The liver is the most exuberant organs of human metabolism,susceptible to oxidative stress injury.More and more studies in recent years show that various types of liver diseases such as hepatitis,liver fibrosis,liver cirrhosis,liver cancer and so on are closely related with oxidative stress injury.The transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important transcription factor regulating oxidative stress reaction.It combines with the antioxidant response element antioxidant response elements (ARE),then activates target gene transcription,and increases the resistance of cell to oxidative stress.Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-Nrf2-ARE pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of liver diseases.

Mitochondria are the energy factory of all the cells, the center of aerobic metabolism, and essential for the me-tabolism of cells. Mitochondrial cardiomyopathy refers to myocardial damage caused by mitochondrial dysfunction and is char-acterized by cardiac structural and (or) functional abnormalities. The typical clinical feature of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, noncompaction of left ventricular and heart failure. This article focuses on the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and possible treatments of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy.

Mitochondria is an important part of cell oxidation, but oxidative stress in sepsis as end product of inflammation will cause changes of mitochondria, leading to organ damage. In general, antioxidant defense system fights oxidative stress through the interaction and prevents mitochondrial injury. Oxidative stress plays a important role in organ dysfunction. Studies have found that the targeted therapies for mitochondrial antioxidants may be a new strategy of multiple organ failure caused by sepsis. This review aims to summarize researches on oxidative stress of mitochondrial injury mechanism and targeted antioxidants in sepsis .

[Objective] To assess the safety of patients with pheochromocytoma receiving iodinated contrast media injection during enhanced CT examination.[Methods] The systolic pressure,diastolic pressure,heart rate of 205 patients with suspected diagnosis of adrenal pheochromocytoma were continuously recorded 10 minutes before the examination,and 5 minutes,10 minutes,20 minutes,30 minutes,and 24 hours after the examination.Among them,50 patients whose diagnosis were confirmed by pathology as pheochromocytoma were set as group A.Others were excluded pheochromocytoma and 50 were extracted from them and named as the control group(group B).The changes of blood pressure and heart rate were analyzed at different time points.[Results] The changes of blood pressure and heart rate before and after the examination in two groups showed no significant difference,as well as those at different time points between two groups.[Conclusions] Intravenous injection of low-osmolar iodinated contrast media does not induce changes of blood pressure and heart rate in pheochromocytoma patients.Pheochromocytoma patients have the same safety as patients with other adrenal carcinoma during enhanced CT examination.

Alpha nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(α7nAChR) is a classic neurotransmitter receptor. Re-cent studies have found α7nAChR plays a key role in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. In this paper, biology characteristics ofα7nAChR molecular,the relationship with cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway,anti-inflammatory effects of intracellular mechanisms,clinical application are reviewed.

Nrf2 signaling pathway is a major mechanism in the cellular defense against oxidative or electrophilic stress,which regulates series of detoxifying and antioxidant defense genes expression in the liver. The Nrf2 signaling pathway collectively exhibits diverse biological functions against viral hepatitis,alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver disease,fibrosis,and cancer via target gene expression. This review discusses the role of the Nrf2 pathway in liver pathophysiology and the potential application of Nrf2 as a therapeutic target of prevention and treatment of liver diseases.

Objective To investigate the variation of plasma mitochondrial coupling factor -6 and explore the significance in neonatal sepsis.Methods The study of 88 cases of pediatric inpatients in our hospital were divided into non-sepsis group (46 cases)and sepsis group (42 cases).CF-6 concentration in venous blood of all study subjects was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Re-sults The plasma CF-6 concentrations in peripheral venous blood of the patients with sepsis were signifi-cantly higher than those in non sepsis group(107.65 ±50.38)pg/ml vs (38.96 ±29.87)pg/ml,The con-centrations of CF-6 in the infected group were higher than those in the normal control group(P <0.05). Conclusions The concentration of mitochondrial coupling factor -6 in neonatal sepsis was significantly higher,and has a certain pathological and physiological significance in the pathogenesis of neonatal sepsis.

Objective To introduce the application of SwissDock in prediction of protein and small molecule docking , and provide reference for usage of SwissDock.Methods Chooseing baicalin (small molecule) and BMPRII (target protein) as study objects, operation processes of SwissDock system were described in detail and results were analyzed.Results The prediction result of SwissDock systew demonstrates that ASN338 is found as the binding site of docking, and the distance between ASN338 and baicalin is 3.5?and G=-13.17 kcal/mol.Conclusion SwissDock can help usersto submit dockings and retrieve predicted complexes.The system including simple operation interface and good human-computer interaction, it will be a powerful tool for researches of molecular recognition on the atomic scale .

ObjectiveTo analyze the Uridine diphosphoglucuronyl transferase 1 A1 gene (UGT1A1) mutation in non-he-molytic indirect hyperbilirubinemia.MethodsA female patient was diagnosed with type I Crigler-Najjar syndrome (CNS-I) after excluding hemolysis and hypothyroidism. Phototherapy treatment is effective while oral phenobarbital was not. UGT1A1 were ampliifed by polymerase chain reaction and DNA was sequenced.ResultsThe patient was compound heterozygote of c.1070A>G p. (Gln357Arg) and 1091C>T p. (pro364Leu) and diagnosed with CNS-I. Heterozygotes of the mutation were found in her parents.ConclusionsIn patients highly suspected of CNS, the genetic tests should be carried out as soon as possible.

Objective To analyze the gene abnormality and liver pathology in Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) in a child. Method The clinical data of one child with SDS were analyzed retrospectively. Result A male patient was 1 month old at onset with neutrophil decrease as the first manifestation, accompanied by anemia, elevated transaminase and repeated infection. Exocrine pancreatic dysfunction was atypical. Pathological examination of liver biopsy showed slight damage of liver cells under light microscope. The blood samples of child and parents were collected, and homozygous mutations of SBDS (NM_016038.2) Intron2 c.258+2T>C p.? were detected by two generation gene sequencing. And these mutations were from both his parents. Conclusion Gene testing is helpful in diagnosing SDS and we suggest that liver biopsy should be performed if condition allows.