Excitotoxicity refers to a process of neuronal death caused by excessive or prolonged activation of receptors for the excitatory amino acids, which is related to the overload of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and mitochondrial depolarization. The well accepted hypothesis that Ca2+ plays a central role in neurotoxicity, and it mediated excitotoxicity is deeply involved in both acute and chronic neurodegeneration suggests that inhibitors of Ca2+ transduction, such as NMDA antagonists, might block the pathological process at an early stage and provide more effective protections.

Objective To investigate the subtype distribution and sequence characteristics of HIV-1 strains prevalent among sexual infectors in Beijing. Methods We collected the blood samples from 100HIV sexual infectors in Beijing during 2008 and separated plasma specimens. RNA was extracted from the plasma and the gag gene was amplified by RT-PCR and nest-PCR. The PCR products were sequenced directly and phylogenetic analyses of gag gene was performed using the MEGA4 software. Results Among 100 HIV-1 plasma samples,84 gag gene fragments were amplified and analyzed. Eight HIV subtypes including B(22 strains), B'(8 strains),C( 1 strain) ,CRF01_AE (38 strains) ,CRF02_AG (2 strains) ,CRF07_BC(9 strains) ,CRF08_BC(3 strains) and C/CRF01_AE recombinant like strain( 1 strain) were identified circulating in Beijing. Conclusion CRF01 _AE and subtype B were predominant in Beijing account for 45.2% and 26.2% and the surveillance of HIV gene variation should be paid more attention.

Objective To discuss the treatment method and opportunity for patients with gallbladder stones and extrahepatic bile duct stones who failed endoscopic removal of common bile duct stones by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP). Methods 12 patients, with gallbladder stones and extrahepatic bile duct stones, failed endoscopic stone extraction (ESE), underwent emergency one-stage laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE). Results All of the patients were successfully completed LC +LCBDE and stones were completely removed. Hyperamylasemia occurred in 3 cases and there was no bile leakage, intestinal leakage, cholangitis, pancreatitis, biliary bleeding and other complications. Conclusions Emergency LCBDE has been shown to be a safe and effective salvage procedure for failed ESE.

Combinations of DNA and recombinant-viral-vector based vaccines are promising AIDS vaccine methods because of their potential for inducing cellular immune responses. It was found that Gag-specific cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) responses were associated with lowering viremia in an untreated HIV-1 infected cohort. The main objectives of our studies were the construction of DNA and recombinant Sendal virus vector (rSeV) vaccines containing a gag gene from the prevalent Thailand subtype B strain in China and trying to use these vaccines for therapeutic and prophylactic vaccines. The candidate plasmid DNA vaccine pcDNA3.1(+)-gag and recombinant Sendai virus vaccine (rSeV-gag) were constructed separately. It was verified by Western blotting analysis that both DNA and rSeV-gag vaccines expressed the HIV-1 Gag protein correctly and efficiently. Balb/c mice were immunized with these two vaccines in different administration schemes. HIV-1 Gag-specific CTL responses and antibody levels were detected by intracellular cytokine staining assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) respectively. Combined vaccines in a DNA prime/rSeV-gag boost vaccination regimen induced the strongest and most long-lasting Gag-specific CTL and antibody responses. It maintained relatively high levels even 9 weeks post immunization. This data indicated that the prime-boost regimen with DNA and rSeV-gag vaccines may offer promising HIV vaccine regimens.

Objective To evaluate target gene IL15 expression by lentiviral vector in mammalian cells,we constructed a recombinant lentivirus expressing human interleukin 15 to be used as vaccine adjuvant or in gene immunotherapy.Methods The IL15 gene was cloned from human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and constructed into plasmid plvx-IL15-Ires-gfp.Recombinant lentivirus was produced in 293T cells and immature dendritic cells were infected in vitro.Results The target gene expression was detected,cell lines stably expressing IL15 were obtained by antibiotic screening.Immature dendritic cells can also be infected and express IL15.Conclusion We successfully constructed lentivirus vector that was able to express ILl5 in dendritic cells without inducing maturation,it could be used in gene immunotherapy or as a vaccine adjuvant.

SUMMARY Thehumanembryonicstemcells(hESCs)serveasaself-renewable,genetically-healthy, pluripotent and single source of all body cells,tissues and organs.Therefore,it is considered as the good standard for all human stem cells by US,Europe and international authorities.In this study,the standard and healthy human mesenchymal progenitors,ligament tissues,cardiomyocytes,keratinocytes,primary neurons,fibroblasts,and salivary serous cells were differentiated from hESCs.The human cellular health-safety of NaF,retinoic acid,5-fluorouracil,dexamethasone,penicillin G,adriamycin,lead ace-tate PbAc,bisphenol A-biglycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA)were evaluated selectively on the standar-dized platforms of hESCs,hESCs-derived cardiomyocytes,keratinocytes,primary neurons,and fibro-blasts.The evaluations were compared with those on the currently most adopted cellular platforms.Parti-cularly,the sensitivity difference of PM2.5 toxicity on standardized and healthy hESCs derived fibroblasts, currently adopted immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells Beas-2B and human umbilical vein endo-thelial cells (HUVECs)were evaluated.The results showed that the standardized hESCs cellular plat-forms provided more sensitivity and accuracy for human cellular health-safety evaluation.

Objective To construct recombinant MVA vaccine encoding codon-optimized HIV-1 CRF01_AE gp145 gene and evaluate its immunogenicity in mice.Methods The intracellular region of codon-modified HIV-1 CRF01_AE consensus env gene obtained in our preliminary study was removed to get gp145 gene.The modified gp145 gene was cloned into shuttle plasmid pSC11.BHK-21 cells infected with wild-type MVA in advance were transfected with the recombinant shuttle plasmid.Then the recombinant MVA vaccine expressing gp145 rMVA-AEgp145 was obtained by homologous recombination.After expression of Gp145 was confirmed by WB assay,BALB/c mice were immunized with the recombinant MVA vaccine and the cellular immune responses were evaluated.Results Recombinant MVA vaccine expressed Gp145 protein efficiently and induced high level of cellular immune responses in immunized BALB/c mice.Conclusion The recombinant MVA vaccine encoding HIV-1 CRF01_AE gp145 gene was constructed successfully.This vaccine could induce strong env-specific CTL responses in mice.

Objective:To observe the peripapillary atrophy (PPA) and peripapillary choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in patients with different degrees of myopia and to analyze their correlations.Methods:A cross-sectional clinical study. From September 2021 to December 2021, 281 mypoic patients of 281 eyes treated in Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University at Hangzhou were included in this study, and the right eye was used as the treated eye. There were 135 eyes in 135 males and 146 eyes in 146 females. The age was 28.18±5.78 years. The spherical equivalent refraction (SE) was -5.13±2.33 D. The patients were divided into three groups: low myopia group (group A, -3.00 D

Objective To analyze the comorbidity and concomitant medications use in adult patients with chronic hepatitis C.Methods A descriptive epidemiological methods was carried out in adult patients with chronic hepatitis C and data from 2013 to 2015 were accessed through the China Medical Insurance database.Results Among a chronic HCV cohort of 2 958 cases,the top five comorbidities were diabetes,hypertension,ischemic heart disease,gastroduodenitis,and co-infection with HBV and HCV.The three most common concomitant medications prescribed for mentioned comorbidities were acarbose,metformin and repaglinide (Diabetes),nifedipine,amlodipine and metoprolol (Hypertension),aspirin,nifedipine and amlodipine (Ischemic heart disease),omeprazole,pantoprazole and levolfoxacin (Gastroduodenitis),ribavirin,pegylated interferon alpha-2a and alpha-2b (Co-infected with hepatitis B and C virus).Conclusion The five most frequent comorbidities in adult patients with chronic hepatitis C are diabetes,hypertension,isehemic heart disease,gastroduodenitis,and co-infection with HBV and HCV.A concomitant medication use in those patients with comorbidities causes potential drug-drug interactions.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is an important basis for the diagnosis of arrhythmia and myocardial infarction. In order to further improve the classification effect of arrhythmia and myocardial infarction, an ECG classification algorithm based on Convolutional vision Transformer (CvT) and multimodal image fusion was proposed. Through Gramian summation angular field (GASF), Gramian difference angular field (GADF) and recurrence plot (RP), the one-dimensional ECG signal was converted into three different modes of two-dimensional images, and fused into a multimodal fusion image containing more features. The CvT-13 model could take into account local and global information when processing the fused image, thus effectively improving the classification performance. On the MIT-BIH arrhythmia dataset and the PTB myocardial infarction dataset, the algorithm achieved a combined accuracy of 99.9% for the classification of five arrhythmias and 99.8% for the classification of myocardial infarction. The experiments show that the high-precision computer-assisted intelligent classification method is superior and can effectively improve the diagnostic efficiency of arrhythmia as well as myocardial infarction and other cardiac diseases.
Humans ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Diseases ; Myocardial Infarction/diagnostic imaging* ; Algorithms ; Electric Power Supplies