Malunion is one of common complications after distal radius fractures.It is indicated that malunion plays an important role in fracture recovery in many studies.This article sums up the research data,from aspects of both biomechanical analysis and follows-up of clinical cases,of domestic and foreign scholars in recent years,and reviews the influences of malunion on wrist joint functional outcome.

Esophageal cancer is one of the common malignancies of the digestive tract, and its exact etiology and pathogenesis have not been completely clear. The establishment of animal model of esophageal cancer provides support for the basic and preclinical research of esophageal cancer, which is of great significance for further study to clarify the pathogenesis and explore the development of new therapeutic drugs. At present, the animal models commonly used in the study of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma mainly include chemical induction model, heterotopic transplantation model and orthotopic transplantation model. With the continuous progress of animal research on human origin tumor, the human transplanted tumor model has been more and more widely used. No matter which model has its own advantages and disadvantages and applicability, should be selected according to the purpose of the experiment. In this paper, the research progress on animal models of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in recent years is reviewed, and the models commonly used in scientific research and preclinical treatment are discussed, which may provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment.

More and more medical devices can capture different features of human body and form three dimensional (3D) images. In clinical applications, usually it is required to fuse multiple source images containing different and crucial information into one for the purpose of assisting medical treatment. However, traditional image fusion methods are normally designed for two dimensional (2D) images and will lead to loss of the third dimensional information if directly applied to 3D data. Therefore, a novel 3D magnetic image fusion method was proposed based on the combination of newly invented beyond wavelet transform, called 3D band limited shearlet transformand (BLST), and four groups of traditional fusion rules. The proposed method was then compared with the 2D and 3D wavelet and dual-tree complex wavelet transform fusion methods through 4 groups of human brain T2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) images. The experiments indicated that the performance of the method based on 3D transform was generally superior to the existing methods based on 2D transform. Taking advantage of direction representation, shearlet transform could effectively improve the performance of conventional fusion method based on 3D transform. It is well concluded, therefore, that the proposed method is the best among the methods based on 2D and 3D transforms.
Algorithms ; Brain ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Wavelet Analysis

A survey on compliance with topical medication and the relevant factors were conducted in 190 patients with glaucoma in Miaohang Township, Baoshan County of Shanghai. All patients used 1 or more topical ocular hypotensive medications for at least 6 months and a special questionnaire was designed for the survey. The survey revealed that the overall non-compliance rate was 54. 7% (104/190) in this group of patients; which was closely correlated with age, medication application time and the extent of visual defect ( OR = 2. 550, 0. 225 and 0. 342, P ＜ 0. 05 ). Education levels, gender of patients, glaucoma type, number of daily medication, medication types and the stability of diseases were not correlated with the compliance.

Magnetic susceptibility is an intrinsic physical quantity which describes the relationship between material magnetization and applied external magnetic field. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is an MRI technology which can quantify the buck magnetic susceptibility of tissue in vivo. It is particularly effective at elucidating anatomy with paramagnetic or diamagnetic components. QSM technology is a method for solving the ill-pose problem of unconventional de-convolution of the measured tissue magnetic field with the unit magnetic dipole field to obtain the susceptibility source map. Many multi orientation scan based QSM and clinically acceptable single orientation QSM methods have been proposed to solve this ill-posed problem. In this paper, the QSM concept is introduced and the various QSM methods are systematically categorized and discussed. The aim of this paper is to summarize the current research progress of QSM, popularize the knowledge of QSM and promote the improvements and the rational application of QSM in clinical field.
Humans ; Magnetic Fields ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; trends ; Magnetics

In this study,the coding region of type O FMDV capsid protein VP1 and a series of codon optimized DNA sequences coding for VP1 amino acid residues 141-160(epitopel),tandem repeat 200-213(epitope2(+2))and the combination of two epitopes(epitope1-2)was genetically cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pPROExHTb and pGEX4T-1,respectively.VP1 and the fused epitopes GST-E1,GST-E2(+2)and GST-E1-2 were successfully solubly expressed in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli and Western blot analysis demonstrated they retained antigenicity.Indirect VP1-ELISA and epitope ELISAs were subsequently developed to screen a panel of 80 field pig sera using LPB-ELISA as a standard test.For VP1-ELISA and all the epitope ELISAs,there were clear distinctions between the FMDV-positive and the FMDV-negative samples.Cross-reactions with pig sera positive to the viruses of swine vesicular disease virus that produce clinically indistinguishable syndromes in pigs or guinea pig antisera to FMDV strains of type A,C and Asial did not occur.The relative sensitivity and specificity for the GST-E1 ELISA,GST-E2(+2),GST-E1-2 ELISA and VP1-ELISA in comparison with LPB-ELISA were 93.3% and 85.0%,95.0% and 90%,100% and 81.8%,96.6% and 80.9% respectively.This study shows the potential use of the aforementioned epitopes as alternatives to the complex antigens used in current detection for antibody to FMDV structural proteins.

Objective: To investigate the effect and safety of interleukin-2 combined with cisplatin in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion.Methods: Totally 86 patients with malignant pleural effusion were randomly divided into the observation group (44 cases) and the control group (42 cases).The control group was treated with cisplatin, and the observation group was treated with interleukin-2 additionally.The treatment course was 3 weeks.The ascites relief, quality of life, survival status and tumor markers before and after the treatment, and the adverse drug reactions were compared between the groups.Results: The total ascites remission rate and the effective rate in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).Compared with those before the treatment, CEA, CA19-9 and CA450 decreased significantly after the treatment in both groups (P<0.05), those in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).After the treatment, the physiological function, physiological occupation, emotional function, body pain and the other life quality scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).The 24-month survival rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05).There were no significant differences in adverse drug reactions between the groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: Interleukin-2 combined with cisplatin can effectively relieve ascites and improve quality of life, which can also prolong the survival time of patients.

In order to develop an anti-FMDV Asial type monoclonal antibody (mAb), BABL/c mice were immunized with recombinant FMDV VP1 protein. Three mAbs, 1B8, 5E1 and 5E2, were then further optimized. The result indicated that prepared anti-FMDV Asial mAbs had no cross-reactivity with Swine vesicular disease (SVD) and FMDV O, A and C type antigen. Their titers in abdomen liquor were l:5×106, l:2×106 and l:5×l06, respectively. 1B8 was found to be of IgGi subtype, 5E1 and 5E2 belonged to IgG2b subtype. In this study, the prepared mAbs are specific for detecting FMDV type Asial, and is potentially useful for pen-side diagnosis.

Objective To compare the efficacies of total gastrectomy (TG) and proximal gastrectomy (PG) for patients with upper gastric cancer.Methods Databases including Medline,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang database were searched to retrieve literatures on surgical treatment of upper gastric cancer which were published from January 1980 to October 2011.According to different surgical procedures,all the patients were divided into PG group and TG group.Meta analysis were performed by RevMan 5.1.Categorical variables were presented by odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (95％CI).Results Thirteen literatures including 2622 patients with upper gastric cancer were retrieved.There were 1464 patients in the TG group and 1158 patients in the PG group.There was no significant difference in the 1-year survival rate between the 2 groups (OR =1.23,P ＞ 0.05).The 3-and 5-year survival rates of patients in the TG group were significantly higher than those of the PG group (OR =1.74,1.45,P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant difference in the 5-year survival rates of patients in TNM Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅳ stages between the 2 groups (OR =0.94,1.31,2.03,P ＞ 0.05),while the 5-year survival rate of patients in TNM Ⅲ stage of TG group was significantly higher than PG group (OR =2.29,P ＜ 0.05) The overall recurrence rate of TG group was slightly lower than that of PG group,with no significant difference OR =0.44,P ＞ 0.05).The local recurrence rate of TG group was significantly lower than that of PG group (OR =0.29,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the distal recurrence rate between the 2 groups (OR =0.60,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The medium and longterm efficacies of TG are superior than that of PG.The stage of cancer should be taken into account to determine the plan of individual treatment.

Objective It is well known that diethylstilbestrol ( DES ) can result in testicular oxidative injury , and one of its mechanisms of action is leading to dysfunction of steroidogenesis .The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between testicular oxidative injury caused by DES and the key synthetase activities for the synthesis pathway of steroidogenesis and the possible mechanism .Methods Twenty-four 4-wk-old male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups , 6 rats each.Three doses of DES (0.1, 1.0 and 10 μg/kg· d) groups and a vehicle (corn oil) control group , were respectively administered by subcutaneous injection once a day for eight weeks .The rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks treatment and the body weight , testis, epididymis, prostate were weighed, respectively.The testicular tissues were homogenized and the oxidation of MDA and ROS , the activity changes of antioxidases SOD, CAT and GPx, as well asthe activities of steroid synthetases 3β-HSD1 and 17β-HSD3 were determined by biochemical measurement.The levels oftestosterone and LH in peripheral blood were measured by radioimmunoassay .The intensities of expression of StAR,P450scc, 3β-HSD1, 17β-HSD3-mRNA were detected by PCR.Results In the 10.0 μg/kg dose group, the weights andorgan coefficients of testis and prostate were decreased significantly , the oxidation of MDA and ROS was increased distinctlyand the activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, 3β-HSD1 and 17β-HSD3 were reduced.The concentration of serum testosterone wasdecreased in the 10.0 μg/kg dose group.In the 10.0 μg/kg and 1.0 μg/kg dose groups, the decline of LH levelpresented a dose-dependent manner, and the intensities of immunochemical positive staining for StAR , P450scc, 3β-HSD1and 17β-HSD3 mRNA were decreased.Conclusions DES exposure results in disturbance of the oxidant /antioxidantbalance and decline of testosterone level that induces reproductive impairment in male rats .DES induces reductions of bothGPx and 3β-HSD activities which cause the decrease of testosterone synthesis .The expression of P450scc and 3β-HSDmRNA,which are the key synthetases in biosynthetic pathway of steroidogenesis , are inhibited by DES, and it isspeculated that the disturbance of steroidogenic synthesis enzymes may be one of the mechanisms of toxic effects of DES .