Objective To assesment the effect of risk factors at gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods We collected 427 pregnant women who had done 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between September 1st,2012 and April 19th,2013 in Peking University First Hospital,including 74 pregnant women diagnosed as GDM (GDM group) and 353 pregnant women undiagnosed (non-GDM group).Then we conducted a multiple logistic regression to analyze the clinical datas collected from two groups,which included age,pre-pregnancy body weight and body mass index (BMI),body weight during 11-12 weeks pregnancy,body weight during 23-24 weeks pregnancy; and fasting plasma glucose(FPG),triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TCH),high density lipoprotein (H DL),low density lipoprotein (LDL),fasting insulin (FINS),homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) during early pregnancy; and family history of diabetes mellitus.Results (1)There were significant difference in age,pre-pregnancy BMI,and FPG,TG,FINS,HOMA-IR during early pregnancy,and family history of diabetes mellitus between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).(2) The risk factors of GDM that have statistical significance included FPG during early pregnancy (OR:4.03,95 ％ CI:1.62-10.02),family history of diabetes mellitus (OR:3.15,95 ％ CI:1.66-5.99),TG during early pregnancy (OR:2.13,95 ％ CI:1.17-3.87),BMI before pregnancy (OR:1.36,95 ％ CI:1.08-1.70),age ≥ 35 years (OR:1.15,95 ％ CI:1.05-1.26),early pregnancy weight gain (OR:1.20,95％ CI:1.06-1.35),mid pregnancy weight gain (OR:1.28,95％ CI:1.12-1.47),FINS during early pregancy (OR:1.09,95％ CI:1.01-1.17).Conclusions FPG,TG and FINS during early pregnancy,BMI before pregnancy,early and mid pregnancy weight gain,family history of diabetes mellitus and age≥35 years are the indepadent risk factors for GDM.We should pay more attention to FPG and TG during early pregnancy,and put weight management into practise since early pregnancy and try to control pregnancy weight gain within reasonable limits.

Objective:To study the structural changes of upper airway i n the patients with Angle Ⅱ 1 malocclusion treated by orthodontic appliance. Methods:12 patients with Angle Ⅱ 1 malocclusion caused by mout h breathing were treated by rapid maxillary expansion (RME) of splint and Tip-E dge technology, the structure of upper airway was measured before and after trea tment,the data were analyzed. Results:After treatment PNS-Ba,SP P-SPPW,P-T,TB-TPPW,V-LPW,UC-LC and H-C3(hor) increased(P

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression efficiency of exogenous gene mediated by different serotypes of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors in retina, and to compare the expression efficiency of AAV vector and two kinds of promoters commonly used in ophthalmology after transfection into mouse retina, so as to provide the basis for selecting appropriate AAV vector and promoter for gene therapy of retinitis pigmentosa. METHODS: AAV2/2, AAV2/5, AAV2/8 and AAV2/9 were prepared. The C57BL/6J mice were injected subretinally with 1 μL purified AAV vectors (1.00×10¹³ mg/L). Then the mice were killed 2 or 4 weeks after treatment, and the eyes were enucleated for frozen section. The expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) was observed under the confocal microscope. Two kinds of promoters, CMV and CAG, were selectd, and the expression of AAV2/8-GFP-CMV and AAV2/8-GFP-CAG was observed under confocal microscope. RESULTS: No bacterial infection or immune response were seen in the injected mice. 2 weeks after injection, the GFP green fluorescence of AAV2/8 and AAV2/9 in the mouse retina was obvious, which indicated that the GFP green fluorescence of AAV2/8 and AAV2/9 was high after transfection into the mouse retina. In these two serotypes, GFP green fluorescence of AAV2/8 was mainly concentrated in photoreceptor cells while AAV2/8 was expressed in the whole retina, indicating that AAV2/8 was more specific to photoreceptors. Further experiments on AAV2/8 showed that the GFP green fluorescence of the mouse retina was obvious 4 weeks after injection, indicating that the exogenous gene mediated by AAV2/8 could be stably expressed in vivo. For CMV and CAG promoters, CMV promoter was expressed stronger in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)cells, while CAG promoter was stronger in photorecepters. In photorecepters, CAG promoter was expressed almost the same as CMV promoter, while CMV promoter was stronger in RPE cells. CONCLUSION AAV vectors could express transgene robustly in retinal cells; Among several AAV serotypes, AAV2/2 and AAV2/5 showed weaker GFP fluorescence than AAV2/8 and AAV2/9. AAV2/9 showed expression in each layer of the retina including ganglion cells. AAV2/8 was more specific for photoreceptor; CAG promoters had higher specificity for photoreceptors than CMV promoters.
Animals ; Dependovirus/genetics* ; Genetic Vectors ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Retina ; Serogroup ; Transduction, Genetic

The β-Glucuronidase gene (sbGUS) cDNA firstly from Scutellari abaicalensis leaf was cloned by RT-PCR, with GenBank accession number KR364726. The full length cDNA of sbGUS was 1 584 bp with an open reading frame (ORF), encoding an unstable protein with 527 amino acids. The bioinformatic analysis showed that the sbGUS encoding protein had isoelectric point (pI) of 5.55 and a calculated molecular weight about 58.724 8 kDa, with a transmembrane regions and signal peptide, had conserved domains of glycoside hydrolase super family and unintegrated trans-glycosidase catalytic structure. In the secondary structure, the percentage of alpha helix, extended strand, β-extended and random coil were 25.62%, 28.84%, 13.28% and 32.26%, respectively. The homologous analysis indicated the nucleotide sequence 98.93% similarity and the amino acid sequence 98.29% similarity with S. baicalensis (BAA97804.1), in the nine positions were different. The expression level of sGUS was the highest in root based on a real-time PCR analysis, followed by flower and stem, and the lowest was in stem. The results provide a foundation for exploring the molecular function of sbGUS involved in baicalcin biosynthesis based on synthetic biology approach in S. baicalensis plants.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Computational Biology ; Glucuronidase ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; chemistry ; enzymology ; genetics ; Sequence Alignment

This study aimed to construct full-length cDNA clones of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). SA14-14-2 strain and discuss the feasibility of constructing chimeric viruses for exogenous gene expression based on the JEV genetic skeleton. Long-fragment RT-PCR techniques were applied to amplify JEV cD-NAs, and two amplified fragments with corresponding restriction endonuclease sites at both ends were cloned into the pACYC184 vector sequentially. Using standard molecular techniques, the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene was inserted into the 3' non-coding region of JEV as a reporter gene. After in vitro transcription and transfection procedures, wild-type JEV and chimeric JEV that expressed the EGFP as the reporter gene were successfully rescued. The recovered viruses were characterized by RT-PCR, plaque assays, and direct fluorescence microscopy. After six serial passage generations, the stability of the recovered viruses were studied in terms of virus growth characteristics and structural gene expression. The results showed that cDNA clones of rJEV and rJEV-EGFP were successfully constructed and rescued in BHK-21 cells after in vitro transcription and transfection. Each generation of the recovered viruses was stable and the chimeric virus rJEV-EGFP could stably express EGFP. The findings of this study indicate that both rJEV and rJEV-EGFP could be constructed and rescued in BHK-21 cells, and the JEV SA14-14-2 strain could be obtained as a viral vector to express foreign genes.
Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; metabolism ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; genetics ; metabolism ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; virology ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; genetics ; metabolism ; Viral Vaccines ; genetics ; metabolism

Morus alba L. (mulberry) is a well-known deciduous tree, belonging to the genus of Morus of Moraceae famlily. Its leaves, twigs, roots (bark) and fruits are widely used in the traditional Chinese medicine. The active constituents of mulberry contained flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, coumarins, with the significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antihypertension, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-tumor and immunomodulatory activities. This review summarized the research progress of the major pharmacological activity, pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interaction based on CYPs and transporters of mulberry and its active constituents.
Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Coumarins ; pharmacology ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Herb-Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Morus ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Steroids ; pharmacology

BACKGROUND: Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCl), but the mechanisms involved remain unclear.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of MSCs transplantation on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) in rats after SCl.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomized, controlled, animal experiment. The study was performed at the Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, China Medical University from April to July 2003.MATERIALS: A total of 64 SD rats, aged 3 months, of either gender, weighing 250-300 g, were used. Of them, 4 were randomly selected to isolate and culture MSCs, and the remaining were used to establish SCl models.METHODS: The 60 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Seven days after SCl, MSCs group (n=24) was transplanted with 5 μL culture solution containing 1×109/L MSCs to the injury site using micro-injection; PBS group (n=24) was transplanted with 5μ L PBS, and the blank control group (n=12) with 5μ L normal saline.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The rats were sacrificed at 7, 14, and 28 days post-surgery. MSCs morphology was observed and the expression of BDNF at the lesion areas was examined by immunohistochemistry,RESULTS: All 60 rats were included in the final analysis. After ten subcultures, the cell proliferative capacity was reduced, and cell body turned to flat; the MSCs protiferation and morphous could be maintained by adding basic fibroblast growth factor.Transplantation of MSCs enhanced the expression of BDNF compared with PBS and blank control groups at 7, 14, and 28 days post-surgery (P ＜ 0.05); white no significant difference was found between PBS and blank control groups (P ＞ 0.05).

Objective:To explore the relationship between college students' online game addiction tendency and learning burnout,and find the differences between online game addicts and other types of addicts.Method:With the Learning Burnout Scale,revised Chinese Internet Addiction Scale's Revision,Questionnaire of Internet Addiction Tendency,and 420 college Students as the subjects,analysis of correlation and stepwise regression analysis were employed to analyze the related factors of learning burnout.Result:There were significant difference in the gender(?2=21.855,P

Objective To observe the inhibitory role of valproic acid(VPA) in hypertrophic cardiomycytes induced by angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ)in rats.Methods The cultured rat cardiomyocytes were divided randomly into control group,hypertrophic group and VPA group.They were treated with AngⅡ to induce hypertrophy and then given with VPA.The morphologic changes of cardiomyocytes were observed under the contrast phase microscope and electron microscope.The mRNA levels of ?-MHC were exmained by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) method.The protein expression of C-FOS was exmanined by immunohistochemistry method.ResultsStimulated by AngⅡ,the cardiomyocytes were enlarged under the contrast phase microscope and the ultrastructure also changed.After stimulated by AngⅡ,the mRNA level of ?-MHC and the protein expression of C-FOS increased in the hypertrophic cardiocytes.Given by VPA,these data decreased accordingly.Conclusion VPA may inhibit the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by angiotensin Ⅱ in some degree.

Objective To explore the influence of fenofibrate on apoptosis of human renal proximal tubular cells(HK?2)induced by free fatty acid (FFAs). Methods Methyl azo thiazole blue(determined by MTT)was applied for detection of HK?2 cell proliferation capacity;Spectrophotometry was used to determine the expression of MDA and SOD;MCP?1 and IL?8 in culture supernatant of cells were detected by ELISA;Real?time PCR and Western blot were used to evaluate mRNA and protein expression of Bax and Bcl?2 respectively. Results FFAs inhibited HK?2 cell prolifera?tion in a dose and time dependence. mRNA and protein expression of Bax significantly increased compared with control,but mRNA and protein ex?pression of Bcl?2 decreased. After preincubation of fenofibrate,the inhibition of HK?2 cell proliferation by FFAs was alleviated;expression of SOD increased and expression of MDA,MCP?1 and IL?8 were decreased;mRNA and protein expression of Bax was significantly decreased,but mRNA and protein expression of Bcl?2 was increased. Conclusion FFAs can induce apoptosis of renal proximal tubular cell in a dose and time dependent manner. Fenofibrate can inhibite HK?2 cell apoptosis by decreasing oxidative stress,inhibiting inflammation,up?regulating expression of Bcl?2 and down?regulating expression of Bax,which alleviated nephrotoxicity of FFAs.