Objective To discuss the clinical significance of fetal encephalic accumulated fluid revealed by prenatal ultrasonography.Methods Prenatal ultrasonography was performed on 8426 women at more than 20 weeks' gestation.Totally 150 women with fetal encephalic accumulated fluid more than 5 mm were included in this study.The changes of fetal encephalie accumulated fluid and the associated anomalies were observed regularly every 2 weeks until delivery.The live infants were followed up regularly.Results The incidence of fetal encephalic fluid was 1.8%,including 72 cases with fluid in the fetal anterior or posterior cornu of unilateral ventricle,46 cases with accumulated fluid in fetal posterior fossa,32 cases with fluid in more than 2 sites.Generally,the accumulated fluid in fetal encephalus was first diagnosed at 17-40 gestational weeks,with a median of(26?5)weeks.Most of them were found between 29-32 gestational weeks(63 cases,42.0%),and the maximum amount of accumulated fluid was also found between 29-32 weeks(70 cases,46.7%).Spontaneous regression of intracranial fluid could be seen in 111 fetuses (74.0%).The period of fluid regression ranged from 29 to 40 weeks of gestation,of which the average gestational week was(36?2)weeks.Additionally,the most frequent period of regression was in the first two thirds of the three trimesters of pregnancy.The incidence of defected infants was 3.8%,10.2% and 67.4%,respectively,when the amount of accumulated fluid was less than 10mm,10-14 mm and more than 15 mm.And the accumulated fluid in more than 2 sites was also a risk factor of defected fetuses,with an incidence of 60.0%.Conclusions Most cases could be diagnosed between 29-32 gestational weeks, and the maximum amount of accumulated fluid is also observed in this period.The more fluid in fetal encephalus,the more sites the fluid distributed in,the more defected fetuses or infants would be observed.So in cases of more than 15 mm of fluid,or accumulated fluid in more than 2 sites,anomalies should be observed extremely carefully.

Objective To study the influence of valproate sodium(VPA)on neuroprotective effects of topiramate(TPM).Methods For-ty-eight 3-4 week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 12 rats each.Group A was negative control rats,and groups B-D were rat model of epilepsy,induced by pentylenetetrazol(PTZ).The rats in 2 experimental groups were adminstered intragastrically with TPM 40 mg/kg and TPM 40 mg/kg+ VPA 200 mg/kg;2 control groups(groups A and B)with the equal amount of distilled water administration.After 2-month administration,changes of the behavior,levels of serum neuron-specific enolase(NSE)and the pathological in hippocampus were examined.Results The level of NSE in the group of TPM were significantly lower than that in masculine group,but no difference between masculine group and the TPM plus VPA.The pathological change in hippocampus were abatement in the group of TPM.Conclusion TPM plus high dosage of VPA will impaire the neuroprotective effects of TPM.

Objective To explore protective effect of topiramate (TPM) and folic acid (FA) on mitochondrial damage in hippocampal CA3 neurons during pentylenetetrazol- induced kindling in immature rats.Methods Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) - induced kindling in rats was used to establish rat models of epilepsy.Forty-eight 3-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: two therapy groups with TPM 40 mg/(kg?d) or TPM 40 mg/(kg?d) and FA 5 mg/(kg?d) administration, 2 control groups (positive control group and negative control group) with the equal amount of distilled water administration. The seizure behaviors of rats were evaluated. Two months later, the rats were killed and the brain sections were made. The mitochondrial ultrastructures of neurons in hippocampal CA3 region were observed with transmission electron microscope.Results In the positive control group, the frequency of seizure was (48.4 ? 3.7)times, while in TPM group (44.3 ? 3.1)times and in TPM and FA group(40.8 ? 3 .7)times.The differences were significant among three groups (Pa

Objective ] To investigate the application and management of antibacterials in hospitals under our administration. [ Methods] All medical institutions under our administration were investigated and supervised for their organizational system in clinical use of antibacterials and for their use of antibacterials in outpatients and inpatients. [ Results ] All hospitals under our administration had improved their medical management organization and related systems, and the proportion of antibacterial usage in outpatients and inpatients had been reduced. [ Conclusion] The clinical usage of antibacterials has been gradually standardized, but there is much to be desired.And supervision and training need to be enhanced in this regard.

OBJECTIVETo explore syndrome and treatment laws for treating diseases of the pulmonary system by establishing database based on clinical works by modern famous veteran doctors of Chinese medicine (CM).

METHODSClinical experience and literature of medical records in clinical works by modern famous veteran doctors of CM were taken as data source. Database was established by fields and program design. On these bases, data mining methods such as frequency analysis, cluster analysis, factor analysis, and correlation laws were performed in syndrome and treatment laws for treating diseases of the pulmonary system.

RESULTSEstablished were database capable of literature searching, information statistics, data mining of modern famous veteran doctors of CM. A total of 34,414 data were input, including medical records and notes 28,045 items (81.49%) and clinical experience 6,369 items (18.51%). In medical records and notes, there were 14,048 items (50.09%) in male and 9,466 items (33.75%) in female, and the ratio of male to female was 1.48:1. There were 4,531 items (16.16%) with no marked gender in medical records or notes. Data mining such as correlation analysis, cluster analysis, factor analysis, correlation laws in more fields could be realized.

CONCLUSIONSMedical records and notes were dominated in data collected in this paper. The prevalence of pulmonary diseases was obviously higher in males than in females. The trend of concentrated manifestations in related fields for pulmonary diseases could be surfed by this database. Diagnosis and treatment laws for treating diseases of the pulmonary system could be found by various adaptive data mining targeting different fields. Multi-variables of symptoms, syndromes, prescriptions, and herbal drugs could be data mined in large samples of clinical literatures.

Data Mining ; Databases, Factual ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Veterans

Abdominal Neoplasms ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Ki-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; Leukocytosis ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Receptors, Complement 3b ; metabolism ; Receptors, Complement 3d ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEA comparative study on the role of Campylobacter jejuni (CJ) HB9313 and galE mutant in inducing experimental sciatic nerve damage was conducted in guinea pigs in order to explore whether CJ lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS) is critical component associated with peripheral nerve lesions and find experimental evidence for the presumption of molecular mimicry on the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barre syndromes (GBS) with CJ antecedent infection.

METHODSA total of 32 guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups: parental strain group (n = 10), galE mutant group (n = 10), control group (n = 6) and PBS group (n = 6), and immunized with the whole cell antigens of CJ HB9313 with Freund's adjuvant (FA), the whole cell antigens of galE mutant (without ganglioside-like structure) with FA, PBS with FA, and PBS alone, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to detect anti-LOS and anti-ganglioside GM1 antibodies in sera of these animals, and comparative morphologic studies of pathologic changes were carried out on the sciatic nerves, including examination of teasing fibers, examination of semithin sections made from epon-embedded tissue blocks under light microscope and transmission electron microscope.

RESULTSELISA results indicated that after immunization, the levels of anti-LOS IgG antibody were significantly elevated in animals from parental strain group and galE mutant group as compared with those before immunization (P < 0.01). No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. However, the mean optical densities (ODs) of IgG antibody against GM1 at 14 and 28 day after immunization, in parental strain group, were 0.661 +/- 0.290 and 0.984 +/- 0.025, respectively, significantly higher than those of galE mutant group, which were 0.193 +/- 0.078 and 0.180 +/- 0.063 (P < 0.01). The results of morphologic examination on sciatic nerves showed that for teased-fiber study, incidence of pathologic abnormalities of teased fibers from animals of galE mutant group was 4.9% (98/2000), significantly lower than that from parental strain group, which was 16% (320/2000), characterized by predominantly axonal degeneration. The difference between them was highly significant statistically (P < 0.01). Examination of semithin sections of sciatic nerves also revealed that obvious pathological changes occurred in the animals from parental strain group, while only minimal abnormalities could be seen from galE mutant group, there was a significant differences between them (P < 0.01). In parental strains group, the predominant pathologicanl change was axonal degeneration with considerable variation in severity. These morphologic changes were confirmed by electron microscopy.

CONCLUSIONCompared with parental strain, galE mutant without ganglioside-like structure no longer could induce anti-GM1 antibodies, nor induce obvious immune damage of peripheral nerves in experimental guinea pigs. The results of this study provide a strong support to the hypothesis of molecular mimicry as a pathogenesis in patients with GBS following CJ antecedent infection.

Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; blood ; Campylobacter jejuni ; genetics ; immunology ; pathogenicity ; G(M1) Ganglioside ; immunology ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome ; etiology ; Guinea Pigs ; Immunization ; Lipopolysaccharides ; immunology ; UDPglucose 4-Epimerase ; physiology

Objective To report the outcome of emergency repair traumatized limbs by vascularized free tissue transplantation.Methods From April 1988 to August 2004,86 patients,58 men and 28 women,had undergone emergency vascularized free tissue transplantation to have their injured limbs repaired in 54 cases and the missing thumbs reconstructed in 32.The patients aged from 5 to 55 (mean 27.9) years. The transplants included latissimus dorsi myocutaneons flap,anterolateral femoral skin flap,medial crural skin flaps,dorsal pedal flaps,medial plantar flap,composite tissue mass of the discarded limbs and big toe skin- nail flap.The operations were performed 1 to 5 days after injuries.Results Postoperative vascular crises occurred in 8 cases and were all followed by exploration with successes in 5 cases while failure in 3.The total survival rate of the transplants was 96.5% (83/86).In this series all the patients were followed up for 1 to 16 years with a mean of 7.5 years only to reveal satisfying functional recovery in all the repaired limbs and an ex- cellent and good rate of 87.5% in the reconstructed thumbs.Conclusion Emergency vascularized free tis- sue transplantation is an effective way to repair a traumatized limb and to reconstruct a traumatically missing thumb.

AIMTo explore the influence of GABAergic neurotransmitters and GABAA receptors on the auditory afferent impulses recorded in the brainstem evoked by electro-stimulation.

METHODSBrainstem slices were prepared using ddy/ddy mice of postnatal 0-5th days. The brainstem slices were stained with a voltage-sensitive dye(NK3041). The cut end of the vestibulocochlear nerve (nVIIIth) connected with slices was stimulated by a tungsten electrode, a 16 x 16 pixels silicon photodiode array apparatus was used to record the optical mapping from auditory brainstem slices. The data were analyzed by ARGUS-50/PDA software.

RESULTSThe spatial-temporal patterns of the excitatory propagation from the vestibulocochlear nerve (nVIIIth) to cochlear nucleus and vestibular nucleus were displayed with multiple-sites optical recording. The optical signal coming from one pixel consisted of a fast spike-like response and a following slow response. Inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA decreased the fast spike-like response and following slow response of evoked optical signals, while an antagonist BMI against GABAA receptors increased the both responses.

CONCLUSIONA 16 x 16 pixel silicon photodiode array apparatus can be used to record multiple-sites optical mapping evoked by electro-stimulation to the cut end of the vestibulocochlear nerve. The every optical signal consists of both presynaptic and postsynaptic elements. Inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA and an antagonist BMI of GABAA receptors can modulate the excitatory propagation of evoked optical signals.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Auditory Pathways ; physiology ; Brain Stem ; physiology ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mice ; Neurons, Afferent ; physiology ; Optics and Photonics ; Photic Stimulation ; Receptors, GABA-A ; physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of osteopontin mRNA and its correlation with clinicopathologic features of gastric cancer and elucidate its role in tumor invasion and distant metastasis.

METHODSThe expression of OPN mRNA was detected by semi-quantitive RT-PCR. The relationship between the relative content of OPN mRNA and clinicopathologic features of gastric cancer was analyzed.

RESULTSIn 66 cancer tissue samples, a 330 bp band was detected in 50 cases, the positive rate of OPN mRNA expression was 75.8% (50/66). The expression in all 20 cases of normal gastric mucosa was negative. The expression was associated with the depth of tumor invasion, diameter, lymph node metastasis and but had no correlation with differentiation grades. The 66 patients were followed up for 10 approximately 27 months (mean 16 months). The OPN mRNA expression positive group (50 cases) had recurrence in 15 patients and the negative group (16 cases) had only 1 case with recurrence (P = 0.05); 10 patients died in OPN mRNA expression positive group but no patient died in OPN staining negative group (P = 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOPN mRNA is over-expressed in gastric cancer. It reflects the progression of disease and association with poor prognosis of gastric cancer. OPN may play an important role in the process of distant metastasis in gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteopontin ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Prognosis ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology