Objective: To extract and identify the chemical constituents in the roots and stems of Tabernaemontana divaricata. Methods: The solvent extraction and silica column chromatography were used to separate the chemical constituents, and their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectra analysis. Results: Six compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as his (2, 3-dihydroxypropyl) octacosanedioate (1), tetratriacontanol (2), palmitic acid (3), glycerol monopalmitatel (4), β-sitosterol (5), and β-daucosterol (6). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new glyceroesters: compounds 2,3 and 4 are isolated from Tabernaemontana genus for the first time.

Objective: To extract and identify the chemical constituents in the roots and stems of Tabernaemontana divaricata. Methods: The solvent extraction approach and silica column chromatography were used for separation of the chemical constituents, and their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectra analysis. Results: Seven compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as α-amyryn (1), α-amyrin acetate (2), α-amyryl octadecanoate(3), taraxasterol acetate (4), calycosin (5), formononetin (6),and farnisin (7). Conclusion: Compound 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are isolated from this plant for the first time, and Compound 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are isolated from Tabernaemontan genus for the first time.

BACKGROUND:Now it has cooperation and facilitative effete between myogenic regulatory factors through a long time study. So, gene therapy of double genes of Myod1 and Myog can obtain better effect, and can provide a new way for preventing denervated skeletal muscle atrophy.
OBJECTIVE:To construct eukaryotic co-expression vector carrying Myod1 and Myog genes.
METHODS:Ful-length Myod1 gene and Myog gene cDNA were amplified by reverse transcription PCR, and then inserted into pVAX1 vector after digested to establish the recombined Myod1 and Myog eukaryotic co-expression vector pVAX1-Myod1-IRES2-Myog-IRES2-EGFP, and then identified with gene sequencing. The in vitro cultured 3T3 cel s were transfected with pVAX1-Myod1-IRES2-Myog-IRES2-EGFP, and the expressions of Myod1 and Myog genes in the 3T3 cel s were detected with western blot assay in order to identify whether the 3T3 cel s could express the target protein correctly.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The sequencing results showed that the sequence length and base sequence of Myod1 and Myog cDNA in eukaryotic co-expression vector pVAX1-Myod1-IRES2-Myog-IRES2-EGFP were identical with the reported sequences. Myod1 and Myog protein band expressions were detected in 3T3 cel s by western blot after transient transfection. The pVAX1-Myod1-IRES2-Myog-IRES2-EGFP, a eukaryotic co-expression vector of Myod1 gene and Myog gene is successful y constructed.

Objective To study the effect of concentration of TCR-specific antigen peptides on priming naive CD4~+ T cells to develop into Th1/Th2 cells or naive CD8~+ T cells to develop into Tc1/Tc2 cells. Methods TCR-specific peptides with series of concentration were co-cultured with routine spleen DCs to activate murine naive CD4~+/CD8~+ T cells. The production of intracellular cytokines IFN-γand IL-4 were measured by flow cytometry. The dividing profile of activated T cells was analyzed by CFSE staining. Results Lower concentration of specific peptides favored Th2/Tc2 polarization while higher concentration benefited Th1/Tc1 polarization. The influence of peptides concentration on Th cells differentiation is higher than that on Tc cells. Conclusion Antigen peptides can stimulate activation of naive T cells in a wide range of concentration. However, with the increase of peptides concentration, activated T cells differentiated grad-ually from Th2/Tc2 to Th1/Tc1, which will provide significant value to control immunized dose of vaccine candidates in animal experiments.

In the health service field,health resources and health service supple capacity were related with the resource and capacity in economics.Health resources,health service supple capacity and their relationships were important factors for the cooperation and benign interaction of hierarchical medical institutions.However,inversion of health resources and health dislocation of service supply capacity exacerbated the agglomeration degree of patients in the tertiary medical institutions under the impact of residents' freely searching for medical service concept.Vicious interaction and mutual competition among hierarchical medical institutions had become an important obstacle for the implementation of hierarchical medical services.Therefore,its mechanism needed to be clarified while the corresponding policy recommendations should be proposed.

Objective: To investigate the loneliless situation of the elderly, and explore the relationship between loneliness,filial expectations and intergenerational social support among the elderly. Methods: Using UCLA Loneliness Scale, Intergenerational Social Support and Fealty Expectation Questionnaire, we investigated 423 samples of old people aged 60 ～94 of Changsha City. Results: The mean score of loneliness was 39.8 (s =7.3). Ordinal regression analysis indicated that the loneliness of the elderly was significantly related to received adult children social support (OR=2.208, P=0.006),afforded adult children social support(OR=2.056,P=0.01) and filial expectation(OR=1.872,P=0.027),controlled by age, sex, level of education, marriage, level of family income, and residence status. Filial expectation directly affected loneliness and indirectly affected loneliness through received adult children social support and afforded adult children social support. Conclusion: The loneliness of the elderly are significantly related to filial expectation and intergenerational support.

Objective: To campare the differences of contents and relative effects of lignans from 4 strains of Schisandra chinensis, and to provide the experimental basis for the precise selection and application. Methods: The contents of 7 kinds of lignans from 4 strains of Schisandra chinensis were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidant effects of 4 strains of Schisandra chinensis were compared by measuring the abilities of reduction, scavenging of DPPH free radical and inhibiting linoleic acid oxidation in vitro Sixty male ICR mice were randomly divided into normal control group, alcoholic liver injury model group (model group), Schisandra chinensis YH group, (YH group), Schisandra chinensis SH group (SH group), Schisandra chinensis 156-5-2 group 156-5-2 group) and Schisandra chinensis 50-1-5 group (50-1-5 group), 10 mice in each group. One hour after the last administration, the mice in normal control group were given the equal volume of distilled water, and those in the other groups were intragastrically given 50% alcohol 12 mL • k g- 1 ) . All the mice were fasted, but with free access to water for 12 h and executed, and the liver and serum were obtained. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum of the mice, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, the levels of triglyceride (TG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver tissue of the mice were determined. Results: The total content of lignan monomers in Schisandra chinensis YH was the highest, the second was Schisandra chinensis SH, and 156-5-2 and 50-1-5 were later. Except for 156-5-2, other 3 kinds of Schisandra chinensis had strong antioxidant effects, and the order of antioxidant activity was Y H > S H > 5 0 - l - 5 . Compared with model group, the ALT and AST levels in the serum and the levels of MDA and TG in the liver tissue of the mice in YH group were decreased significantly (P < 0 . 05 or P < 0 . 01); the TG level in the liver tissue of the mice in SH group was reduced significantly (P < 0 . 05), but the serum ALT and AST levels didn' t change significantly (P > 0. 05); the ALT level in the serum of the mice in 156-5-2 group was decreased (P < 0 . 05), but the MDA and TG levels in the liver tissue didn' t change significantly (P > 0 . 05). Conclusion: In 4 strains of Schisandra chinensis, YH has the highest content of lignans, has the strongest antioxidant effect in vitro, and has the best protective effect on acute alcoholic liver injury.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the evaluation on auditory rehabilitation effect for 42 deaf children with GJB2 gene mutation after cochlear implantation to provide a reference for the cochlear implant effect evaluation of such patients. METHOD: To conduct the detection on common genetic deafness gene mutation hotspots of hearing impaired children with cochlear implantation. To conduct auditory rehabilitation effect evaluation on 42 cases of patients with GJB2 genetic deafness after 3 months, 6 months and 12 months of the operation respectively. The single factor repeated measure ANOVA was applied to analyze whether there were significant difference among the results of initial consonant of a Chinese syllable recognition at 3 different stages after the operation, the results of vowel of a Chinese syllable recognition at 3 different stages after the operation, and the results of two-syllable recognition at 3 different stages after the operation. RESULT: 235delC is the high-incidence mutational site in 42 cases of patients with GJB2 genetic deafness, the total detection rate is up to 90.48%. There were significant differences in the initial consonant of a Chinese syllable recognition rate, the vowel of a Chinese syllable recognition rate, the two-syllable recognition rate as well as the vowel of a Chinese syllable recognition rate after 3 months, 6 months and 12 months of the operation (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Cochlear implantation is a safe and effective measure for auditory reconstruction, it can help patients with GJB2 hereditary severe sensorineural deafness to improve auditory speech recognition.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child ; Cochlear Implantation ; Connexin 26 ; Connexins ; genetics ; Deafness ; genetics ; rehabilitation ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; genetics ; rehabilitation ; Humans ; Language ; Mutation

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions of serine-threonine kinase (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70 S6K in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and provide references for early diagnosis and prognosis evalua- tion of OSCC.

METHODSA total of 51 cases of OSCC, 10 cases of paracancerous mucosa, and 10 cases of normal oral mucosa were collected. The expressions of Akt/mTOR/p70 S6K in these cases were detected using the SP method of immunohisto- chemistry. The correlation between their expressions in OSCC was also analyzed.

RESULTSThe positive expressions ofp-Akt, p-mTOR, and p70 S6K in OSCC were significantly higher than those in normal oral mucosa and paracancerous mucosa. The expressions of p-Akt, p-mTOR, and p70 S6K in OSCC were not correlated with age, gender, and clinical stage; by comparison, these expressions were correlated with lymph node metastasis and pathological grade. Strong positive correlations were also observed between the expressions ofp-Akt, p-mTOR, and p70 S6K in OSCC.

CONCLUSIONAkt/mTOR/p70 S6K signaling molecules exhibit active expressions in OSCC and may be implicated in the occurrence and development of OSCC.

Aged ; Animals ; Humans ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Neoplasms, Squamous Cell ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa ; Signal Transduction ; Sirolimus ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

BACKGROUND: Bronchial asthma is one of those diseases that are significantly affected by meteorological factors. There is close relationship between asthma attack and meteorological factor. There have been some studies on the relationship between asthma and meteorological factors at home and abroad, but the results are various due to different area conditions.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between asthmatic attack and meteorological factors in children in Qingdao city.DESIGN: Observational experiment.SETTING: The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: Altogether 445 inpatient children, 307 males, 138 females, aged ＜ 14 years, who were diagnosed of asthma attack definitely, of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical University, Qingdao Haici Hospital,Qingdao Children Hospital between January 1st 2000 and December 31st 2004 were retrieved.METHODS: The asthmatic attack time of 445 children patients with asthmatic attack of Qingdao city and concurrent month mean temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, wind speed and other meteorologic al data were collected.Seasonal rhythm of asthmatic attack in children and the relationship between asthmatic attack and meteorological factors were analyzed with circular distribution analysis and linear regression analysis, respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Month attack information of 445 asthma patients. ② Circular distribution analysis results of asthmatic attack time. ③ Linear regression analysis results about the relationship between asthma attack and meteorological factors.RESULTS: ① Data revealed that asthmatic attack in Qingdao city focused on November, December, January and February, which took up 47.9% of total amount in that year. There were 307 male patients (incidence 3.12%)in a year,female patients only 138 cases (incidence 1.51%), which revealed that boys have a higher incidence of asthma attack than girls. ②The peak season of incidence of asthmatic attack was found in winter and peak season for male and female patients was in January and December, respectively (P ＜ 0.05). ③ Higher incidence of asthmatic attack of children was related with higher air pressure, lower temperature, lower relative humidity(r =0.435, -0.320, -0.296, all P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The incidence of asthma attack presents seasonal rhythm in Qingdao city and it is influenced by climate conditions. Therefore, enough consideration of meteorological factors should be paid on preventive works for asthma.