AIM: To evaluate the accuracy of central conreal thickness ( CCT ) using EX500 Excimer Laser workstation (EX500) in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) patients.METHODS:The CCT of 120 eyes (63 patients) who had LASIK between January 2013 and June 2013 were measured by A- scan and EX500. Three groups were classified: >550μm, 500 ~550μm, <500μm according the CCT value of A-scan. The CCT were measured again by corneal flap creating by moria SBK microkeratome. The thickness of the corneal bed stroma were measured by A-scan and EX500 after keratomileusis. All outcomes were analyzed with paired t test.
RESULTS: The average preoperative CCT value was 527. 9±34. 3μm measured by A-scan, 528. 5±34. 6μm measured by EX500. There was no significant difference between these two measurements (t=1. 736, P=0. 085). In group which CCT >550μm, the average preoperative CCT value was 571. 4±17. 3μm measured by A-scan, 572.7±15. 7μm measured by EX500. There was no significant difference between these two measurements (t=1. 857, P=0. 072). In group which CCT 500 ~ 550μm, the average preoperative CCT value was 523. 4±13. 1μm measured by A-scan, 524. 2±12. 4μm measured by EX500. There was no significant difference between these two measurements ( t=1. 934, P = 0. 058 ). In group which CCT <500μm, the average preoperative CCT value 484. 5±9.8μm measured by A-scan, 483. 7±8. 9μm measured by EX500. There was no significant difference between these two measurements (t=1. 395, P=0. 174). The average CCT value after corneal flap lifting was 401. 3 ± 34. 2μm measured by A-scan, 393. 4±38. 9μm measured by EX500. There was a significant difference between these two measurements ( t = 6. 669, P = 0. 000 ). The average thickness of the corneal bed stroma value after keratomileusis was 332. 6±38. 3μm measured by A-scan, 307. 3 ± 37. 1μm measured by EX500. There was a significant difference between these two measurements ( t=17. 165, P=0. 000).
CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference between preoperative CCT value measured by A-scan and EX500. After corneal flap lifting and keratomileusis, the CCT value measured by EX500 is smaller than measured by A-scan.

Objective To observe the metabolism and distribution of arsenic in liver and brain of offspring rata by exposure to arsenic of pregnant rats or lactation dams and weaned pups,and explore if arsenic could penetrate the placental barrier,lactation barrier and blood brain barrier. Methods The Wistar female rots were randomly divided into four groups according to body weights,12 in each group,and were fed with drinking water that contained arsenic(NaAsO_2) 0,10,50,100 mg/L beginning from the gestafional day 6 until pups 42 days old. Pups were separately sacrificed on postnatal day(PND) 0,15,28,42. Arsenic in liver and brain of offspring rots and in breast milk was examined by atomic absorption speetrophotometer with an arsenic speeiation pretreatment system. Results Concentration of iAs,MMA,DMA of brain in 50,100 mg/L groups were higher than that of 0 mg/L group[0,0,0,(7.3±6.6),0,(44.2±27.4)ng/g]on PND 0,42[iAs: (120.0±46.0),(195.5±125.3),(216.5±278.4),(176.6±151.8) ng/g; M MA: (47.2±18.1),(199.6±389.1),(47.4±55.2),(82.7±79.2) ng/g; DMA: (984.3±377.4),(2222.1±1433.2),(998.1±368.3),(1781.3±715.7)ng/g,all P < 0.05]. Concentration of DMA of brain in 50,100 mg/L groups were higher than that of 0 mg/L group[(13.9±18.1),(50.6±98.3)ng/g]on PND 15,28 [(270.3±73.1),(323.9±72.7),(758.7±245.9),(1020.6±383.6) ng/g,all P < 0.05]. Concentration of iAs,DMA of liver in 10,50,100 mg/L groups were higher than that of 0 mg/L group [(1.4±3.5),(49.7± 47.1),0,(100.4±30.2)ng/g]on PND 28,42 [iAs: (37.5±28.1),(268.8±246.4),(307.2±339.9),(15.4±9.4),(479.1±161.1),(408.4±51.9)ng/g;DMA: (594.5±148.8),(3181.9±519.0),(4834.2±2568.4),(1061.8± 85.2),(3697.1±553.7),(4120.0±732.8) ng/g,all P < 0.05]. Concentration of DMA of liver in 10,50,100 mg/L groups were higher than that of 0 mg/L group[(13.2±20.5)ng/g]on PND 15[(182.0±60,2),(637.6±90.0),(1458.7±196.3)ng/g,all P < 0.05]. Concentration of arsenicals of liver and brain showed a dose-dependent increase. The concentrations of DMA of breast milk in 50,100 mg/L groups were also higher than that of 0 mg/L group[(9.8±13.4),0 ng/g]on PND 0,15 [(182.3±85.9),(372.2±203.9),(124.2±33.1),(244.4±196.5)ng/g,all P < 0.05]. In the analysis of the change of arsenic on different postnatal day,we found the concentration of iAs,MMA,DMA,TMA in liver and brain of pups all decreased on postnatal day 15,and was lower than that on PND 0,28 and 42. Conclusions The distribution of arsenic and methyl-metabolism in liver and brain of pups is related with arsenic exposure dose. Arsenic can penetrate the placenta and blood brain barrier easily and lactation can hinder arsenic intake in some extent.

ObjectiveTo study the state of oxidative injury induced by sodium arsenite(NaAsO2) in SV-40-immortalized normal uroepithelial (SV-HUC-1 ) cells.Methods SV-HUC-1 cells were exposed to different concentrations of NaAsO2[0(control),1,2,4,8,10 μmol/L] for 24 h,intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by flow cytometry,and the content ofintracellular nitrotyrosine(NT) and the 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels of cell culture medium were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results After 24 h treatment,ROS levels(81.76 ± 4.91,95.23 ± 2.17,126.61 ± 17.95,126.74 ± 27.77,114.18 ± 9.65) of SV-HUC-1 cells in the 1,2,4,8,10 μmol/L NaAsO2 exposure groups were significantly higher than those of the control group (69.84 ± 1.28,P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ),ROS levels and exposure dose were positively correlated significantly(r =0.818,P＜ 0.01); the content of NT in the 10 μmol/L NaAsO2 exposure group[(919.66 ± 206.33) μg/L] was significantly higher than that in the control group[ (238.19 ± 38.28)μg/L,P ＜ 0.01 ],NT content and dye concentrations of arsenic also had dose-response relationship (r =0.617,P ＜ 0.01); after 24 h the cells were treated with arsenic,no significant difference of 8-OHdG content in the culture medium was observed(F =2.127,P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionNaAsO2 can cause SV-HUC-1 cell oxidative damage.

AIM: To evaluate the changes of corneal high - order aberration (including Coma, Spab, RMSh) after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with femtosecond laser, sub- Bowman keratomileusis ( SBK ) and laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK). METHODS: Of 82 myopic patients ( 164 eyes ), 31 patients (62 eyes) were treated by FS-LASIK, 31 patients (62 eyes) were treated by SBK, 20 patients (40 eyes) were treated by LASEK. Sirius system was used for measuring the coma aberration, spherical aberration, and high order aberration at 1, 15d,1, 3mo after surgery. RESULTS: 1) Vision: The uncorrected visual acuity of the three groups had no differences (P>0. 05). 2) Corneal aberrations: Three kinds of surgical procedure for patients with corneal aberration had significant impact. The C7, C8, C12 and RMSh of three groups were increased significantly (P<0. 05). The C7, C8, C12 and RMSh were not recovered to preoperative levels after 3mo. But the increase of patients after FS- LASIK was smaller than the other two groups, with statistical significance (P<0. 05). CONCLUSION: Compared with SBK and LASEK, FS - LASIK has better visual acuity in the early postoperative and corneal higher-order aberrations increase is relatively small.

Objective To explore factors affecting prehospital aid training program of community service providers and discuss optimal method of popularize prehospital aid training. Methods 91 community service providers from two communities of Shanghai were recruited by convenient sampling and randomly divided into three groups of different prehospital aid training models. Knowledge and skills assessment scale of the Red Cross was used to evaluate the training effect at the time of pre-training, post-training, 1 month and 3 month after training. Results There was no statistically significant difference of general characteristics, knowledge and skills among the three groups (P > 0. 05). With average scores of post-training, 1 month and 3 month after training as dependent variables, multiple linear regression demonstrated that management, education background, training model of group B and C, average scores of post-training and 1 month after training were correlated with the dependent variables, respectively. Average scores of the four time point were statistically different among the latter three groups. Conclusions Effect of prehospital aid training varies among community service providers of different education background. Early stage training has influence on that of later stage. Managers and optimal training models can promote the effect of prehospital aid training.

Objective　To explore the relationship between hemolymph phenol oxidase and the melanization of Plasmodium yoelii oocysts in Anopheles dirus. Methods　An Anopheles dirus-Plasmodium yoelii system was used Anopheles dirus were divided into 3 groups, that is, non-blood-fedding (N), normal-blood-fedding (B) and infected-blood-fedding (I). The activities of MPO and o-DPO in hemolymph from 3 groups were determined with native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and density scanning at 5, 7, 11 and 15 d after blood feeding. Results　Both MPO and o-DPO activity were significantly higher in group I than group N and B (P<0.05). But with the melanization of Plasmodium yoelii oocysts, both MPO and o-DPO activity in group I were decreased in comparison with group N, especially on the 15 th day after infected-blood feeding. MPO and o-DPO activity in group B were significantly stronger than those of group N. Conclusion　Blood feeding and infection of Plasmodium yoelii both can activate the cascade. The heamolymph phenol oxidase may play an important role in the melanization of Plasmodium yoelii oocysts in Anopheles dirus.

Objective To observe the distribution and metabolism of arsenic speciation in urine of rats exposed to different concentrations of dimethylaraenic acid (DMA) through drinking water.Methods Thrity six weaning Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control,low-dose group and high-dose group,12 rats in each group(6 female and 6 male); average body weight of female rats was (60 ± 5)g,and male rats was (50 ± 5)g.All rats of the 3 groups were given DMA at concentrations of 0,100,200 mg/L,respectively,corresponding to their specific groups through drinking water for 10 weeks.Inorganic arsenic(iAs),monomethylarsenic acid(MMA),DMA and trimethylarsenic compound (TMA) in urine were measured by hydride generation trapping and ultrahypothermia coupled with atomic absorption spectrometry.Results After feeding for 10 weeks,the differences of rat urinary concentrations of iAs,MMA,DMA and TMA between normal control,low-dose group and high-dose group were statistically significant(x2 =25.441,25.942,25.751,17.767,all P＜ 0.01).Urinary concentrations of iAs,MMA and DMA(2.541,4.383,24.447 mg/L) of low-dose group were significant higher than those of normal control (0.784,0.000,0.743 mg/L,all P ＜ 0.05) ; iAs,MMA,DMA and TMA(3.978,7.186,35.112,4.518 mg/L) of high-dose group were significantly higher than those of normal control(0.784,0.000,0.743,0.000 mg/L,all P ＜ 0.05).The concentrations increased along with increasing doses of DMA concentrations in drinking water(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions After rats are exposed to DMA,most of the DMA are excreted in unchanged form in urine and a small portion of DMA is metabolized into TMA.

OBJECTIVETo establish and optimize the two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) map of epidermal cells separated from the hypertrophic scar tissues so as to explore the function of the non cultured epidermal cells during the course of the formation of hypertrophic scar.

METHODSTo separate the epidermal cells from the scar tissues, the scar epidermis was digested with Dispase II and trypsin. The total protein of the cells was then extracted and separated with 2-DE and visualized with silver stain. Spots detection and matching were performed with Melaine 3.0 gels analyzing software. The results were then compared with the normal epidermal cells' 2-DE map coming from the Danish Center for Human Genome Research' s 2-DE PAGE Databases.

RESULTSNearly more than 600 protein spots were identified in the final optimized 2-DE map. We found out 24 differentially expressed proteins by comparing the difference in composition, shape or density of all the spots. In the 24 proteins, there are 8 up-regulated ones, 9 down-regulated ones, 4 disappeared ones and 3 newly founded ones.

CONCLUSIONSThe method of digesting the epidermis with Dispase II and trypsin to separate the epidermal cells to establish the 2-DE map is feasible and it made the further study on hypertrophic scar proteomics possible. The 24 differentially expressed proteins revealed that epidermal cells might play a role in the formation of hypertrophic scar.

Cell Line ; Child ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; methods ; Epidermis ; metabolism ; Humans ; Proteome ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the signal roles of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) on proliferation and collagen synthesis of fibroblasts derived from hypertrophic scar(HS-FB) and normal skin (NS-FB) by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1).

METHODSHS-FB and NS-FB were cultured and passaged in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium(DMEM). The PTK activity in unstimulated or IFN-gamma or TGF-beta1-stimulated HS-FB and NS-FB (10,30,60 and 120 min) were assayed by phosphorus (32P) incorporation. Cell proliferation was determined with MTT stain. The type III procollagen was measured by radioimmunoassay.

RESULTSTGF-beta1 did not change PTK activity but it increased predominately proliferation and collagen synthesis of HS-FB and NS-FB in time-dependent fashion. Genistein, an inhibitor of PTK, inhibited HS-FB and NS-FB to proliferate and synthesize collagen but it could not change the roles on proliferation and collagen synthesis by TGF-beta1. IFN-gamma activated transiently PTK (P < 0.05) and increased proliferation and collagen synthesis of both fibroblast (P < 0.05, at 30 min, 60 min). As the recovery of PTK activity, the proliferation and collagen synthesis were inhibited by IFN-gamma at 120 min. Furthermore, Genistein abrogated the transient increased roles and partly reversed the longterm inhibitory functions by IFN-gamma (P < 0.05) . There were no difference on PTK activity, proliferation and collagen synthesis between HS-FB and NS-FB.

CONCLUSIONSPTK did not mediate the signal of TGF-beta1 but transduced the signal of transient increased roles of IFN-gamma. Inhibited or activated PTK might mediate the signal of decreasing or increasing proliferation and collagen synthesis of fibroblast.

Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Collagen ; biosynthesis ; Dermis ; metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; pharmacology ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; pharmacology ; Wound Healing

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Tiao Shen Jie Jing needling (regulating the mind and release spasm) in treating post-stroke upper-limb spastic palsy. Method Ninety patients with post-stroke upper-limb spastic palsy were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 45 cases each. The observation group was intervened by Tiao Shen Jie Jing needling, while the control group was given ordinary acupuncture. The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), short-form Fugl-Meyer Assessment (SFMA) and Barthel Index (BI) were evaluated and recorded prior to the treatment, after 2-week and 4-week treatment and 3 months later after the intervention; the serumγ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was detected before and after the treatment. Result The total effective rate was 83.3% in the observation group versus 61.0% in the control group, and the efficacy of the observation group was superior to that of the control group (P<0.05). The scores of each scale showed improvements after the treatment in both groups (P<0.05), and the improvements in the observation group were more significant (P < 0.05). The follow-up showed continuing improvements in the scales in the observation group, which were superior to those in the control group (P<0.05); after the treatment, the content of GABA in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Tiao Shen Jie Jing needling can effectively ameliorate the upper-limb spasm,as well as the motor function of the upper extremities, improve the activities of daily living and maintain a long-term efficacy, better than ordinary acupuncture. The action mechanism is related to the regulation of GABA content in serum.