Objective Through the research on relationship between achievement motive and personality traits,to provide the basis theory of personality attributes for selecting outstanding medical professional scientifically and effectively,and give some advice for improving medical education mode.Method The 310 medical staffs in sample hospital were treated as the research object in October 2015,who were randomly investigated with the big five personality questionnaire and achievement motivation scale,among of which,valid questionnaires were 290 copies leading to 93.5％ effective rate.SPSS 17.0 software was used to make t test,Chi-square analysis and correlation analysis for the data of the recover valid questionnaires.Result ①Personality traits of friendliness and rigor of the medical staffs of different gender exist statistically significant difference (t=-7.39,P=0.00;t=-8.28,P=0.00) and there were significant differences in the openness and rigor of medical staffs of different gender (P＜0.05).②The achievement motivation level of male medical staffs was higher than that of female (P=0.00),and there was no significant difference in achievement motivation among medical staffs.③The personality trait of neuroticism was negatively correlated with the pursuit of success and achievement motivation (correlation coefficient was-1.24),while the achievement motivation was positively related to extraversion and openness and the pursuit of success (the correlation coefficients were 1.51 and 1.53).Conclusion There is a significant correlation between personality traits and achievement motivation.The more extroverted personality medical staffs have,the more easy-going they are,and the more the pursuit of success oriented achievement motivation they have;and the higher the neurotic tendency individuals have,the more they incline to avoid failure of achievement motivation.