Background As a main suppressing neurotransmitter in visual system,gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) participates in the transmission and regulation of visual information.GABA and dopamine (DA) coexist in the visual cortex,and their mutual effects should be clarified.Objective This study was to investigate the effect of DA on GABA-activated current in vitro in cultured visual cortical neurons of rats.Methods Neutrons from visual cortex of clean neonatal rats were isolated and cultured by explant culture method.The neutrons cultured for 11 -to 14- days were collected for the record of whole cell currents of GABA-A (IGABA) channels in vitro using patch clamp technique.The DA solution (100mmol/L),SKF38393 (10mmol/L) solution and quinpirole solution(10mmol/L) were prepared with double distilled water and then the extracellular fluid was added to different concentrations.The IGABA changing rate under the action of SKF38393+SCH23390,SKF38393+Quinpirole for different time was recorded respectively and compared with that of action of DA,SKF38393,SCH23390,Quinpirole.The IGABA activated by extracellular fluid along served as control.Results The IGABA was significantly attenuated after activated by ≥10μmol/L of DA or SKF38393 separately in comparison to that of extracellular fluid action (P＜0.05).In various time of action,there were obviously differences in IGABA between DA or SKF38393 action and extracellular fluid (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).No evident change in IGABA changing rate was found after only SCH23390 action in comparison with extracellular cells (P＜0.05).However,after combination of SCH23390 and SKF38393,IGABA changing rate reduced by 19.49%.No significant differences were found in the changing rates of IGABA among different concentrations of quinpirole action groups compared with extracellular fluid group (P＞0.05);while when quinpirole was combined with SKF38393,the IGABA was elevated in comparison with only SKF38393 action group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Dopamine participates in the transfer and regulation of visual information through suppressing GABA-activated currents from neutrons of visual cortex at time-dependent manner in vitro.

Objective To explore the association of suprapatellar pouch effusion with knee pain and serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6,IL-17,IL-23 in patients with knee osteoarthritis measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods 204 patients with knee osteoarthritis were enrolled into the study.Suprapatellar pouch effusion was measured by OSIRIS in both grade (0-3) and maximum area (cm2).Serum IL-6,IL-17,IL-23 were measured.Knee pain was assessed by Western Ontario and McMasters osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) questionnaire and Lequesne index.Characteristics of patients were recorded and body mass index (BMI) was calculated.Student t test or Chi-square test was used to compare means or proportions.Multivariable linear regression or logistic regression was used to determine risk factors (α=0.05).Results ① In the 204 patients [mean age (55±8) years,86.3％ were females],the prevalence of physiologic effusion (≤ 1) was 47.9％ while moderate or larger (≥2) effusion was 52.1％.② The age,labour intensity,serum levels of uric acid (sUA) and Lequesne index of higher grade effusion group were higher (P＜0.05) compared with lower grade effusion group.③ Suprapatellar pouch effusion maximum area was positively correlated with age (r=0.208,P=0.006),BMI (r=0.171,P=0.027) and labour intensity (r=0.189,P=0.013).④ Adjusted for age,gender and BMI,the results of Logistic regression analysis showed that:suprapatellar pouch effusion grades were positively correlated with Lequesne index [OR=1.120,95％CI(1.011,1.241),P=0.029] and negatively correlated with IL-23 [OR=0.768,95％CI (0.598,0.986),P=0.038].Suprapatellar pouch effusion was not independently associated with WOMAC index,IL-6 and IL-17.Conclusion The prevalence of suprapatellar pouch pathological effusion is 52.1％ in knee osteoarthritis.Suprapatellar pouch effusions is positively correlated with knee pain (Lequesne index) and negatively conrelated with IL-23.

Objective To evaluate the performance of the Sysmex XE-5000 analyzer for analyzing atypical lymphocytes ,baso-philic granulocytes and their abnormalities warnings .Methods A total of 197 specimens with both atypical lymphocytes and baso-philic granulocytes warnings and 914 specimens with single warning of atypical lymphocytes indicated by Sysmex-5000 blood cell analyzer were collected and inspected by microscope simultaneously .Results Using microscopic examination as a standard ,baso-philic granulocytes within the normal range ,the coincidence rate of samples with both atypical lymphocytes and basophilic granulo-cytes warnings was 64 .9% ,while the coincidence rate of samples with single warning of atypical lymphocytes was 72 .5% .The for-mer was significantly lower than the latter(P<0 .05) .Conclusion When Sysmex XE-5000 indicates atypical lymphocytes and baso-philic granulocytes simultaneously ,there is interference between each other .It should be combined with microscopic examination in order to reduce the probability of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis .

Abstract: Objective　To explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and the risk of gout in Urumqi. Methods　A total of 516 male patients with gout in a third-class hospital in Urumqi from 2015 to 2019 were randomly selected as the gout group and 516 male healthy subjects in the same hospital as the control group. The relevant blood biochemical indexes were examined and analyzed. Blood pressure, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured. Body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio were calculated. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between overweight / obesity, waist-to-hip ratio and the risk of gout. The test level is α = 0.05. Results　Uric acid, glucose, urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, systolic blood pressure, weight and waist circumference in gout group were higher than those in control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); There were no significant differences in age, height and diastolic blood pressure between the two groups (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between BMI and WHR and the occurrence of gout (r=0.272, 0.345, P<0.05). There were significant differences in BMI, WHR and waist circumference between the gout group and the control group（χ2= 55.338, 54.928, 54.153, P<0.05）. After adjusting for age, aerobic exercise and other confounding factors, the results of multi-factor unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio (OR) of gout in patients with BMI of 24.00-27.99 kg/m2 and ≥28.00 kg/m2 was 2.005 (1.337-3.006) and 2.677 (1.668-4.296) times higher than that of patients with normal BMI, respectively. The OR value of gout in patients with WHR≥0.90 was 1.668 times higher than that in patients with normal WHR, and the difference was statistically significant. The results of subgroup analysis according to age are generally similar. Conclusions　The BMI and WHR of man with gout in Urumqi are higher than those of normal people, and BMI, waist circumference and WHR are all associated with the incidence of gout. The risk of gout increases with the increase of BMI and WHR.

Anastomosis, Surgical ; Anastomotic Leak/surgery* ; Drainage ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Suction

Background Nearly over 40 years have elapsed since the original findings of visual cortical plasticity,but none of drug has been found for curing amblyopia effectively. Objective The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of different dose of levodopa on flash visual evoked potential(F-VEP)and morphology of visual cortex cells in monocular deprivation rat and explore the possible mechanism of curing amblyopia.Methods Monocular deprivation model were established by suturing eyelids of 30 2-week-old Sprague Dawley(SD)rats for 4 weeks.The 30 SD rats were then divided into 3 groups randomly and 10 rats for each group.Normal saline.20 ms/kg levodopa,80 ms/kg levodopa were intragastrically administered once per day after modeling respectively for 4 weeks.F-VEP was recorded after establishment of model and administration of drug respectively.The rats were sacrificed and the visual cogex was obtained for histological examination,and TUNEL technique was used to assess the structural change of visual cortex.Results The latency of P1 wave was significantly longer in the deprived eye than the normal eyes(P<0.05).After administration of levodopa,the latent periods of Pl wave in the deprived eye were obviously shortened in comparison with before administration of levodopa in 20 ms/kg and 80 mg/kg levodopa group (P<0.05).The difference values of latent period of P1 wave between before and after administration of drug showed statistically significant change in three groups(P<0.05).No evidently alterations were found in the amplitude differences of N1 P1 and P1 N2 waves among three groups(P>0.05).The number and structure of neurons in contralateral visual cortex of non-deprived eye were normal.However,the numbers of neurons in deprived eye were significantly less and presented the signs of para-apoptosis in normal saline group.In 20 mg/kg levodopa groups,the alterations of number and morphology in neurons of rat visual eogex were slight.TUNEL assay revealed that the numbers of positive neurons in contralateral visual codex of non-deprived eye were 2.20±1.23.while those in deprived eye were 53.7±9.36,27.20 4±5.96 and 10.70±3.23 in normal saline group,20 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg levodopa group respectively,showing a significant difference among them(P>0.05).After usage of levodopa,the numbers of positive neurons was negatively correlated with the difference value of P,latent period of VEP(r=-0.815,P=0.000).Conclusion Levodopa has a therapeutic effect on rat deprived eye,and its possible mechanism is inhibiting the para-apoptosis of neurons and participating in the development and plasticity of visual system.

Background Retinal retinoic acid (RA) plays an important role in the formation of the lensinduced myopia.However,it is not clear how RA transfer the myopic signal to choroid throughout the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) barrier.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) on the barrier of RPE in lens-induced myopic eye of guinea pig.Methods Thirty left eyes of 30 21-dayold clean guinea pigs were randomized into normal control group and the model group.The models of out of focus were induced by covering of-6.00 D concave lens on the left eyes for 15 days.Radius of corneal curvature was measured using corneal curvimeter,and diopeter of the guinea pig was examined by mydriatic optometry.The length of ocular axis was detected by A-sonography.The animals were sacrificed and the retinas of the left eyes were isolated for the culture and passage of RPE cells.The third generation of cells were incubated Millcell-PET microporous film,and atRA at the concentration of 1 × 10-6,1 × 10-7,1 × 10-8 and 1 × 10-9 mol/L was added to the micropore respectively for 12 hours,and the micropores with equal-solvent served as negative control group.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT)colorimetric method was used to detect the survival rate of the cells.Subsequently,the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) of the monolayer cells was determined with CN10-EVOM2 resistance measuring meter.The vesicular transport change of RPE membrane in different groups was evaluated by FM1-43 fluorescence staining.Results The mean diopter was (-2.20±0.95) D in the models,and that in the controls was (+ 1.15 ±0.30) D,with a significant difference between them (t =14.57,P＜ 0.01).The axial length was (8.24 ± 0.09) mm in the models and it was significantly longer than (7.81±0.05) mm in the controls (t=17.20,P＜0.01).RPE cells grew well to form a monolayer in Millcell culture pool after one week.After 24 hours of the atRA treatment,the survival rate of RPE cells reduced gradually with the increase of atRA concentration with the highest rate in the 1 × 10-9 mol/L atRA group (93.3 ％) and followed by the 1 × 10-8 mol/L atRA group (88.2％).More than half of the cells dead in the 1 × 10-6mol/L and 1 × 10-7mol/L atRA groups (53.8％ and 47.1％).Significant differences in the TER value and fluorescence staining intensity of the cells were seen among the various groups (F =43.89,P =0.00 ; F =26.13,P =0.00),with the maximal values in the 1 × 10-8mol/L atRA group.The FM1-43 fluorescence located on the cellular membrane and cytoplasm.Conclusions AtRA can increase the functional state of tight junction and vesicular transport,which regulated the RPE cell barrier in the guinea pig.

OBJECTIVE To explore the risk factors of gas gangrene after open trauma for its early diagnosis and precaution.METHODS The data of 42 patients with gas gangrene after open trauma from Aug 2003 to Aug 2008,were collected.The risk factors of gas gangrene after open trauma had been retrospectively analyzed from the cause of the injuries,the distribution of latent period,wound,systemic symptoms,laboratory examination and treatment.RESULTS Gas gangrene after injury was related with open wounds for various reasons.Latent period of gas gangrene was 24-72 h.Early risk factors of gas gangrene among them mainly included degloved or avulsed skin-injury(100%),musce trauma(100.00%),contaminated wound and retained foreign bodies(95.24%),weak pulse of peripheral artery(95.24%),nervous injury(90.48%),and lower temperature of skin aound the wound(83.33%).There were obviously systemic symptoms in infective stage but in early stage were not.CONCLUSIONS Gas gangrene is extremely rare in injury patients but it is life-threatening.So more attention should be paid to the risk factors in order to decrease the incidence of gas gangrene after trauma.Improving the prognosis of patients;the wounded locations should be effectively treated early so as to improve the prognosis.

Objective:This study investigates the significance of human papilloma virus (HPV) subtype detection in opportunis-tic screening for cervical cancer in Uygur and Han women. Methods:Flow-through hybridization gene chip and thin-prep cytology test were used to detect HPV in cervical cell samples from 1140 females. A total of 428 patients had undergone cervical biopsies through colposcopy. The diagnostic results of the HPV subtype test for cervical lesions were evaluated on the basis of histology. Results:Total HPV infection rate for the 1140 cervical samples was 30.3%. The most common HPV subtypes were HPV16, HPV58, HPV52, HPV18, and HPV45. HPV52 infection rate was higher in Han women than in Uygur women, with statistically significant differences between the two (χ2=8.737, P=0.003). Among these cervical samples, the single HPV infection rate was 22.4%(255/1140), whereas the multiple HPV infection rate was 6.1% (69/1140). The sensitivity and specificity of the HPV subtype test for cervical lesions were 86.4% and 24.5%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 58.5%and 59.3%. Conclusion:HPV infection subtypes in Ugyur and Han women have unique characteristics. Subtype detection is important in opportunistic screening for cervical cancer.

Objective:To detect the expression of oncogene c-myc and explore its role on human aryngeal cancer.Method:The mRNA and of oncogene c-myc levels were detected in human laryngeal cancer tissues and iaryngeal normal tissues by the means of real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry,respectively.Result:Compared with normal laryngeal tissues,the mRNA and protein levels of oncogene c-myc were both upregulated in laryngeal cancer tissues of all differentiation degree(P＜0.05).Moreover,the level of e-myc was inverse correlated with the differentiation degree in human laryngeal cancer tissues.Conclusion:The oncogene c-myc is overexpressed in human laryngeal cancer tissues,and c-myc may play an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of human laryngeal cancer tissues.It may provide a new target for gene therapy of human laryngeal cancer.