Objective To evaluate the contrast enhanced CT manifestations of lymphoma involving cervical lymph node and to compare with features of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. Methods CT findings of cervical lymph node were reviewed in 56 patients (male 44, female 12; age: 9-75 year, median 42 year) with untreated lymphoma and 66 patients (male 51, female 15; age: 16-76 year, median 48 year) with squamous cell carcinoma. Four patterns of enhanced nodes were identified: Type I: homogeneous enhancement with an attenuation equal or similar to that of muscle. Type Ⅱ: heterogeneous enhancement with an attenuation much higher than that of muscle. Type Ⅲ: central low density with peripheral enhancement. The enhanced rim was thick and irregular (ⅢA), or thin and regular (ⅢB). Type Ⅳ: central soft tissue density with a very thin enhanced capsule. Results There were various manifestations of cervical nodes of malignant lymphoma, more than one type of abnormalities could be found simultaneously. Type I(47/56, 83.9%) and Type Ⅳ(15/56, 26 8%) were almost exclusively found in lymphoma. Type Ⅱ was more commonly seen in squamous cell carcinoma (31/66, 47%), but was rarely seen in lymphoma (8/56, 14 3%). Type Ⅲ can be seen in both of these disease entities (lymphoma 21/56, 37 5%; squamous cell carcinoma 52/66, 78 8%) , but was more common in squamous cell carcinoma ( P

Objective To explore the role of CGRP and progesterone along with it on the etiopathology of PIH. Methods 8 specimens of umbilical vein endothelial cells from women with PIH were cultured. Four groups were divided when cultured cells were confluent: the sera of normal pregnancy women (group 1), the sera of women with PIH (group2), the mixture of the sera of women with PIH and the injection of progesterone (group3), and the same amount of media (group 4). The cultured cell were added respectively into the four different kinds of media. After 24h of incubation, the concentration of endothelin (ET) and CGRP in media were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results 1. Comparing with group1, the concentration of CGRP in group 2 decreased and ET increased significantly. Statistic difference of ET/CGRP was found between the two groups. 2. Comparing with group 1, the concentration of CGRP in group 3 was unchanged and ET increased obviously. No difference of ET/CGRP was shown between them. 3. Comparing with group 3, in group 2, the concentration of CGRP decreased obviously and that of ET unchanged. Significant difference of ET/CGRP was found. Conclusions Progesterone, along with CGRP, might delay the onset and progressing of PIH.

The degradation of nitrobenzene(NB) using a combination of Fe0 and anaerobic microorganism was studied. Nitrobenzene could be degraded effectively and the synergistic effect between Fe0 and anaerobic microorganism was apparent,and the nitrobenzene removal efficiency increased with the increasing of Fe0;the optimum pH was 5.0～6.0;as cometabolizing substrate,glucose could promote the degradation of nitrobenzene;In case of high concentration of Fe2+ and Fe3+,the anaerobic biodegradation activity of nitrobenzene were inhibited in a certain degree;0.5 mg/L Fe2+ and Fe3+ were the optimum to accelerate biodegradation rate of nitrobenzene; the degradation kinetics of nitrobenzene were followed by first-order reaction, reaction rate constant reduced along with the concentration of nitrobenzene increased.

Objective To study the effect of basiliximab,an anti-IL-2R monoclonal antibody,on the prevention of acute rejection and promoting graft survival in renal allograft recipients.Methods Published literature regarding the effects of basiliximab used for the prevention of acute rejection and promoting renal graft survival was reviewed,and Meta analysis was employed to analyze the results.Odds ratio(OR)and its 95% confidence interval(95%CI)were used as the parameters to evaluate the therapeutic effects.The statistical analyses were performed with RevMan 4.2 software.Results A total of 13 pertinent research articles were reviewed,including 2 papers written by Chinese authors and 11 by foreign authors.Meta-analysis of pooled results indicated that basiliximab prevented the recipients of kidney transplantation from acute rejection effectively with half-year prevention of OR 0.49 and 95%CI 0.28-0.87(P=0.01),and one-year prevention of OR 0.48,95%CI 0.35-0.65(P

Objective To investigate the effect of nano-?-linolenic acid on the expression of cathepsin B(CB) in mice with viral myocarditis(VM).Methods Eighty male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group,myocarditis group,low-dose intervention group and high-dose intervention group,each group had 20 mice.Mice in control group were inoculated introperitoneally with eagle′s solution,every mouse in the last 3 groups was treated with 0.1 mL Coxsackie B3 virus(CVB3) intraperitoneally.Then,mice in low-dose intervention group and high-dose intervention group were treated with 60 mg?kg-1and 180 mg?kg-1 nano-?-linolenic acid solution for 7 days,respectively.Mice in control group and myocarditis group were treated with 9 g?L-1 saline for 7 days.All mice were killed on the 15th day,and the specimens of hearts and serum were conserved.Myocardial histopathology was determined with hematoxylin and eosin stain.The expression levels of myocardial CB mRNA were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Serum CB concentration was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The mortality rate was 0,45%,30% and 20% in control group,myocarditis group,low-dose intervention group and high-dose intervention group,respectively;the mortality rate was significantly lower in high-dose intervention group compared with myocarditis group(P0.05).The expression level of CB mRNA and serum CB concentration were markedly higher in myocarditis group than those in control group(Pa

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the leading cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide.There is no vaccine to prevent HCV infection.Current standard of care (SOC) for hepatitis C is pegylated interferon-α (pegIFN-α) in combination with ribavirin (RBV).However,the efficacy of pegIFN-α and RBV combination therapy is less than 50％ for genotype 1 HCV,which is the dominant virus in human.Additionally,IFN and RBV are highly toxic,causing severe side effects.Therefore,it is urgent to develop safer and more efficacious anti-HCV drugs.Over the last decade,a number of HCV-specific inhibitors have been discovered with many of them reached to late stages of clinical trials.Recently,2 HCV NS3 protease inhibitors,telaprevir and boceprevir,have been approved by the Unite States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).This opens up a new era for anti-HCV therapy.Several new classes of antiviral drugs targeting HCV NS3 protease,NS5A and NSSB RNA-dependence RNA polymerase (RdRp) are currently at various stages of preclinical and clinical studies.Upon approval of more NS3 protease,NS5A and NS5B polymerase inhibitors,future clinical studies will lead to optimal combination therapies which will have desirable parameters such as IFN-free,higher efficacy,safe,one daily dose and short duration.

BacKground:RectaI carcinoid is a rareIy seen neuroendocrine tumor. TiII now,there is controversiaI for the treatment modaIities of rectaI carcinoids with diameter between 1-2 cm. Aims:To study the expression of Ki-67 in rectaI carcinoids and the efficacy and safety of endoscopic resection. Methods:A totaI of 83 rectaI carcinoid patients with tumor diameter Iess than 1. 5 cm were enroIIed. AII patients were pathoIogicaIIy diagnosed and underwent endoscopic mucosaI resection from Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2013 at Chongqing Three Gorges CentraI HospitaI and Wuhan Tongji HospitaI. The medicaI records were retrospectiveIy reviewed and expression of Ki-67 in tumor tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results:AII patients underwent preoperative endoscopic uItrasonography. Tumors were Iimited to mucosa or submucosa, and no muscuIaris propria invoIvement or metastasis was seen. The mean foIIow-up duration was 38 months,and no recurrence or metastasis occurred. Ki-67 was IowIy expressed in aII rectaI carcinoids(0. 84% ± 0. 67%). When tumors were grouped by size,no significant differences in gender,age,tumor site and Ki-67 expression IeveI were seen between <1. 0 cm group and 1. 0-1. 5 cm group(P >0. 05). Furthermore,when tumors were grouped by a cutoff vaIue of mean Ki-67 index 0. 84%,differences in cIinicopathoIogicaI parameters between the two groups were not significant either( P >0. 05 ). Conclusions:Ki-67 is IowIy expressed in rectaI carcinoids Iess than 1. 5 cm in diameter enroIIed in this study,which denoted an inactive proIiferation. For rectaI carcinoids with diameter Iess than 1. 5 cm,with Iow Ki-67 expression and without muscuIaris propria invoIvement and metastasis, IocaI endoscopic excision is an effective and safe treatment modaIity.

Objective To explore the effect of surface electromyographic biofeedback (SEMG-BFT) combined with electrical stimulation on the swallowing function of stroke survivors with dysphagia,and to evaluate the electromyographic activity of the submental muscles in swallowing various foods so as to provide a basis for future rehabilitation of such patients.Methods Sixty patients were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,each of 28.Both groups were given low-frequency electrical stimulation and conventional swallowing training.The treatment group was additionally provided with SEMG-BFT.Before the treatment as well as after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment,the swallowing function of both groups was evaluated using the Kubota drinking water test (KDWT) and a Gugging swallowing screen (GUSS).Surface electromyographs of the submental muscles were recorded during empty swallowing,swallowing 10 ml of dilute liquid and swallowing 10 ml of paste.Results After two and four weeks of treatment,the average KDWT and GUSS scores of both groups had improved significantly,but that of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group at each time point.After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment,significant differences were found in swallowing duration and the average amplitude of the sEMGs compared with before the treatment in both groups.The difference between the groups was significant at each time point.Conclusions SEMG-BFT combined with electrical stimulation can significantly improve swallowing function.Paste food can be used safely in the early evaluation and treatment of swallowing dysfunction.

Objective To investigate the inactivating effect of heat and ultraviolet(UV) light on HCV JFH-1 strain using the cell culture system. Methods The HCV JFH-1 virus stock, with an initial titer of 2.5 × 104 FFU/ml, was exposed in 56℃ water bath or to UV light for varying durations of time for explo-ring their inactivating effects on the virus. The kinetics of virus titer reduction was determined by an indirect immuno-fluorescence assay (IFA). If the cells infected with the exposed virus stock were IFA negative after three blind passages, the virus stock was considered to be inactivated completely. Results After incubation of the HCV JFH-1 virus stock (2.5 × 104 FFU/ml)in 56℃ water bath for 10 min, 20 min and 30 min, the virus titers were reduced to 1.6 × 103 FFU/ml, 3.1 × 102 FFU/ml and 3.3 × 10 FFU/ml, respectively. The exposure of the virus stock to UV light (wavelength 253.7 nm, intensity ≥60 μW/cm2, 30 cm below the UV lamp) for 15 s, 30 s and 45 s resulted in virus fiter reduction to 1.0 × 103 FFU/ml, 1.1 × 102 FFU/ml and 2.7 × 10 FFU/ml, respectively. After 40 min incubation of the virus stock at 56℃, or 1 min exposure to UV light (wavelength 253.7 nm, intensity ≥60 μW/cm2) the virus infectious titer was reduced below the detection limit of IFA, and the IFA was still negative even after three blind passages, indicating that the virus was inactivated completely. Conclusion HCV is sensitive to heat and UV light treatment. For HCV JFH-1 virus stock containing 2.5 × 104 FFU/ml virus, heat treatment at 56℃ for 40 min, or UV light expo-sure at an intensity of ≥60 μW/cm2 for 1 min, resulting in complete virus inactivation.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the development of managerial psychology so as to solve culture, managerial system and peculiar problems at the transitional phase.DATA SOURCES: By using CNKI and PSYCINFO database, we searched literature on organization and managerial psychology in the past 20 years. We also collected the authors' research papers related to this area in the recent years.DATA SELECTION: We selected 24 research articles on organizational reforms, leadership behavior, motivation mechanism and organizational culture.DATA EXTRACTION: Seventeen out of the 24 articles were excluded because they overlapped with each other in content to some extent. Therefore,this article reviewed the other 7.DATA SYNTHESIS: On the basis of comprehensive analysis of development of managerial psychology at home and abroad, this article predicts the newly emerging hot issues and trend of research on managerial psychology, and further puts forward the short-term and long-term development goals of managerial psychology research.CONCLUSION: Paying attention to research on organization-level changes,accentuating on the systematic exploitation of human resources, continuously expanding research field and giving more concern for the national goals are the development trend of managerial psychology.