Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Cytodiagnosis ; methods ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Specimen Handling ; methods ; Sputum

Objective To investigate the changing pattern of antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative bacilli isolated from respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) for rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility of 1 047 isolates of gram-negative bacilli from 2000 to 2004 was tested by disk diffusion method.WHONET 5.3 software was used to analyze the data.Results The most common pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (42.9%),Stenotrophomonas malto- philia (17.1%),Acinetobacter baurnannii (10.0%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.5%).The susceptibility rate of P.aerug- inosa was relatively higher to ceftazidime (50%-74%),amikacin (33.3%-81.0%),piperacillin-tazobactam (30.4%-64.6%) and cefoperazone-sulbactam (33.5%-47.5%),while the susceptibility to imipenem decreased.The susceptibility rate of S. maltophilia was relatively higher to cefoperazone-sulbactam (47.2%-78.6%) and ticarcillin-clavulanic acid(28.3%-86.6%). More than 90% of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were susceptible to imipenem.The susceptibility rates of K.pneumoniae to imipenem and cefepime were 92.9%-100% and 55.6%-80.0%,respectively.The susceptibility rate to piperacillin-tazobac- tam decreased from 58.3% to 21.7%.The prevalence of extended-spectrum?-lactamases (ESBLs) in K.pneumoniae increased from 11.1% in 2002 to 47.8% in 2004.Conclusions Most pathogens show significant resistance to the most commonly used an- tibiotics.It is very important to select antibiotics for the treatment of infections in ICU based on the results of susceptibility.

Objective To study in vitro the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on the proliferation and differentiation of cultured myoblasts,and to explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind any therapeutic effect of LIPUS.Methods Myoblasts were isolated from the skeletal muscles of mice and cultured in vitro.Treatment and control groups of proliferating and differentiating myoblasts were defined.The treatment groups were exposed to LIPUS at 1.5 MHz and a spatial and temporal average intensity of 30 mW/cm2,for 20 min daily,the proliferation group for 6 consecutive days and the differentiation group for 4 consecutive days.The cell proliferation kinetics of the proliferation group were analyzed using flow cytometry.The expression of myogenic regulation factor MyoD and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the proliferation group,and of myosin heavy chain (MHC) in the differentiation group were examined by immunofluorescent staining.Myoblast fusion indexes were analyzed.Results In the LIPUS treatment groups the proliferating myoblasts had a higher ratio of active cells in the G2 and S phases (19.30％ ±5.14％,37.00％ ±8.72％),compared with the controls (10.33％ ± 1.53％,25.00％ ±4.36％),and the proliferation index increased significantly.The expression of HO-1 was up-regulated,while MyoD staining was unchanged.During the induction of differentiation,the myoblasts of the treatment group fused into smaller myotubes and the myoblast fusion index (18.73％ ± 6.81％) was significantly lower than that of the control group (37.52％ ± 11.23％),while MHC expression did not change markedly.Conclusion LIPUS can promote myoblast proliferation while inhibiting their differentiation,but it does not affect the cells' myogenic properties.HO-1 may be involved in the regulation process.

Objective To investigate the consumption status of iodized salt and iodine nutrition status of Tianjin residents,and to provide a scientific basis for iodine supplementation.Methods Sampling methods:① Salt iodine:According to The National Project of Surveillance on IDD,the iodine in salt samples from 18 Tianjin districts (counties) was tested between 2002 to 2011.②Iodine nutritional status of children:Investigation of iodine nutritional status of children was conducted four times in 2002,2005,2009 and 2011.In 2002 and 2005,two primary schools were selected in each district.By age,gender parity principle,40 subjects aged from 8 to 10 in each school were randomly selected to perform thyroid examination and 20 of them were selected to collect urine samples for determination of urinary iodine.In 2009,according to their sub-area positions in the north,the south,the east,the west and the center of each district,5 primary schools were selected in each town (if there were less than five towns in the district,all towns had been selected).Twenty subjects aged from 8 to 10 in each school were selected to collect urine samples for determination of urinary iodine.In 2011,probability sampling method (PPS) was used to select 30 primary schools,and then 40 children aged from 8 to 10 were randomly selected in each school to examine thyroids.At the same time,urine samples from 12 children of the 40 selected children were tested.③Iodine nutritional status of women of childbearing age:In 2007,2008 and 2010,150,50 and 60 women of childbearing age were selected in Hangu District,urine samples of them were collected for determination of urinary iodine.④Iodine nutritional status of pregnant and lactating women:In 2011,3 towns around each primary school were selected.Five pregnant and five lactating women were selected in each town,urine samples of them were collected for determination of urinary iodine.Test methods:①Salt iodine was tested by direct titration,while Sichuan salt and other reinforced edible salt by arbitration determination based on the General Test Method in Salt Industry-Determination of Iodide Ion (GB/T 13025.7-1999).②Thyroid was tested by B-type-ultrasound and judged according to Diagnostic Criterion of Endemic Goiter (WS 276-2007).③Urinary iodine was tested by the Method for Determination of Iodine in Urine by As3+-Ce4+ Catalytic Spectrophotometry (WS/T 107-2006).Results From 2002 to 2011,the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt,the rate of qualified iodized salt,the coverage rate of iodized salt,the rate of non-iodinated salt was 92.7％(43 489/46 926),97.4％(43 489/44 694),95.1％ (44 694/46 926) and 4.8％(2273/46 926),respectively.The median salt iodine was in the range of 29.2-36.7 mg/kg.Children's urinary iodine was monitored 4 times,the median urinary iodine was 228.0,221.5,191.8; and 194.7 μg/L,respectively.Children goiter rates were 2.1％(27/1258),1.6％(19/1186) and 2.1％(26/1219) of the 3 times monitored.The median urinary iodine in pregnant and lactating women was 145.2 and 136.0 μg/L.The median urinary iodine in women of childbearing age was 130.7,196.1 and 229.5 μg/L,which increased with the increase of coverage of iodized salt.Conclusions The iodine nutrition of Tianjin residents,women of childbearing age and lactating women are at appropriate level.The iodine nutrition of pregnant women is lower than appropriate level.Recommended salt iodine level in our city is 30 mg/kg,or 25 mg/kg for ordinary residents,and 30 mg/kg for pregnant women.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of adult osteofluomsis in the endemic fluomsis areas in Tianjin and to provide scientific foundation for endemic fluorosis.Methods Stratified sampling in 55 villages were selected in 3 areas with slight,moderate and severe fluorosis regions in Tianjin from April to June in 2008.Water fluorine were tested and clinical osteofluorosis examinations were conducted to the population aging 16 and above in the villages.Tweenty villages were selected randomly in the slight,moderate and severe fluorosis regions.X-ray osteofluorosis examination were conducted to patients and suspected patients in these 20 villages.Results The geometric mean fluoride content in the water for the 3 areas were 1.35 mg/L,3.44 mg/L,5.49 mg/L,respectively.The prevalence of osteofluorosis were 36.7%(44/120),20.6%(33/160),39.4%(43/109),respectively.The prevalence of osteofluorosis Was increased gradually(r=0.534,P<0.01)and the symptoms and signs of the disease were more serious(H=84.813,P<0.01).The prevalence of X-ray diagnosis Was increased gradually(r=0.990,P<0.01)and signs of the disease were more severe(H=25.169,P<0.01)with an increase in age.There was no statistical significance of prevalence rate of osteofluorosis between males and females,regardless if it Was a clinical diagnosis(X2=0.343,P>0.05)or an X-ray diagnosis(X2=3.532,P>0.05).Conclusions Adult osteofluorosis to a certain extent is still prevalent in the fluorosis areas in Tianjin.Endemic fluorosis is still rampant.Improving water in fulorosis areas should be mandatory.

AIM To explore the effects of ligustrazine on blood rheology,aldose reductase (AR) and renal function in diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats.METHODS The DN rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotoein (55 mg/kg),rats were randomly divided into five groups,model group,irbesartan [50 mg/(kg · d)] group,high-,middle-and low-dose of ligustrazine [200,100,50 mg/(kg · d)] groups,together with normal control group.All the rats received daily garage for eight successive weeks.At the end of experiment,blood rheology,blood glucose,aldose reductase in erythrocyte and kidney tissue,24 h urinary protein,blood urea nitrogen,creatinine,creatinine clearance and renal function were observed.RESULTS Compared with the model group,blood rheology,blood glucose and renal function in various treatment groups were effectively improved,and aldose reductase activity was significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05).HE staining and PAS staining showed that the pathological changes in kidney were significantly alleviated.CONCLUSION Ligustrazine can protect kidney of DN rats by ameliorating blood rheology,decreasing blood glucose and inhibiting aldose reductase activity.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Kanglaite injection on cyclooxygenase activity in lung carcinoma A549 cells.

METHODSThe expression of mRNA of COX-1 and COX-2 were measured by RT-PCR. The expression of COX-2 protein was measured by Western-blot.

RESULTKanglaite injection could selectively decreased COX-2 mRNA expression and protein expression while COX-1 mRNA expression was unchanged.

CONCLUSIONKanglaite injection is selectively inhibitory agent of COX-2, and possess inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase 2.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; enzymology ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Coix ; chemistry ; Cyclooxygenase 1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Injections ; Lung Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology ; Plant Oils ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seeds ; chemistry

AIMTo introduce the manufacture and use of a simple, new type of drop recorder of frog heart.

METHODSTo improve the perfusion device of (see text for symbol) and Straub method. Two electrodes of drop recorder were fixed in an injector of 20 ml. The input tube, output tube and resistance tube were all made of plastic material.

RESULTSThis device could be used to observe effects of preload, after-load, hormone and electrolyte on the cardiac output in isolated frog heart.

CONCLUSIONThe new type of drop recorder was economical and could be easily operated, it could be also connected to computer. Using the new type of drop recorder, effects of various physical and chemical factors on cardiac function could be observed directly, accurately.

Animals ; Electrodes ; Heart ; physiology ; Infusion Pumps ; Ranidae ; Weights and Measures ; instrumentation

This study is to investigate the effect and mechanism of puerarin on DNA damage of HaCaT cells induced by UVB. Puerarin pre-treated cells were irradiated with UVB at 30 mJ x cm(-2). Twenty four hours after irradiation, DNA damage was detected by comet assay, ceramide was measured by thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography, intracellular free calcium ion was analyzed by flow cytometry, the phosphorylation level of p38 protein was examined by Western blotting method. Levels of DNA damage, ceramide, free calcium ion and p-p38 protein were elevated in UVB model cells. Contrary to the model group, all indicators above were reduced in all groups pre-treated by puerarin. Puerarin restrains the ceramide accumulation to block downstream p38 MAPK pathway and calcium ion rising, therefore reduces DNA damage in HaCaT cells induced by UVB.
Calcium ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Ceramides ; metabolism ; DNA Damage ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; Keratinocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Ultraviolet Rays ; adverse effects ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

Objective: To observe the effects of moxibustion pretreatment on the protein expressions of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphorylation extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and activated protein-1 (AP-1), the key factors of extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling transduction pathway in gastric tissue of rats with stress-induced gastric mucosal damage, and to discuss the mechanisms of moxibustion therapy in promoting the restoration of damaged gastric mucosa.
Methods: Thirty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, and a moxibustion group using the random digits table, 10 in each group. Except the rats in the normal group, rats in the other two groups were used to make stress-induced gastric mucosal damage model using restraint and cold stress. Before modeling, rats in the moxibustion group were alternately treated with moxibustion at Zusanli (ST 36) and Zhongwan (CV 12), or Pishu (BL 20) and Weishu (BL 21), once a day, for a total of 8 d. Histological changes of gastric mucosa were observed under the light microscopy, the expression of gastric tissue p-ERK1/2 was detected by immunohistochemistry assay, and the protein levels of EGFR and AP-1 were measured by Western blots.
Results: Compared with rats in the normal group, gastric mucosal damage was more serious, and protein expressions of gastric tissue EGFR, p-ERK1/2 and AP-1 increased in the model group (P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.05). Compared with rats in the model group, gastric mucosal damage was milder, and protein expressions of gastric tissue EGFR, p-ERK1/2 and AP-1 increased in the moxibustion group (allP<0.01).
Conclusion:Moxibustion at Zusanli (ST 36), Zhongwan (CV 12), Pishu (BL 20) and Weishu (BL 21) couldincrease EGFR, p-ERK1/2 and AP-1 expression levels in gastric tissue of stress-induced gastric mucosal damage rats, maintain the information transfer function of ERK signaling transduction pathway, and promote restoration of gastric mucosal damage.