A portable instrument for arteriosclerosis assessment containing sensor module, acquisition board and embedded module was developed for home care in this paper. The sensor module consists of one ECG module and three pulse wave extraction modules, synchronously acquiring human ECG and pulse wave signal of carotid, radial, and dorsal, respectively. The acquisition board converts the sensor module's analog output signals into digital signals and transmits them to the embedded module. The embedded module realizes the functions including signal display, storage and the calculation and output of pulse wave velocity. The structure of the proposed portable instrument is simple, easy to use, and easy to expand. Small size, low cost, and low power consumption are also the advantages of this device. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed portable instrument for arteriosclerosis assessment has high accuracy, good repeatability and can assess the degree of atherosclerosis appropriately.
Arteriosclerosis ; diagnosis ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Monitoring, Ambulatory ; instrumentation

This paper aimed to describe the concept of the cancerous person's supportive care needs and the current situation of the study on this issue abroad so that we can analyze the factors which influence the needs,and we also try to elaborate the shortcomings and study expectation on cancerous person's sup portive care study.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the efficacy and safety of different doses of canagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes,and provide evidence-based reference for the clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from PubMed,Cochrane Library,Clinical Trails.gov,CJFD,Wangfang Database and VIP,randomized controlled trials (RCT) about different doses of canagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes were collected. Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.3 software after data extract and quality evaluation by Cachrane 5.10. RESULTS:Totally 11 RCTs were enrolled,involving 5 399 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed,canagliflozin 300 mg/d were superior to 100 mg/d in reducing HbA1c[MD=0.14,95%CI(0.09,0.19), P<0.001],FPG[MD=0.40,95%CI(0.20,0.61),P<0.001] and reduction rate of body mass[MD=0.69,95%CI(0.42,0.96),P<0.001],the differences were statistically significant;and there were no significant differences in the incidence of total adverse reac-tions [RR=0.97,95%CI(0.94,1.01),P=0.10],hypoglycemia [RR=1.02,95%CI(0.94,1.10),P=0.67],urinary tract infection[RR=0.96,95%CI (0.78,1.18),P=0.69] in 2 groups;There was significantly different of genital mycotic infection in 2 groups[RR=0.84,95%CI(0.70,1.00),P=0.04]. CONCLUSIONS:Canagliflozin 300 mg/d is better than 100 mg/d in controlling HbA1c,fasting blood glucose and body mass of patients with type 2 diabetes,and the genital mycotic infection should be attentioned.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for the quality control of cattle bile powder based on cholic acid components, evaluate the quality of commercially sold cattle bile powder, and analyze the possible adulteration. METHODS: A method was established for simultaneous determination of cholic acid content in bile powder of cattle, sheep, pig, chicken, duck and other animals. Self-made samples and samples collected by enterprises were studied respectively. Based on self-made samples, the differences and content rules of bile powder of cattle, pig, sheep and other animals were investigated, and the quality and possible adulteration of samples collected by enterprises were evaluated. RESULTS: An HPLC-ELSD method was established for simultaneous determination of 12 cholic acids in bile powder of cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens and ducks. By analyzing the determination results of 23 batches of self-made animal bile powder, the contents of cholic acid in cattle bile powder and other animal bile powder were determined. By analyzing the determination results of cattle bile powder samples collected from 23 enterprises, it was found that there were mainly two kinds of adulteration of cattle bile powder likely: sheep bile powder and cholic acid waste. Only 8 of the 23 batches of samples collected by enterprises met the requirements, and the qualified rate was only 34.8%. The quality of varieties needs to be improved and supervised urgently. CONCLUSION: The method established in this study can effectively control the quality of cattle bile powder, identify possible adulteration of cattle bile powder, and provide reference and basis for improving the quality standard of cattle bile powder and strengthening market supervision.

BACKGROUND:Steam sterilization is a commonly used oral clinical method of disinfection, but whether it would produce more significant impact on equipments waiting for sterilization has been controversial.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of autoclave on two kinds of orthodontic distal end cutters by comparing shearing force and corrosion after sterilization.
METHODS:Tiantian (n=15) and 3M (n=15) distal end cutters commonly used in orthodontic treatment were chosen for testing and divided into three groups, respectively. Three groups for each kind of cutter were treated with high-pressure steam sterilization, steam sterilization+extraoral shear, and steam sterilization+intraoral shear, respectively. The shearing force and metal ography of the distal end cutters were recorded after 0, 20, 40, and 60 cycles of sterilization. An energy dispersive spectrometer was used to scan the surfaces of the working edges of the distal end cutters after 60 cycles.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:It was found that with an increase in the number of sterilization cycles, the shear force and extent of corrosion increased in al six groups of distal end cutters, but the situation was worse for Tiantian cutters than for 3M cutters. It was found that the difference of shear force between the Tiantian autoclave group and 3M autoclave group was statistical y significant (P<0.05) after 20, 40, and 60 sterilization cycles. Meanwhile, the metal ography showed that different degrees of discoloration and rust spots appeared on the work edges of the two brands of distal end cutters with an increase in the number of sterilization cycles, but the corrosion of the Tiantian distal-end cutter was more widespread, and even work-edge defects appeared. The carbon content of the Tiantian distal-end cutter was higher than that of the 3M cutter (P<0.05), but the chromium content was higher in the 3M cutter (P<0.05). In addition, aluminum and titanium elements only existed in the 3M cutter. The use of the autoclave affected the distal end cutters in terms of shearing force and corrosion, but the effect on 3M distal end cutters was obviously less than that on Tiantian cutters.

BACKGROUND: Icari n as one of the main components of Epimedium has an inhibitory effect on osteoclasts.. OBJECTIVE: To further investigate the influence of icariin on the root absorption of the maxil ary first molar at mesial part during orthodontic treatment in rats. METHODS: Orthodontic root resorption models were established in the left maxil a of rats. Local injection of 200 mg/kg icari n (icari n group) or normal saline (positive control group) was administrated into the left first molar buccal periosteum. The right maxil a of rats served as negative control group that was treated with neither appliance nor drug injection. The mesial distance between bilateral first molars and the contralateral maxil ary incisor was measured before and after the appliance was placed. Mesial surface of the mesial root of bilateral maxil ary first molars was observed using scanning electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mesial movement of the maxil ary molars in the icari n group was significantly less than that in the positive control group (P < 0.05). Under the scanning electron microscope, smal absorption lacunae were scattered in the icari n group, while the positive control group showed a large amount of absorption lacunae and they were interconnected into a sheet, showing a stark contrast with the smooth root surface of the negative control group. It is indicated that icari n can inhibit root resorption caused by orthodontic treatment, while reducing the amount of mesial movement of the molar under corrective force.

Objective To explore the feasibility of dual-source CT coronary angiography (CTCA) using 80 kV tube voltage setting in patients with low body mass index (BMI).Methods A total of 240 patients with suspected coronary artery disease (BMI range 18.6-21.5 kg/m2) underwent dual-source CTCA.They were randomly assigned to group A (120 kV tube voltage),B (100 kV tube voltage) and C (80 kV tube voltage) based on a random number table.The contrast media dose,volume CT dose index (CTDIvol),dose length product (DLP),and effective dose (ED) were evaluated for each patient.Image noise,CT value,contrast,signal-to-noise ratio (SNR),contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and figure of merit (FOM) of coronary artery were all evaluated.Tie image quality of coronary artery was assessed with a threepoint scale (3 points:excellent,2 points:general,1 point:poor).Scan length,CTDIvol,DLP,ED,and contrast media dose for patients,image noise,CT value,contrast,SNR,CNR,and FOM of coronary artery were all analyzed using one-way ANOV4 analysis for 3 groups.Time windows of ECG-pulsing protocol were analyzed using x2 test,and the image quality scores of coronary artery were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test.Results There were no differences in scan length and Time windows of ECG-pulsing protocol among 3 groups (scan length F =2.58,P ＞ 0.05,Time windows of ECG-pulsing protocol x2 =0.77,P ＞ 0.05).The average contrast media doses were (82.0 ± 6.4),(76.8 ± 6.1),and (59.1 ± 3.5) ml,the average CTDIvol were(27.5 ±6.2),(18.7 ±4.4),and(11.4 ±2.4)mGy,the average DLPs were (427.7 ±92.4),(295.4 ± 77.1),and (183.9 ± 41.3) mGy · cm,and the average EDs were (6.1 ± 1.3),(4.1 ± 1.1),and (2.6 ± 0.6) msy for group A,B and C,respectively.There were statistical differences in contrast media dose,CTDIvoI,DLP,and ED among 3 groups (the F values for contrast media dose,CTDIvol,DLP,and ED were 383.08,248.13,221.05,and 234.81,respectively,all P ＜0.01).Compared to group A and B,the contrast media dose in group C decreased 27.9％ and 23.0％,and the ED decreased 57.4％ and 36.6％,respectively.The average image noise was (22.6 ±2.2),(26.1 ±3.0),and(29.1 ±3.4)HU for group A,B and C,respectively,and there was statistical difference in image noise among 3 groups (F=101.32,P ＜0.01).The average CT value,contrast,SNR,CNR and FOM were (438.3 ± 66.3)HU,(517.3 ± 67.8)HU,19.5 ±2.8,23.0 ±3.0,and 92.9 ± 31.0 in proximal RCA and (440.2 ±59.9) HU,(509.5 ± 62.6) HU,19.6 ±2.6,22.7 ±2.9,and 90.1 ±29.7 in LMA for group A,(534.2 ± 68.8) HU,(628.9 ±70.0) HU,20.7 ± 3.2,24.3 ± 3.6,and 157.6 ± 59.8 in proximal RCA and (528.4 ± 61.2) HU,(607.9 ± 71.2) HU,20.4±3.0,23.5 ±3.4,and 147.6 ±57.6 in LMA for group B,and (602.1 ±78.8)HU,(696.8 ±83.3) HU,20.8 ± 2.9,24.1 ± 3.2,and 239.3 ± 74.8 in proximal RCA and (592.5 ± 72.3) HU,(671.8 ±82.5) HU,20.5 ± 2.5,23.2 ± 3.0,and 221.8 ± 65.7 in LMA for group C,respectively.The CT value,contrast,SNR,CNR and FOM of coronary artery for group C did not decrease (the F values for CT value,contrast,SNR,CNR and FOM were 106.06,119.90,4.69,3.70,and 127.50 in proximal RCA,and 111.79,101.57,2.68,1.39,and 123.00 in LMA,and the P values were ＜0.01,＜0.01,＜0.05,＜0.05,and ＜0.01,in proximal RCA,and ＜0.01,＜0.01,＞0.05,＞0.05,and ＜0.01,in LMA,respectively).Image quality was rated as excellent,general and bad for 631,330,and 37 segments in group A,640,323,and 41 segments in group B,and 615,348,and 45 segments in group C,respectively,there was no significant difference in image quality scores among 3 groups (x2 =1.90,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion For the patient with BMI≤21.5 kg/m2,dual-source CTCA with 80 kV tube voltage setting can be used to diagnose coronary artery disease and the contrast media lose and radiation dosage can be reduced obviously.

Objective To setup a measurement of human bone marrow micromegakaryocyte which based on CD41a and PI double‐labeled flow cytometric analysis ,and study the significance in the diagnosis of MDS .Methods In 42 cases of MDS patients , their bone marrow megakaryocytes were obtained by Percoll density gradient separation medium .The megakaryocyte glycoproteinⅡb/Ⅲa(CD41a)were marked with fluorescein isothiocyanate through its corresponding monoclonal antibody ,and their DNA were marked with PI .Then the megakaryocyte ploidy was analyzed by flow cytometry(FCM ) .Results The method for micromegakaryo‐cyte identification and analysis was established .In 42 patients with MDS ,the detection rate of micromegakaryocyte was 90 .5 per‐cent by FCM analysis ,but only 54 .8 percent by Wright‐Giemsa staining test and 64 .3 percent by immunohistochemistry ,the differ‐ence among them was statistically significant(χ2 = 13 .640 ,P= 0 .001) .The 42 patients with MDS were divided into two groups (low‐risk group and high‐risk group) .The detection rates of micromegakaryocyte were 81 .8 percent in low‐risk group and 100 per‐cent in high‐risk group separately by FCM analysis ,the difference was statistically significant(χ2 =4 .019 ,P=0 .045) .Conclusion The detection rate of micromegakaryocyte by FCM with CD41a and PI double marker is higher than that by cytochemical staining . The detection rate of micromegakaryocyte in the high‐risk group is higher than that of the low‐risk group ,which shows that the de‐tection of micromegakaryocyte is of great significance for MDS prognosis assessment .

Objective To investigate the feasibility of ADC values that derived from MR DWI with multiple b values in reflecting the amplitude of enhancement and degree of differentiation in cervical squamous cell carcinomas on 3.0T MR scanner.Methods DWI and multiple phase contrast enhanced MRI images of 31 patients with pathologically diagnosed cervical squamous cell carcinomas were retrospectively analyzed.All ADC values in different b values and the amplitude of signal intensity enhancement were measured in various areas of tumors.Correlations of differences of ADCs in high and low b values with early and late enhancement,and the relationship of ADC and differences of ADCs with pathologically tumor differentiation grades were analyzed.Results ADC value in high and low enhanced areas of cervical cancer was inversely related with different b values.Differences of ADCs between low b value (200 s/mm2) and high b values (800,1 000,1 200,1 400 s/mm2) had weak positive correlation with early enhancement (r=0.315-0.339,all P＜0.05).While b=800 s/mm2 and 1 000 s/mm2,ADCs in highly enhanced areas of tumor were significantly lower in well-differentiated cancer lesions compared with those of poorly differentiated cancer lesions.There was no statistically significant of ADC value in other b values,and also of differences of ADCs in all b values in different differentiation foci (all P＞0.05).No differences were found in ADC values under other b values in various degree of differentiation foci,nor in differences of ADCs in all b values (all P＞0.05).Conclusion Combination of multiple b values of DWI may have the potential to reflect blood supply and tumor differentiation grades in cervical squamous cell carcinomas,while low b value of 200 s/mm2 and high b values of 800 s/mm2 and 1 000 s/mm2 will be the preferable choice on 3.0T MR scanner.