statistically significant only at IT5 compared with female subjects in the same area (t =2.02,P ＜ 0.05);The cornea of female subjects was the thinnest at T5,IT7 and T9,which was statistically significant only at T5 and T9 compared with male subjects in the same region (t =2.63,2.20;all P ＜ 0.05);There was significant difference in corneal thickness between male and female at ST (t =3.1 1,2.79,2.33;all P ＜ 0.05).The corneal epithelium was the thickest at IT5,I7,and I9,and the lowest at S5,S7 and S9,and there was no significant difference compared with female in the same region (all P ＞ 0.05).The corneal epithelium of female at the IT5,T7,N9 were the thickest,SN5,S7,S9 were the thinnest;Except for M2 and SN5,there was no significant differences in corneal epithelium between male and female groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Corneal central epithelium accounted for the largest percentage of total corneal thickness,and gradually decreased from inside to outside.Conclusion OCTA can be used to measure the thickness of corneal and corneal epithelial regions.

Objective To investigate the value of intravoxel incoherent motion DWI (IVIM-DWI) in differential diagnosis of high-grade gliomas and brain metastases.Methods Conventional MRI,contrast-enhanced MRI and IVIM-DWI were performed before surgery or chemoradiotherapy in 24 patients with high-grade gliomas and 28 patients with brain metastases.The diffusion constant (D),pseudodiffusion coefficient of perfusion (D*) and the perfusion fraction (f) in the parenchyma and peritumoral edema region within 1 cm and the normal centrum semiovale in the opposite side were measured,then the relative values of all parameters in each region (rD*,rD,rf) were calculated.Independent sample t test was used to analyze the parameters.ROC curve analysis of the parameters statistically different between high grade gliomas and brain metastases were performed,and the diagnostic efficacies were evaluated.Results The D* and rD* values of tumor parenchyma and in peritumoral edema within 1 cm of high-grade gliomas were higher than those of brain metastases (all P＜0.05).The f and rf values of tumor parenchyma and in peritumoral edema within 1 cm of highgrade gliomas were lower than those of brain metastases (all P＜0.01).The AUC of D* value in peritumoral edema within 1 cm was the highest,but there was no statistically different between any two AUC except the rD* value of peritumoral edema within 1 cm (P =0.033).Conclusion IVIM-DWI can distinguish the differences of diffusion and perfusion information in parenchyma and edema area between high-grade gliomas and brain metastases,therefore providing the basis for differential diagnosis of them.

Objective:To provide reference for the development of a more intelligent and systematic nursing clinical decision support system based on the concept of precision nursing and data sharing, the nursing plan module of clinical decision support system.Methods:An evidence-based knowledge base was constructed based on the nursing process and the standardized nursing terminologies; the nursing plan module was designed according to clinical needs, and the logical reasoning rules were formulated from the generation, sequencing and stopping of nursing problems, objectives, measures and activities, and finally the nursing plan module of clinical decision support system was formed.Results:The nursing plan module of clinical decision support system included the basic information of patients, positive evaluation items and weight values, nursing problems, objectives, measures and activities, etc. the module could automatically deduce the nursing plan according to the patient's individual characteristic index (positive evaluation item), and sort the nursing problems and corresponding measures and activities according to the generation time, weight value and correlation degree. It could automatically distinguish nursing problems, goals, measures and the time of activity stop, and realize intelligent decision-making.Conclusion:The interface of nursing plan module of this system is clear and logical reasoning rules are rigorous. It breaks through the bottleneck of nursing decision-making based on personal professional knowledge and experience in clinical situation for a long time, which can ensure the homogeneity of nursing plan and improve the correctness of decision-making.

Objective:To design and develop an unplanned extubation clinical decision support system, aiming to provide a reference for nurses' clinical decision-making.Methods:Through literature review and expert consultation, the knowledge base of the clinical decision support system for unplanned extubation was constructed, and the system function and interface were designed.Results:The authoritative coefficients of the two rounds of expert consultation were 0.853 and 0.867, respectively, and the Kendall ′s W were 0.458 and 0.492, respectively. The final built knowledge base included catheter evaluation module, unplanned extubation evaluation module, and knowledge reasoning rule module. At present, the knowledge base had sorted out 48 first-level items, 9 second-level items, 72 third-level items in the catheter evaluation module, and 5 first-level items, 12 second-level items, and 73 third-level items in the unplanned extubation evaluation module. Entry, 40 knowledge reasoning rules. Conclusions:The clinical decision-making system for unplanned extubation has changed the implementation of unplanned extubation risk early warning, optimized the management process, and realized the interaction of the hospital system. It can conduct dynamic unplanned extubation risk assessment based on individualization and assist nurses Make clinical decisions and promote the safety of nursing management.