The modern literatures on the diseases treated with acupuncture at Shenmen (HT 7) were collected. Using literature statistical analysis in bibliometrics, the common compatibility of Shenmen (HT 7) and the disease spectrum were analyzed so as to provide the references of the diseases that can be treated with acupuncture at Shenmen (HT 7). It was found that 39 kinds of diseases and symptoms, mainly nerve system disedses, could be treated with acupuncture at Shenmen (HT 7), including insomnia, depression, anxiety and dementia. Shenmen (HT 7) was seldom used alone. Instead, it was commonly used along with Baihui (GV 20), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Neiguan (PC 6), Sishencong (EX-HN 1) and Taicong (LR 3).
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; statistics & numerical data ; Bibliometrics ; Humans

With more and more attention and investment on acupuncture scientific researches, considerable outcomes and achievements has been acquired, but the shortcoming of low transformation rate of acupuncture research achievements is gradually exposed. Nowadays there is no related report on this problem, so based on achievement translational research in other areas and practical situation of acupuncture, the existing problems and solutions are analyzed. As a result, the existing problems include (1) the research content is mainly basic research and clinical research but less acupuncture device research, leading to limited transformation efficiency; (2) the evaluation system and transformation pattern are still needed to be perfect. The solutions are (1) to properly evaluate the research achievements of acupuncture, (2) to advocate the concept and method of translational medicine, (3) to reform the policy and system, and (4) to establish valid platforms covering research, outcomes and transformation.
Acupuncture ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; manpower ; Biomedical Research ; Biotechnology ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; manpower ; China ; Humans ; Technology Transfer

Chinese medicine pair (CMP) was frequently applied in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinic, and its significance was shown in long-term clinical practices and many accumulated experiences. It is the unique combination of two relatively fixed Chinese medicines in TCM clinic with the basic feature and principle of TCM compatibility, is the most fundamental and the simplest form of TCM formulae with certain theory basis and combinatory reason, which is proven effective. And the unique combination is frequently used for achieving mutual reinforcement or detoxication. CMP is an intermediate point between single herb and many TCM formulae, reflecting the regularity of TCM formulae compatibility and connotation of differential treatment. This paper analyzed and summarized the basic characteristics, development process and research significance of CMP, which aims to lead the modern basic and applied research on compatibility theory of CMP.
Drug Interactions ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; methods

OBJECTIVETo assess the efficacy of ultrasonic irrigation of the root canal in vivo and in vitro.

METHODSSixty anterior teeth or premolars with the diagnosis of periapical periodontitis were divided into two groups (syringe irrigation group, group S and ultrasonic irrigation group, group U) and were evaluated clinically. Sixty extracted teeth with single straight canals were selected. Forty of them were divided into two groups and were evaluated histologically. Another twenty teeth were divided into two groups and were evaluated by SEM.

RESULTSClinically, the number of lateral canals obturated in group U was more than that in group S (P < 0.01). The incidence of pain during irrigation were 13.3% in group S, and 3.3% in group U (P > 0.05). Histologically, the amount of organic debris of the root canals in group U were significantly less than that in group S (P < 0.01). By SEM study, the number of visible open dentinal tubules in group U were significantly greater than that in group S (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONUltrasonic irrigation of the root canal will be a useful technique in root canal therapy.

Humans ; Molar ; ultrastructure ; Periapical Diseases ; therapy ; Root Canal Irrigants ; therapeutic use ; Root Canal Therapy ; Ultrasonics

Autopsy ; China ; epidemiology ; Congenital Abnormalities ; epidemiology ; etiology ; mortality ; Folic Acid ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Survival Rate ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo explore the biomarkers of manganese exposure by measuring the manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) level as well as the mRNA change of Hepcidin, divalent metal-ion transporter-1 (DMT1) and Parkin-2, one of genes related to Parkinson disease in body fluid and brain tissues of rat.

METHODSMale Sprague-Dawley rats were administered (i.p) either MnCl2 solution (6 mg Mn/kg) or the same volume saline, 5 times per week and for 4 weeks. Graphic furnace Atom Absorption Spectrum (AAS) was applied to measure the concentration of Mn and Fe in brain tissue and body fluids. Meanwhile Hepcidin, DMT1 and Parkin-2 mRNA expression were detected by real-time RT-PCR.

RESULTSMn concentration in erythrocytes of rats was the 86.9 folds of that in control; No significant change was found in plasma. However the trend and range of Mn increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was the same as that in brain tissue including striatum, cortex, hippocampus and choroid plexus. Meanwhile Fe concentration in brain tissue of Mn exposed rats was also higher than that of control, whose trend was as same as that in CSF. However iron concentration in plasma decreased. The real-time RT-PCR data also showed that Hepcidin mRNA expression in Mn-exposed rat decreased 56% in blood, which was in line with its expression in cortex(67%). Similarly, Parkin-2 mRNA expression decreased both in blood (42%) and in striatum. However DMT1 mRNA expression increase 38% in striatum of Mn-exposed rats but decreased in blood.

CONCLUSIONHepcidin and Parkin-2 mRNA expression in blood might be serves as the effective biomarkers following manganese exposure, certainly which needs to be further explored.

Animals ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cation Transport Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Corpus Striatum ; metabolism ; Environmental Exposure ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hepcidins ; Iron ; blood ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Male ; Manganese ; blood ; cerebrospinal fluid ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; genetics ; metabolism

Global Health ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; history ; mortality ; virology

OBJECTIVETo examine the expressions of HLA class I antigen and CD8 in various cervical diseases and investigate their association with cervical cancer.

METHODSThe expressions of HLA class I antigen and CD8 in cervical tissues sampled from patients with cervical cancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and chronic cervicitis were detected using SP immunohistochemistry. The association of the expressions of HLA class I antigen and CD8 with the clinicopathologic indices of the patients was analyzed.

RESULTSThe positive expression rates of HLA class I antigen in cervical cancer, CIN, and chronic cervicitis were 22.6%, 100.0%, and 100.0%, and the positive expression rates of CD8 were 22.6%, 95.5%, and 100.0%, respectively. The positive rates of HLA class I antigen and CD8 were significantly lower in patients with cervical cancer (P<0.01). Patients with stage I cervical cancer had significantly higher positive rates of HLA class I antigen and CD8 than those with stage II cervical cancer (46.7% vs 0.0%, 46.7% vs 0.0%, both P<0.01). The expressions of HLA class I antigen and CD8 decreased with the progression of the clinicopathological stages, and may even become undetectable. The expressions of HLA class I antigen and CD8 were not related to the differentiation degree of the tumor or lymph node metastasis (P>0.05). A positive correlation was found between HLA class I antigen expression and CD8 expression.

CONCLUSIONThe expressions of HLA class I antigen and CD8 are down-regulated or deleted in CIN and cervical cancer, and they may play important roles in the development and progression of CIN and cervical cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; CD8 Antigens ; immunology ; metabolism ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; immunology ; pathology ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I ; immunology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; immunology ; pathology

BACKGROUND: Although a large number of related studies have been carried out, there is still a lack of practical methods to amplify hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs)in vitro.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)secrete a variety of cytokines that promote the HSCs proliferation and inhibit their differentiation. These cytokines play an important role in maintaining the hematopoietic microenvironment and regulating HSCs function. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of bone marrow MSCs on the proliferation of HSCs in vitro under different coculture modes. METHODS:Mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow of C57BL/6 mice were cultured in vitro using the whole bone marrow adherent culture. CD117+cells (HSCs) were sorted from passage 3 cells by using miniMACS magnetic beads sorting. Then, CD117+cells were co-cultured with MSCs under different coculture models, including single culture of HSCs (control group), Transwell coculture (upper chamber, HSCs; lower chamber, MSCs) and two-dimensional contact coculture (coculturing HSCs and MSCs in 24-well plates). The morphology of HSCs was observed under phase contrast microscope and fluorescence microscope, and the number of active cells of HSCs was counted at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after coculture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: During the coculture of 1-7 days, the number of HSCs in the two groups was increased with culture time (P <0.05). After 3 days of coculture, HSCs in each group was grown into the logarithmic growth phase, and morphological changes in some HSCs were detected at 5 days of coculture. At 7 days of coculture, the viabilities of HSCs in different culture models were ranked as follows: single culture model < Transwell coculture model < two-dimensional contact coculture model (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that MSCs can effectively promote the proliferation of HSCs in vitro,and the promotion effect is increased under contact coculture conditions.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of ligand of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) 15d-PGJ2 on the proliferation and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and to study the role played by PPAR gamma during the process of HSC activation.

METHODSBy using RT-PCR and cell culture, we investigated the effects of 5 micro mol/L and 10 micro mol/L 15d-PGJ2 on culture-activated HSC and on PDGF-induced HSC proliferation, production of extracellular matrix and expression of chemokines.

RESULTSThe expression of alpha-SMA was significantly suppressed by 5mumol/L 15d-PGJ2, and the expression of PPAR gamma was significantly higher in the 15d-PGJ2 treated group than in the untreated group (0.64+/-0.03 vs 0.09+/-0.01, t=36.0517, P<0.01); PDGF-induced HSC proliferation was dose-dependently suppressed by 15d-PGJ2; the expressions of PPAR gamma in 5 micro mol/L and also in 10 micro mol/L 15d-PGJ2 plus PDGF pre-treated group increased much more than those in the PDGF-treated group (0.03+/-0.02 vs 0.60+/-0.03, t=42.6616, P<0.01 and 0.03+/-0.02 vs 0.69+/-0.04, t=33.83, P<0.01); the expressions of alpha-SMA, alpha 1 (I)-collagen and MCP-1 were suppressed.

CONCLUSIONActivation of PPAR gamma can modulate pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory roles of HSC and the increased expression of PPAR gamma may become a new target for antifibrosis.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Male ; PPAR gamma ; metabolism ; Prostaglandin D2 ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar