OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standards of Shuguan capsules. METHODS:Polygonum multiflorum, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Salvia miltiorrhiza were identified by TLC. The content of salvianic acid was determined by HPLC. RESULTS:P. multiflorum, L. chuanxiong, S. miltiorrhiza could be detected by TLC. TLC spots were clear and the negative sample was no interference. The linear range of salvianic acid was 0.51～8.16 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 4)with an average recovery of 100%(RSD=1.23%, n=6). CONCLUSION: Established standard is suitable for the quality control of Shuguan capsules.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of Apigenin (APG) on hepatic in diabetic rats.Methods The experimental diabetes model were made by intraperitoneal injecting STZ. The rats were randomly devided into six groups: a normal control group, a diabetes model control group, APG 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg treated groups, and the drug was given by intraperitoneal injection. 4 weeks later, the body weight, ratio of hepatic weight and body weight were detected; the histopathological changes of hepatic tissue were observed by HE staining; the content of ALT/AST/LDH in serum were determined; the activity of SOD/GSH-Px/CAT and the content of MDA in hepatic tissue were determined.Results Compared with the diabetes model control group, the body weight of APG(10, 20, 40) mg/kg treated groups were significantly increased (261.3 ± 15.8 g, 274.2 ± 18.4 g, 265.9 ± 19.0 gvs. 250.8 ± 21.4 g,P<0.05 orP<0.01), and the ratio of hepatic weight and body weight were significantly decreased (27.7 ± 5.69, 26.2 ± 4.91, 27.3 ± 4.58vs. 32.9 ± 5.85,P<0.05 orP<0.01); the hepatic tissue histopathological changes of APG-treated groups were significantly improved; the level of ALT in serum of APG (5, 10, 20 and 40) mg/kg treated groups were significantly decreased (1 039.3 ± 453.9 U/L, 917.6 ± 445.2 U/L, 828.4 ± 309.5 U/L, 721.7 ± 318.3 U/Lvs. 1 205.2 ± 484.1 U/L;P<0.05 orP<0.01), AST were significantly decreased (97.8 ± 23.8 U/L, 90.1 ± 19.6 U/L, 81.7 ± 15.7 U/L, 86.4 ± 19.2 U/Lvs. 105.3 ± 25.7 U/L;P<0.05,P<0.01), LDH were also significantly decreased (983.7 ± 192.6 U/L, 918.3 ± 212.9 U/L, 830.4 ± 174.2 U/L, 871.8 ± 183.1 U/Lvs. 1 102.8 ± 211.6 U/L;P<0.05 orP<0.01); the activity of SOD in hepatic tissue of APG (10, 20, 40) mg/kg treated groups were significantly increased (10.5 ± 1.9 U/mg, 11.6 ± 2.1 U/mg, 10.5 ± 2.0 U/mgvs. 9.1 ± 1.8 U/mg,P<0.05,P<0.01), GSH-Px were significantly increased (14.2 ± 2.7 U/mg, 15.3 ± 2.9 U/mg, 14.6 ± 2.6 U/mgvs. 12.9 ± 2.3 U/mg;P<0.05, P<0.01), CAT were significantly increased (3.15 ± 0.90 U/mg, 3.58 ± 0.88 U/mg, 3.31 ± 1.09 U/mgvs. 2.58 ± 0.79 U/mg,P<0.05 orP<0.01), and the content of MDA was significantly decreased (5.03 ± 1.70 nmol/mg, 4.66 ± 1.51 nmol/mg, 4.73 ± 1.65 nmol/mg vs. 5.98 ± 1.62 nmol/mg;P<0.05 orP<0.01). And the treatment effect of APG 20 mg/kg groups was the most significant.Conclusion APG had antioxidant enzyme activity, besides its reducing the damage of free radical, and protecting the hepatic tissue of diabetic rats effects.

From the perspective of institute of medical higher education, a set of index system which include three first level indicators has been constructed, for medical academic postgraduate ed-ucation internal evaluation with the method of expert advice as well as in-depth interview, and then through Delphi consulting, the weight of every indicator has been calculated. The weight of three first level indicators are 0.28 (educational condition), 0.42 (educational process), 0.30 (educational results) respectively. Finally, how to carry out internal evaluation and how to apply the results effec-tively have been discussed.

Objective To gain a better knowledge of the education for masters in clinical medicine (general practice) and provide a reference for the better exploration of the training mode of GP students.Methods 9 colleges and universities enrolling students for this program were selected with stratified sampling.A questionnaire was conducted in terms of admission,curriculum setting,clinical training,guidance and evaluation through officials in charge of graduate affairs from February to July in 2014.Descriptive analysis was performed to the investigation results,using SPSS 20.0 statistical software.Results A full-time undergraduate degree in clinical medicine was explicitly required in 88.9％ (8/9) of colleges and universities.The average total credits of the course were 23.7 and the average clinical training duration was 32.4 months.Tutor group was adopted in all colleges and universities.The assessment and evaluation of the GP masters was mainly composed of multiple forms of process assessment and final evaluation.Conclusion We suggest attaching more importance to the improvements of enrollment policy,curriculum system,clinical training,standardized training base construction,teaching staff,and evaluation system in order to explore GP training mode in accord with the law of general practice and suitable for China's national conditions.

This study conducted questionnaire survey to graduate medical students in Medicine (M.D.) and Stomatological Medicine (S.M.D) enrolled at Peking University Health Science Center in the year 2013,analyzed on the understanding,period,forms,mentoring and effect of research training.Suggestions are proposed to strengthen the research training,for example,focusing on clinical training as well as research training,aiming at clinical issues,emphasize of clinical scientific research,permeating the concept oftransformation medicine,promotion of intense full-time research,strengthen the mentoring of professors.

AIM: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of heavy silicone oil (HSO), Densiron 68, was used as internal tamponade to treat complex vitreoretinopathy.METHODS: A retrospective study of 30 patients (30 eyes) who underwent vitrectomy and HSO tamponade for complex retinal detachment between January 2015 and January 2016.The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), retinal reattachment and complications after surgery were observed.RESULTS: There were statistical significances in both the BCVA difference between pre-operation and HSO tamponade, and the BCVA difference between pre-operation and the removal of HSO for 3mo (z=-2.198, P=0.028;z=-2.682, P=0.007).The average intraocular pressure of HSO tamponade group was 20.233±8.007mmHg, and the average intraocular pressure of pre-operation group was 16.067±4.025mmHg, showing significant difference(t=-2.913, P=0.005).Between the pre-operation group and the HSO removed group 14.933±3.423mmHg, there was no significant statistical difference in the analysis of IOP (t=2.635, P=0.430).Anatomical success was achieved in 90% of cases after the removal of HSO.Most common complications were cataract formation and oil emulsification.CONCLUSION: Densiron-68 is a safe and effective tamponade material for the treatment of complex vitreoretinopathy.However, most common complications are cataract formation and oil emulsification.So clinicians should strictly handle indications and usage during the clinical applications.

Objective Joint-PhD program is an effective way to cultivate international creative talents.Survey on intrinsic value factors of this mode is significant to improve the quality of medical education.Methods According to the questionnaire results and reports of 104 medical doctorates who attended the Joint-PhD program in PUHSC,Baldrige Performance Excellence was taken as theoretical framework.Results It showed that index influencing the quality of Joint-PhD education include social responsibility;stakeholders' expectation and market requirements;information and knowledge management support and so on.Conclusion In the process of doctoral education,advocating value of social responsibility,paying attention to the expectations of stakeholders,and attaching importance to the validity of education management services help to understand the intrinsic value of the quality management from the top universities in the world,in order to fundamentally improve the quality of doctoral education.

Bm04862 is a novel hemocyte-specific gene, which has been identified and cloned through the microarray data in silkworm, Bombyx mori. Initially, we successfully obtained the full-length cDNA sequence of Bm04862 via the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The sequence consists of an open reading frame (ORF) with 819 bp, which could encode 273 amino acid residues. The bioinformatics analysis predicted that Bm04862 was a transmembrane protein. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of Bm04862 was specifically detected in hemocyte and reached a peak at L4M and PP2 stage. Bm04862 was overexpressed in Sf9 insect cells, and the cellular localization indicated that Bm04862 was specifically located in cytoplasm and nuclei membrane. Interestingly, the expression of Bm04862 increas'd dramatically after challenged with Escherichia coli for 24 hours, which predicted its potential role in the innate immune system. Overall, this study could provide the fundamental knowledge for further research.
Animals ; Bombyx ; genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Complementary ; Hemocytes ; metabolism ; Insect Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Open Reading Frames

Objective To observe the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in pancreas, and discuss its significance. Methods The pancreatic fibrosis model was induced by high fat diets. The rats were sacrificed 16 weeks later, and the pancreatic tissue was harvested for routine pathologic examinations. Pancreatic collagen fibrosis I was determined by HE and Sirius red staining;α-SMA and CTGF expression were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results After pancreatic fibrosis, pancreatic lobules and acinar atrophy was observed, lobules gap was widened, interstitial fibrous tissue was significantly proliferated, the synthesis of pancreatic collagen fibrosis I was significantly increased when compared with normal pancreas ( 1500.2 + 255.8 vs. 57.4 ± 23.2, P ＜ 0. 01 ), the expression of α-SMA was significantly increased when compared with normal pancreas( 1500.2 + 255.8 vs. 57.4 + 23.2, P ＜ 0. 01 ), and the expression of CTGF was significantly increased when compared with normal pancreas (2950.5 ± 431.9 vs. 382.2 + 190.8, P ＜0.01 ), and there were abundant activated PSCs. Conclusions CTGF participated in the regulation of pancreatic fibrosis development; the function of CTGF was closely related to PSCs activation.

General practice is a clinical practice which integrates a variety of disciplines and aims at providing basic health care services for individuals, families and communities. General prac-tice in China is now experiencing increasing development. In 2011, the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council approved of the addition of general practice under the category of clinical medicine, initiating the education of postgraduates with professional degree majoring in general prac-tice. Through analyzing supervisor instruction, curriculum, skill training and assessment of postgrad-uates majoring in general practice, this paper thoroughly explored its training mode.