Objective To evaluate the contrast enhanced CT manifestations of lymphoma involving cervical lymph node and to compare with features of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. Methods CT findings of cervical lymph node were reviewed in 56 patients (male 44, female 12; age: 9-75 year, median 42 year) with untreated lymphoma and 66 patients (male 51, female 15; age: 16-76 year, median 48 year) with squamous cell carcinoma. Four patterns of enhanced nodes were identified: Type I: homogeneous enhancement with an attenuation equal or similar to that of muscle. Type Ⅱ: heterogeneous enhancement with an attenuation much higher than that of muscle. Type Ⅲ: central low density with peripheral enhancement. The enhanced rim was thick and irregular (ⅢA), or thin and regular (ⅢB). Type Ⅳ: central soft tissue density with a very thin enhanced capsule. Results There were various manifestations of cervical nodes of malignant lymphoma, more than one type of abnormalities could be found simultaneously. Type I(47/56, 83.9%) and Type Ⅳ(15/56, 26 8%) were almost exclusively found in lymphoma. Type Ⅱ was more commonly seen in squamous cell carcinoma (31/66, 47%), but was rarely seen in lymphoma (8/56, 14 3%). Type Ⅲ can be seen in both of these disease entities (lymphoma 21/56, 37 5%; squamous cell carcinoma 52/66, 78 8%) , but was more common in squamous cell carcinoma ( P

Objective To explore the role of CGRP and progesterone along with it on the etiopathology of PIH. Methods 8 specimens of umbilical vein endothelial cells from women with PIH were cultured. Four groups were divided when cultured cells were confluent: the sera of normal pregnancy women (group 1), the sera of women with PIH (group2), the mixture of the sera of women with PIH and the injection of progesterone (group3), and the same amount of media (group 4). The cultured cell were added respectively into the four different kinds of media. After 24h of incubation, the concentration of endothelin (ET) and CGRP in media were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results 1. Comparing with group1, the concentration of CGRP in group 2 decreased and ET increased significantly. Statistic difference of ET/CGRP was found between the two groups. 2. Comparing with group 1, the concentration of CGRP in group 3 was unchanged and ET increased obviously. No difference of ET/CGRP was shown between them. 3. Comparing with group 3, in group 2, the concentration of CGRP decreased obviously and that of ET unchanged. Significant difference of ET/CGRP was found. Conclusions Progesterone, along with CGRP, might delay the onset and progressing of PIH.

The degradation of nitrobenzene(NB) using a combination of Fe0 and anaerobic microorganism was studied. Nitrobenzene could be degraded effectively and the synergistic effect between Fe0 and anaerobic microorganism was apparent,and the nitrobenzene removal efficiency increased with the increasing of Fe0;the optimum pH was 5.0～6.0;as cometabolizing substrate,glucose could promote the degradation of nitrobenzene;In case of high concentration of Fe2+ and Fe3+,the anaerobic biodegradation activity of nitrobenzene were inhibited in a certain degree;0.5 mg/L Fe2+ and Fe3+ were the optimum to accelerate biodegradation rate of nitrobenzene; the degradation kinetics of nitrobenzene were followed by first-order reaction, reaction rate constant reduced along with the concentration of nitrobenzene increased.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the leading cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide.There is no vaccine to prevent HCV infection.Current standard of care (SOC) for hepatitis C is pegylated interferon-α (pegIFN-α) in combination with ribavirin (RBV).However,the efficacy of pegIFN-α and RBV combination therapy is less than 50％ for genotype 1 HCV,which is the dominant virus in human.Additionally,IFN and RBV are highly toxic,causing severe side effects.Therefore,it is urgent to develop safer and more efficacious anti-HCV drugs.Over the last decade,a number of HCV-specific inhibitors have been discovered with many of them reached to late stages of clinical trials.Recently,2 HCV NS3 protease inhibitors,telaprevir and boceprevir,have been approved by the Unite States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).This opens up a new era for anti-HCV therapy.Several new classes of antiviral drugs targeting HCV NS3 protease,NS5A and NSSB RNA-dependence RNA polymerase (RdRp) are currently at various stages of preclinical and clinical studies.Upon approval of more NS3 protease,NS5A and NS5B polymerase inhibitors,future clinical studies will lead to optimal combination therapies which will have desirable parameters such as IFN-free,higher efficacy,safe,one daily dose and short duration.

BacKground:RectaI carcinoid is a rareIy seen neuroendocrine tumor. TiII now,there is controversiaI for the treatment modaIities of rectaI carcinoids with diameter between 1-2 cm. Aims:To study the expression of Ki-67 in rectaI carcinoids and the efficacy and safety of endoscopic resection. Methods:A totaI of 83 rectaI carcinoid patients with tumor diameter Iess than 1. 5 cm were enroIIed. AII patients were pathoIogicaIIy diagnosed and underwent endoscopic mucosaI resection from Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2013 at Chongqing Three Gorges CentraI HospitaI and Wuhan Tongji HospitaI. The medicaI records were retrospectiveIy reviewed and expression of Ki-67 in tumor tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results:AII patients underwent preoperative endoscopic uItrasonography. Tumors were Iimited to mucosa or submucosa, and no muscuIaris propria invoIvement or metastasis was seen. The mean foIIow-up duration was 38 months,and no recurrence or metastasis occurred. Ki-67 was IowIy expressed in aII rectaI carcinoids(0. 84% ± 0. 67%). When tumors were grouped by size,no significant differences in gender,age,tumor site and Ki-67 expression IeveI were seen between <1. 0 cm group and 1. 0-1. 5 cm group(P >0. 05). Furthermore,when tumors were grouped by a cutoff vaIue of mean Ki-67 index 0. 84%,differences in cIinicopathoIogicaI parameters between the two groups were not significant either( P >0. 05 ). Conclusions:Ki-67 is IowIy expressed in rectaI carcinoids Iess than 1. 5 cm in diameter enroIIed in this study,which denoted an inactive proIiferation. For rectaI carcinoids with diameter Iess than 1. 5 cm,with Iow Ki-67 expression and without muscuIaris propria invoIvement and metastasis, IocaI endoscopic excision is an effective and safe treatment modaIity.

Data were analyzed from self-filled questionnaires for the students who took the elective course of general practice in China Medical University. 95.5% of students thought it was necessary to study general practice in the college. 0-10 was used to score the degree of how they want to choose general practice as a career, the median was 0 before they had the class and the median was 5 after the class (Wilcoxon rank test, P<0.01). But there were still some places need to be improved in terms of curriculum design, teaching methods and community practice. The General Practice teaching need to be innovated and the teaching mode should be different from the traditional one.

Objective To evaluate the relationship of biological status of HPV 16 and expression of L1 protein with the degree of cervical tumorigenesis.Methods Sixty-one patients with cervical lessions were enrolled and divided into five groups according to pathology of cervical lesions,including chronic cervicitis(n = 27),cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) Ⅰ-Ⅱ(n = 10),carcinoma in situ(n = 8),early-stage(n =7)and mid/late-stage(n = 9)of cervical carcinoma.HPV type and its biological status were detected by PCR amplification,and L1 protein in HPV 16 positive tissues was detected by Western blot.Kruskal-Wallis was used to compare between the groups,and Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship of HPV biological status and L1 protain expression with cervical lesions.ResultsFifty-three out of 61 patients with cervical lesions were detected with HPV positive(86.9%).All 25 patients with chronic cervicitis were in HPV free mode; in CIN Ⅰ-Ⅱ group,6 patients were in free and 2 in integral mode; in carcinoma in situ group,1 patient in free,3 in mixed and 3 in integral mode; in the early-stage cervical cancer group,2 patients in mixed and 4 in integral mode; in mid/late-stage cancer group,1 patient in mixed and 6 in integral mode.A strong positive correlation was found between the HPV in integral mode and the severity of cervical lesions(r = 0.705,P ＜0.01).The expression of L1 protein was negatively correlated with the aggravation of cervical lesions in HPV 16-positive patients(r = -0.755,P ＜0.01).Conclusion The integral mode of HPV16 and low expression of L1 protein may have predictive value for the severity of cervical lesions.

Objective To study the effect of basiliximab,an anti-IL-2R monoclonal antibody,on the prevention of acute rejection and promoting graft survival in renal allograft recipients.Methods Published literature regarding the effects of basiliximab used for the prevention of acute rejection and promoting renal graft survival was reviewed,and Meta analysis was employed to analyze the results.Odds ratio(OR)and its 95% confidence interval(95%CI)were used as the parameters to evaluate the therapeutic effects.The statistical analyses were performed with RevMan 4.2 software.Results A total of 13 pertinent research articles were reviewed,including 2 papers written by Chinese authors and 11 by foreign authors.Meta-analysis of pooled results indicated that basiliximab prevented the recipients of kidney transplantation from acute rejection effectively with half-year prevention of OR 0.49 and 95%CI 0.28-0.87(P=0.01),and one-year prevention of OR 0.48,95%CI 0.35-0.65(P

There are problems in traditional medical education in China. It is important to cultivate medical talents who are adaptable to social changes and medical advancement. However, the scientific quality and innovative medical students have long been neglected. This paper discussed the essence of scientific quality and innovative talents, and introduced the experience of the program of "long term clinical medicine education" at Peking University Health Science Center. We here delineateded the key points of the scientific quality and innovation education that may provide new ideas for the training of the medical talents.

Objective To Study the effect of Gross Saponins of Tribulus Terrestris on active potential and potassium current of ischemic cardiocytes in guinea pigs,and approach its initial anti-arrhythmia effect and mechanism.Methods The cardiocytes of adult guinea pigs were isolated and hypoxia models were set up,the effects of injected GSTT on the cellular membrane active potential and electricity flow of potassium channel were recorded with whole cell patchclamp system.Results Compared with model group,the active plateau period(50% and 90%) of myocytes in GSTT 30 mg?L-1 group prolonged(P