Objective To compare dexmedetomidine versus midazolam sedation for myocardial protection in the patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods Sixty patients with acute myocardial infarction who required for emergency PCI,were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:dexmedetomidine group (group D) and midazolam group (group M).In group D,a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg was infused intravenously for 10 min before surgery.In group M,midazolam 0.05 mg/kg was injected intravenously before surgery.Dexmedetomidine 0.2-1.4 μg· kg-1 · h-1 and midazolam 0.02-0.10 mg·kg-1 ·h-1 were given via a pump during surgery until the end of surgery in the two groups.The RASS score was maintained at-2-2 in two groups.Before administration and on 3rd day after surgery,cardiovascular color doppler ultrasound was performed to record left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),venous blood samples were collected for determination of the levels of serum myocardial enzyme and cardiac troponin I (cTnI),and the development of surgical complications,duration of ICU stay and length of hospital stay were recorded.Results Compared with group M,the activities of serum creatine kinase,creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB,aspartate amino transferase and lactic dehydrogenase and cTnI concentrations were significantly decreased,LVEF was increased,and duration of ICU stay and length of hospital stay were shortened in group D.There was no significant difference in the development of postoperative complications between the two groups.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine sedation provides better efficacy for myocardial protection and prognosis and is more suitable for sedation than midazolam in the patients undergoing PCI.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare the inclusion compound of ?-carotene and study its stability. METHODS: Inclusion compound of ?-carotene with ?-CD was prepared by improved saturated water solution method. The stability of the inclusion compound was investigated by UV spectrophotometry and the content of ?-carotene was determined as well. RESULTS: In the inclusion compound, the content of ?-carotene was 5.54%. The stability of cyclodextrin complexed ?-carotene under heating, exposure to ultraviolet light and oxidizing agent was improved, and the remaining rate of ?-carotene increased by 34.4%, 1.8%, and 64.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The stability of ?-carotene was increased after encapsulation with ?-CD.

Objective To screen the optimized processing technology of wine radix Scutellariae .Methods With the the com‐prehensive score of the yield rates of baicalin ,wogonoside and baicalein as the index ,the orthogonal design was used to investigate the mass fractions of yellow wine quantity ,stir‐frying temperature and frying time of wine radix Scutellariae .Results The optimum yellow wine mass fraction was 10% ,the stir‐frying temperature was 120℃ ,the frying time was 6 min ,and this processing technolo‐gy was stable and feasible .Conclusion The orthogonal design can be used for the optimization of processing technology of wine ra‐dix Scutellariae .

The structure and function of the dialysate circuit of the hemodialysis machine are analyzed with the discussion on the relationship between dialysis quality,safety and compliations with the dialysate circuit,including dialysate temperature control,ultrafiltration control and dialysis hypotension,dialysate mixing and electrolytes homeostasis,disinfections of the machine and chronic inflammation of the patients,in order to improve the understanding on the related problems for both technicians and medical personnel,thus enhancing the prevention,monitoring and appropriate intervention of the potential failures,aiming to ensure the dialysis safety and optimal dialysis quality.

Laparoscopic and robotic techniques change the view of groin anatomy from inside to outside.The amplification view of laparoscopy extends surgeons' visual field,with clear and precise anatomy,less bleeding and certain outcome.Robotic flexible joints increase angle of suture to abdominal wall.In this background,hernia surgeons pay close attention to closure of abdominal wall defect,choice and fix of mesh as well as status of robotic technique in hernia filed.

Objective: To observe the effect intraperitoneal injection of low dose ketamine on thermal hyperalgesia and expression of P2X4 receptor in spinal dorsal horn of rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve, and to explore the potential role of P2X4, receptor in the neuropathic pain. Methods: Totally 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8): group S (sham group), group C: CCI + normal saline; and group K:CCI+ketamine (10mg · kg-1). Rat CCI model was used in the latter 2 groups. Three days after operation the thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) was determined to confirm the thermal hyperalgesia. Rats in group K were given low dose of ketamine (10mg · kg-1) and those in group C were given the same volume of normal saline for 7 days after operation. Animals in group S only had sciatic nerve exposed, with no ligation or drugs. TWL was determined 1 day before and 1, 3, 7 days after the operation. The expression of P2X4 receptor was assessed 7 days after the operation using immunohistochemistry. Results: The TWL values were similar between the 3 groups before operation. The value in group S was slightly decreased after operation compared with before operation. Compared with the pre-operation, group S, and group C, the TWL value of group K began to gradually increase 3 days after operation till day 7 after operation (P<0.05). On day 7 after operation, the TWL value was significantly higher than group C (P<0.05), but was still lower than that in group S (P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of P2X4 receptor in group C, K were significantly higher than that of group S (P<0.01) and the expression in group K was significantly lower than that in group C (P<0.05). Conclusion: Intraperitoneal injection of ketamine can partly relieve the thermal hyperalgesia in rats with CCI of sciatic nerve, which might be related to the inhibition of P2X4 receptor expression in the spinal dorsal horn.

Objective To investigate whether emergency rooms in major general public hospitals are reasonably designed and convenient for patients. Methods 78 major public hospitals were selected from all over China, except Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, for emergency room convenience analysis. The standards in use were the "Standards of Hospitals" of Joint commission International Accreditation. Results The investigation found in such hospitals the following: poor road conditions outside the clinic and insufficient guides in the clinic; long-than-expected distance (normally over 50 meters) from ER to imaging departments (such as X-ray and CT scan service); ERs in provincial capital cities are significantly more convenient than those in non-capital cities; distance from ERs to CT service is significantly shorter in hospitals in eastern China than those middle and western China. Conclusions Parameters on ER's service quality from "Standards of Hospitals" could serve as a guideline to emergency medicine in China. ERs in China need to improve with conspicuous ER signs, unblocked passageways, and convenient access to inspection departments.

Pegylated interferon plus ribavirin is still the standard treatment for hepatitis C,but the efficacy is often restricted by adverse events.HCV genotypes,viral dynamics during early treatment and gene polymorphism may be useful in predicting the efficacy of antiviral treatment.Several strategies have emerged to improve outcomes including low accelerating dose regimen (LADR) and prevention of complications.Direct antiviral drugs have been already used for HCV genotype 1 patients,and demonstrated improved efficacy.Besides,inhibitors and vitamin D may also be applied in antiviral therapy to improve the efficacy.This article reviews efficacy predictors,standard therapy,strategies and research on new medicaments in antiviral treatment of hepatitis C.

Artificial liver support system (ALSS),as a means of bridging patients with liver failure to transplantation,has been widely used at home and abroad.However,clinical trails show that different ALSS may have different therapeutic effects.This review briefly introduces the widely-used non-biological liver support technologies and extensively-studied biological liver support technologies,and tries to give an overview on their impact on biochemical markers and survival.

Smoking and exposure to second hand smoke are the deadly killer of human health. Tobacco kills more than one million people each year in China. According to 2015 Chinese adult tobacco survey, the number of smokers in China increased by 15 million during five years, from 301 million in 2010 to 316 million in 2015. Smoking addiction is a chronic recurrent disease, and its pathogenesis is associated with the mesolimbic dopamine system. In recent years, domestic and overseas scholars studied the brain function of smoking addicts through resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and found that the brain functional activity of smoking addicts has changed. fMRI can help us understand the mechanism of tobacco dependence, and provide the evidence of diagnosis, treatment and health management of tobacco dependence. In this paper, the present study situation and the application in the field of the treatment and management of smoking cessation of fMRI in smoking addicts are reviewed.