Objective To study the relationship between expression of multidrug resistant 1 ( MDR1) gene encoded P-glycoprotein ( P-gp) and multidrug resistance relation protein ( MRP) in ulcerative colitis and the disease behavior. Methods Sections of endoscopic biopsy samples from patients with ulcerative colitis were studied by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibody of MDR1 gene encoded P-gp and MRP. Results Expressions of MDR1 gene encoded P-gp and MRP in the 12th month and 18th month of ulcerative colitis were 40. 5% , 45.9% , 48. 6% and 51.4% , respectively, which were all significantly higher than those of early phase ( P < 0.05). P-gp and MRP expressions in active stage and remission stage of ulcerative colitis were 36.4% , 18. 6% , 46. 1% and 25.4% , respectively, which was significantly different between the two stages (P < 0.05 ). At active stage of ulcerative colitis there was no significant difference in expressions of P-gp and MRP among mild, moderate and severe patients (P > 0. 05 ). Conclusion Examination of P-gp and MRP expressions is feasible and dependable in presenting evidence of drug insistence. However, it is not suitable to be an indicator of severity because of its poor differentiation ability in active stage.

Objective To analyze the changes of varicosis and hemodynamics in cirrhotic patients with portal vein hypertension at different stages after Hassab devascularization, and to evaluate the outcome.Methods Hassab devascularization was performed in 161 patients with portal vein hypertension, who were all evaluated by means of endoscopy, Doppler color imaging and Child-Pugh grading before and 6, 12, 18,24 months after the procedure, respectively.Results The rates of mild esophageal varicosis were 44.0%,34.8% and 28.3% at 6, 12 and 18 months after Hassab devascularization, respectively, which were all significantly higher than that before the operation(7.5%, P ＜ 0.05), while the rates of severe esophageal varicosis were 25.2%, 29.7% and 34.9% at 6, 12 and 18 months after the procedure, which were significantly lower than that before(65.2%, P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of varices in gastric fundus was correlated with the severity of esophageal varices.At 12 months after the operation, the inner diameters of portal vein and its right branch significantly decreased when compared with those before(P ＜ 0.05), the maximal flow rate,volume of portal vein and average flow rate of the left branch also significantly decreased(P ＜ 0.05).At 6 months after the operation, the average flow rate of the right branch slowed down(P ＜ 0.05).Child-Pugh Grade A accounted for 63.5%, 60.6% and 57.9% at 6, 12 and 18 months after the operation, respectively, which were significantly higher than that before(48.4%, P ＜0.05).When evaluated at 24 months after the procedure, all variables were getting close to those before.Conclusion The severity of esophageal varices mitigates in 18 months after Hassab.Hemodynamics of portal vein system decreases in 12 months.The overall liver function improves in 18 months after the operation.

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors for portopulmonary hypertension （POPH） in liver cirrhosis， and to construct a noninvasive predictive model. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 310 cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension who were hospitalized in The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2013 to August 2022， and according to whether pulmonary artery systolic pressure was ≥40 mmHg on ultrasound， the patients were divided into POPH group with 31 patients and non-POPH group with 279 patients. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups， and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups； the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. A binary Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for POPH， and a nomogram prediction model was constructed. The Bootstrap resampling method was used for internal validation， and C-index and calibration curve were used to assess the discriminatory ability and consistency of the model. The rms package was used to plot the nomogram. ResultsCompared with the non-POPH group， the POPH group had a significantly younger age， a significantly higher proportion of women or patients with hepatic encephalopathy or Child-Pugh class C disease， and significantly higher levels of direct bilirubin， Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score， albumin-bilirubin （ALBI） score， international normalized ratio， prothrombin time， FIB-4 index， LOK score， and Forns index， as well as significantly lower levels of serum albumin， alanine aminotransferase， gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase， hemoglobin， total cholesterol， and triglycerides （all P<0.05）. The multivariate analysis showed that sex （odds ratio ［OR］=0.172， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 0.064‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.462， P<0.001）， age （OR=0.944， 95%CI： 0.901‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.989， P=0.016）， ALBI score （OR=3.091， 95%CI： 1.100‍ ‍—‍ ‍8.687， P=0.032）， and hepatic encephalopathy （OR=3.466， 95%CI： 1.331‍ ‍—‍ ‍9.031， P=0.011） were independent risk factors for POPH. A predictive model for POPH in liver cirrhosis was established based on the above independent risk factors， with a C-index of 0.796 （95%CI： 0.701‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.890）， suggesting that the model had good discriminatory ability， and the calibration curve showed that the model had good calibration ability， suggesting that the model had certain predictive efficacy. ConclusionYoung female individuals， elevated ALBI score， and comorbidity with hepatic encephalopathy are independent risk factors for POPH in patients with liver cirrhosis， and the predictive model established based on these factors has a certain clinical application value.

【Objective】 To explore the recruitment and retention strategy of blood donors by investigating the age composition of blood donors in some areas of China, so as to promote blood donation and enhance clinical blood supply. 【Methods】 Through the working platform of Practice Comparison Working Group of China’s Mainland Blood Collection and Supply Institutions, the average age and age composition of blood donors from 22 blood centers were collected, and statistical analysis was conducted after eliminating invalid data. 【Results】 The median average age of blood donors during the survey year was 30.02.The median age in 2.89% of the blood centers was lower than 25. The average age of different genders was statistically significant only in 2018(P<0.05). Fot first-time blood donors, the median constituent ratio of donors <25 and ≥25 years old was 54.53% and 44.28%, with median retention rate at 10.30% and 9.61%, respectively. The median overall participation rate of blood donors was 2.7%, with median participation rate of blood donors <25 years old at 5.1%. 【Conclusion】 The recruitment and retention of blood donor is crucial to enhance clinical blood supply. Blood donors <25 years old, with a longer period for future donation, should be the main target of blood donation recruitment. Meanwhile, the revision of upper age limit for blood donation is another important initiative to grow the blood donor pool.

Objective: To characterize the relations between the practice of parenting and associated factors on children (0-5 years old) in urban areas of China, in order to provide evidence for promoting the early development of children and to provide positive guidance and service programs on parenting. Methods: A total of 4 515 parents from 15 cities (14 provinces) were surveyed with a self-administered questionnaire. Parenting and Family Adjustment Scales (PAFAS) was used, including parameters as: consistency and coercive parenting, positive encouragement, parent-child relationship and parental emotion adjustment, family relationship and parental teamwork aspects, etc. Both single factor analysis and multiple linear regression were used to examine the associations between parenting practice, individual, parental and family factors. Results: The mean score of PAFAS was 21.00 (15.00-28.00), associated with factors as children’s age, only-child family, premature delivery, father’s education level, confidence on parenting, problems regarding the parental mood, annual family income, family structure and behavior on seeking professional help, etc. Results showed that there were big differences on the practice of parenting in China and influenced by variety of factors. Conclusions The general situation of parenting was well, in the urban areas of China. The practice of parenting was associated with a series of individual, parental and family factors. Programs on improving the parenting skills and promoting the early development of children, should be highlighted.