Smoking and exposure to second hand smoke are the deadly killer of human health. Tobacco kills more than one million people each year in China. According to 2015 Chinese adult tobacco survey, the number of smokers in China increased by 15 million during five years, from 301 million in 2010 to 316 million in 2015. Smoking addiction is a chronic recurrent disease, and its pathogenesis is associated with the mesolimbic dopamine system. In recent years, domestic and overseas scholars studied the brain function of smoking addicts through resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and found that the brain functional activity of smoking addicts has changed. fMRI can help us understand the mechanism of tobacco dependence, and provide the evidence of diagnosis, treatment and health management of tobacco dependence. In this paper, the present study situation and the application in the field of the treatment and management of smoking cessation of fMRI in smoking addicts are reviewed.

Objective To evaluate the effect of rediological intervention on thrombotic membranous obstructive Budd-Chiari syndrome(TMOB-CS) .Methods Seventeen cases of TMOB-CS were treated with mutliple stent inplantation to press the thrombus with PTA.Results The inferior vena cave(IVC) pressure declined from(29.4?3.13)cm H 2 O to (3.45?3.20)cm H 2 O after the multiple stent inplantation.There was no severe complication such as pulmonary thrombembolism occurrence in this series.All the patients had been followedup for 3 to 40 months and showed good results.Conclusion Multiple stent inplantation pressing the thrombus with PTA can be used to treat the patients with TMOB-CS.

The sequences of ITS, matK, rbcL and psbA-trnH of 9 Gynostemma species or variety including 38 samples were compared and analyzed by molecular phylogeny method. Hemsleya macrosperma was designated as outgroup. The MP and NJ phylogenetic tree of Gynostemma was built based on ITS sequence, the results of PAUP phylogenetic analysis showed the following results: (1) The eight individuals of G. pentaphyllum var. pentaphyllum were not supported as monophyletic in the strict consensus trees and NJ trees. (2) It is suspected whether G. longipes and G. laxum should be classified as the independent species. (3)The classification of subgenus units of Gynostemma plants is supported.
Gynostemma ; classification ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

This study analysed the tissue specific expression of critical genes involved in chlorogenic acid and luteolin biosynthesis, for exploiting the molecular mechanism of components biosynthesis in Lonicera confusa. Expression of PAL, 4CL, C4H, CHS, CHI, FNS and HQT gene families of chlorogenic acid and luteolin biosynthesis-related genes in buds and leaves of L. confusa were analyed by Real-time PCR. Expressions of PAL1, C4H1, 4CL1, CHS1, CHI3 and HQT2 in buds were lower than that in leaves, and expressions of PAL3, 4CL2, CHI2 and FNS2 in buds were higher than that in leaves. The results indicated that that PAL3 and 4CL2 may be associated with accumulation of chlorogenic acid, and the expression patterns of PAL1, CHS1, CHI3 and HQT2 in buds and leaves of L. confusa were different with L. japonica. This study provided some theoretical basis for the further research on genetic mechanism of active components differences in L. confusa and L. japonica.
Biosynthetic Pathways ; Chlorogenic Acid ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Lonicera ; genetics ; metabolism ; Luteolin ; biosynthesis ; Multigene Family ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To observe the effect of evidence-based nursing on improvement of preoperative fears and perioperative quality of life in patients undergoing general surgery. Methods 160 cases of general surgery patients in our hospital from September 2009 to September 2010 were chosen as the research object.The 160 cases were divided into the control group and the observation group with 80 cases in each group.The control group was taken with perioperative routine care.The observation group was given evidence-based nursing.The preoperative fear score (FAVS),perioperative quality of life (QOL)score and treatment compliance for the two groups were compared. Results The fear scores for the two groups of patients before treatment were compared.The score in the observation group was significantly lower than the control group,the difference was significant.The scores of preoperative and postnperative quality of life for the two groups were compared.The patients of the observation group were significantly higher than the patients of the control group,the difference between the two groups was significant.The treatment compliance of the observation group was better than that of the control group. Conclusions The evidence- based nursing model can improve preoperative fears and perioperative quality of Wife of patients undergoing general surgery,improve patients' treatment compliance,and promote the success of operation and recovery of patients.It is worthy of clinical application.

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Background Refractive lens exchange is one of corrective surgeries for high myopic eyes and is concerned in clinic recently. Its clinical value is worthy of consideration. Objective This study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of refractive lens exchange for high myopic eyes. Methods Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation was performed on 124 eyes of 65 patients with high myopia. The mean age of these patients was 51. 4±8. 57 years old,and the preoperative corrected visual acuity was 4. 11±0. 51. The mean spherical equivalent was ( -20. 17±5. 34) D. The mean axial length was (31. 33±2. 08) mm and intraocular lens power 2. 88 D. The follow-up time was 31 months. The uncorrective visual acuity, best corrective visual acuity, the spherical equivalent lens and complications were observed after operation. Written informed consent was obtained prior to the surgery. Results The uncorrective visual acuity improved after the operation in all the eyes. The uncorrective visual acuity was ≥0.5 in 15 eyes(12% ). The best corrected visual acuity improved in 114 eyes (92% ) following the surgery and that of 64 eyes (51. 6% ) was 2s 0. 5. The mean postoperative spherical equivalent was ( -2. 57 ± 1. 76 ) D in the entire follow-up duration. Posterior capsular opacification was found in 58 eyes (46. 7% ) and received laser capsulotomy. Retinal detachment occurred in 4 eyes throughout the follow-up period. Conclusion Refractive lens exchange is an effective and safe method for high myopic eyes. But preoperative fundus examination and long-term postoperative follow-up should be carried out to prevent the complications.

AIM To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of saikosaponin a,saikosaponin c,saikosaponin d,rutin,quercetin,isorhmnetin and kaempferol in the aerial and underground parts of “Zhongchai No.2” (Bupleurum chinense DC.from Sichuan Province).METHODS The analysis of “Zhongchai No.2” methanol extract was performed on a 30 ℃ thermostatic Hypersil GOLD column (250 mm × 4.6mm,5.0 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-0.1％ phosphoric acid flowing at 0.8 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 210 nm.RESULTS Seven constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (r≥0.999 1),whose average recoveries were 96.30％-102.7％ with the RSDs of 0.95％-3.8％.There were a lot of flavonoids in the aerial parts of samples,while a large number of saponins existed in the underground parts,but almost no flavonoids were found.CONCLUSION The aerial parts (stems and leaves) of “Zhongchai No.2” also have medicinal value,to which we should pay attention.

Objective To investigate the role of electromyography(EMG) in diagnosis of nervous system diseases in children.(Met)-hods EMG tests were carried out in 354 patients with nervous system diseases,and the data and results of EMG tests were analyzed.Results One hundred and sixty-six patients′ results of EMG were abnormal.Among these abnormalities,36 cases were myogenic,47 cases were neurogenic,abnormalities of 69 cases were located in peripheral nerves,3 cases got positive in repetitive nerve stimulation(RNS),and 11 cases were on the borderline.In 36 myogenic patients,clinical diagnosis were as follow: progressive muscular dystrophy(PMD,18 cases),polymyositis(2 cases),mitochondrial encephalomyopathy(1 case), and the other 15 cases had no definite diagnosis.In 47 neurogenic patients,the diagnosis were spinal muscular atrophy(SMA,29 cases),sequela of poliomyelitis(2 cases),acute transverse myelitis(ATM,4 cases),and the other 12 patients had no definite diagnosis.In 69 cases of peripheral nerve abnormality,diagnosis were injury of brachial nerve(23 cases),hereditary motor sensory neuropathy(HMSN,2 cases),Guillain-Barre syndrome(GBS,9(ca)-ses),chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy(CIDP,1 case),injury of facial nerve(4 cases),injury of common(pe)-roneal nerve(6 cases),metachromatic leukodystrophy(MLD,1 case),and the other 23 patients had no definite diagnosis.Three patients who got RNS positive were all diagnosed myasthenia gravis(MG),and ocular type(1 case),general type(2 cases).Eleven patients whose EMG results were borderline were all diagnosed indefinitely.One hundred and eighty-eight patients had normal results of EMG test.The diagnosis of these patients were included ocular MG(21 cases),cerebral palsy(CP,5 cases),ATM(2 cases),polymyositis((1 case)),and some other nervous system diseases(21 cases),and the other 138 were diagnosed indefinitely.Conclusions 1.EMG plays an important role in definite diagnosis of PMD,SMA,poliomyelitis and nerve injury;2.EMG can provide clue or basis in the differential(dia)gnosis of nervous system diseases which involved lower motor unit;3.EMG test has very low positive results in children with MG;(4.EMG) has little help in diagnosis of diseases involved upper motor unit only.