Laparoscopic and robotic techniques change the view of groin anatomy from inside to outside.The amplification view of laparoscopy extends surgeons' visual field,with clear and precise anatomy,less bleeding and certain outcome.Robotic flexible joints increase angle of suture to abdominal wall.In this background,hernia surgeons pay close attention to closure of abdominal wall defect,choice and fix of mesh as well as status of robotic technique in hernia filed.

Female ; Hernia, Inguinal ; etiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors

Many specific therapeutic antibody drugs have been developed for different indications. In drug development, it has been found that the antibody isotype framework can not only affect the physical and chemical properties of therapeutic antibodies, but also influence the activity and therapeutic effect. As a result, IgG isotype selection should be considered carefully in antibody drug development strategies. Because of the unique biological characteristics, IgG4 isotype has been used in some therapeutic antibodies for which effector functions are not desired. In order to provide new ideas for the development of antibody drugs, the research and application progress of IgG4 isotype in therapeutic antibody drug development has been reviewed.
Drug Design ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Objective To evaluate the value and limitation of MRI in the diagnosis of meningovascular neurosyphilis. Methods Five cases of neurosyphilis confirmed by clinical history/laboratory were examined with MRI (3 plain MRI, 2 enhanced MRI). The results of blood and CSF TPPA/RPR were positive and HIV was negative. Results Abnormal signals were demonstrated in the temporal lobe in 3 cases, and infarction was revealed in the basal ganglion and periventricular white matter in another 2 cases. There was no marked contrast enhancement in the 2 cases. Conclusion Meningovascular neurosyphilis has no characteristic features on MRI, but MRI is an effective method in delineating the size, range, and characters of neurosyphilis, and it is also an useful modality to follow-up after antibiotic therapy.

Streptolysin S (SLS),one of the important virulence factors of Streptococcus,exist in several kinds of human and animal pathogenic bacterial,including Streptococcus pyogenes,Strepstococcus iniae and Streptococcus anginosus.SLS is a peptide toxin encoded by nine consecutive genes (sagA-sagⅠ).The functions of SLS include contributing pathogenic bacterium to pass through epithelial barrier,causing tissue damage,resisting to phagocytic clearance of host immune cells and interacting with other virulence factors.In addition,SLS as a signaling molecule of cell quorum sensing is involved in regulating the expression with other virulence factors.This paper summarized the structures and the biological functions of SLS in Streptococcus infection.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic measures of unresectable primary liver cancer (PLC) with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE).Methods The clinical data,treatment measures and followed up data of 312 patients with unresectable primary liver cancer from January 1991 to March 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.Of these 312 patients, different dosages, measures of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization together with immunotherapy and nutritional support treatments were given to the patients according to their own statements, including the patency of portal vein (evaluated by portography), the range, blood supply and lipiodol concentration of the lesions (evaluated by hepatic arteriography), and the systemic conditions.Some of these patients also accepted cryotherapy, radio frequency ablation (RFA), percutaneous ethanol injection therapy.Results Two hundred and eighty-seven patients were followed up (92％).Forty-two cases accepted the two-stage operation as the lesions were localized or reduced.In these 42 patients, 34 cases accepted the hepatectomy, 8 cases accepted the cryotherapy.The 1,3 and 5 year survival rate of all patients were 87.6％, 33.1％ and 13.2％.Conclusion TACE for unresectable primary liver cancer should be used individually and comprehensivly.Surgical treatment should be taken once the lesions can be resected.

von Willebrand factor (vWF) and factor Ⅷ (FⅧ) exist in a complex form in blood.After being activated,they mediated platelet adhesion and aggregation,and play an important role in the course of thrombosis.The levels in blood of both of them were affected by a variety of factors.vWF and FⅧ are closely associated with the risk,etiological type,severity and outcome of acute ischemic stroke.Studies on the corresponding antagonistic drugs have made a breakthrough,and these drugs may become more advantageous antithrombotic s.

Objective To study the efficacy and toxicity of standard CEOP regimen in elderly patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).Methods The study included 34 previously untreated patients,age 60 to 80 years old,with NHL,through July 2009 to December 2011.The patients with T-cell lyphoma received four to eight cycles of CEOP (cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2 d1,epirubicin hydrochloride 60-75 mg/m2 d1,vincristine 2mg d1,and dexamethasone 10-15 mg d1-5) every 3-4 weeks.Otherwise,the patient with B-cell lymphoma received R-CEOP,rituximab (375 mg/m2) was administered one day before CEOP.All the patients' clinical materials were collected and used to annalyze the efficacy and toxicity of the CEOP±R regimen.Results Among these 34 NHL patients,17 cases reached CR,9 cases reached PR,3 cases remained SD,and 5 cases appeared PD.The total response rate was 76.5 ％(26/34).The major toxicity was bone marrow restraint.The rate of leukocyte decline with Ⅲ-Ⅳ degree was 71.4 ％ (24/34).Conclusion Using the standard regimen of CEOP leads to satisfied efficacy of elderly patients with NHL,and the toxcity is tolerant.

Artificial liver support system (ALSS),as a means of bridging patients with liver failure to transplantation,has been widely used at home and abroad.However,clinical trails show that different ALSS may have different therapeutic effects.This review briefly introduces the widely-used non-biological liver support technologies and extensively-studied biological liver support technologies,and tries to give an overview on their impact on biochemical markers and survival.

Objective To explore the role of CGRP and progesterone along with it on the etiopathology of PIH. Methods 8 specimens of umbilical vein endothelial cells from women with PIH were cultured. Four groups were divided when cultured cells were confluent: the sera of normal pregnancy women (group 1), the sera of women with PIH (group2), the mixture of the sera of women with PIH and the injection of progesterone (group3), and the same amount of media (group 4). The cultured cell were added respectively into the four different kinds of media. After 24h of incubation, the concentration of endothelin (ET) and CGRP in media were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results 1. Comparing with group1, the concentration of CGRP in group 2 decreased and ET increased significantly. Statistic difference of ET/CGRP was found between the two groups. 2. Comparing with group 1, the concentration of CGRP in group 3 was unchanged and ET increased obviously. No difference of ET/CGRP was shown between them. 3. Comparing with group 3, in group 2, the concentration of CGRP decreased obviously and that of ET unchanged. Significant difference of ET/CGRP was found. Conclusions Progesterone, along with CGRP, might delay the onset and progressing of PIH.