Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Cerebral Infarction ; blood ; genetics ; Female ; Fibrinogen ; genetics ; metabolism ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Affinity chromatography is a chromatographic method for separating molecules using the binding characteristics of the stationary phase with potential drug molecules. This method can be performed as a high throughput screening method and a chromatographic separation method to screen a variety of active drugs. This paper summarizes the history of affinity chromatography, screening technology of affinity chromatography, and application of affinity chromatography in screening bio-active compounds in herbal medicines, and then discusses its application prospects, in order to broaden applications of the affinity chromatography in drug screening.
Animals ; Chromatography, Affinity ; methods ; trends ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; methods ; trends ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Objective To study the prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy and the quasi-latent Keshan disease in villages of non-endemic areas of six Keshan disease endemic provinces in China,and to provide reference values for proposing a elimination standard of keshan disease.Methods County,township and village was selected as the study area by using multi-stage sampling in non-Keshan disease areas of Sichuan,Shanxi,Henan,Shandong and in Keshan disease areas of Chongqing and Yunnan.In each county two townships were selected and in each township one village was chosen.The residents of the villages sampled were surveyed by questionnaire,physical examination,electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiac echocardiography.Suspected dilated cardiomyopathy patients had chest X-ray.Dilated cardiomyopathy patients were diagnosed according to the criteria proposed by 2006 World Health Organization/International Society and Federation of Cardiology (WHO/ISFC).Results The number of investigated villages was 126 and 54 139 people were surveyed by questionnaire and clinical examination.Ten patients with dilated cardiomyopathy were found,the prevalence was 18.47/100 000(10/54 139),and its 95％ confidence interval was 18.11/100 000-18.84/100 000.A total of 197 patients with quasi-latent Keshan disease were found,the prevalence was 363.88/100 000 (197/54 139),and its 95％ confidence interval was 362.27/100 000-365.49/ 100 000.The prevalence of male quasi-latent Keshan disease was 353.34/100 000(83/23 490) and of female was 372.07/100 000(114/30 639).The number of subjects with normal and abnormal ECG was 45 222 and 8917,respectively,and the rate of abnormal ECG was 16.47％.The highest rate of abnormal ECG was 38.28％ (1585/4141) in Chongqing.The lowest rate of abnormal ECG was 8.10％ (1175/14 507) in Yunnan.The highest detection rate of T wave and ST segment changes was 4.67％ (2528/54 139).In abnormal ECG indices,the detection rate of Henan,Shandong and Chongqing was higher,and all of them were higher than 10.0％.Conclusions We suggest that the reference baselines of dilated cardiomyopathy and quasi-latent Keshan disease in Keshan disease areas of the six provinces in the south of China be 18.47/100 000 and 363.88/100 000,respectively.

AIM:To observe and analyze the change of visual field and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness of primary open-angle glaucoma ( POAG ) after the Ex-press glaucoma shunt implantation.
●METHODS:A total of 14 patients (24 eyes) with POAG were underwent Ex-press glaucoma shunt implantation. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure ( lOP ) , mean defect ( MD) , pattern standard deviation ( PSD ) , retinal nerve fiber layer thickness ( RNFLT ) , and corneal endothelial cell number were collected preoperatively. Visual acuity and lOP were collected in 1wk, 1 and 3mo postoperatively respectively. Also, MD, PSD, RNFLT, and corneal endothelial cell number were collected preoperatively and 3mo postoperatively respectively. Complication, the additional treatment, success rate were analyzed.
●RESULTS:There was no significant difference (P>0. 05) in visual acuity preoperative and postoperative 1wk, 1, 3mo. Visual acuity did not significantly reduce after operation. Compared with preoperative, there was significant decreased (P<0. 05) in lOP after 1wk, 1, 3mo postoperative, respectively. lOP keep stead in postoperative 3mo. The reduction of RNFLT had significant difference (P<0. 05) between preoperative and postoperative 3mo. Compared with preoperation, MD and PSD had no significant difference ( P > 0. 05 ) after postoperative 3mo. Corneal endothelial cell number decrease had significant difference (Z=-2. 585, P=0. 01) between preoperative and postoperative 3mo. Success rate: complete success: 79. 2% ( 19 eyes ); partial success:8. 3% (2 eyes);failure:12. 5% (3 eyes).
●CONCLUSION: Ex-press glaucoma shunt implantation could efficiently decrease the lOP in POAG patients. Although it results in reduction of RNFLT in short time. The visual acuity and visual field keep stable after operation. lt is a safe and effective device for treating primary open-angle glaucoma.

To study the potential effect of Dioscorea nipponica(DN) in intervening peripheral system of rats based on metabolomic analysis. The identification of the potential intervention targets of DN in peripheral system may facilitate its safe application and therapeutic potential exploitation. Totally 20 male SD rats were randomly divided into the blank group and the DN-treated groups, with 10 rates in each group. The DN-treated group was orally administrated with DN extracts once a day for 5 days, with the dose of 80 mg x kg(-1) (equivalent to 15 g crude drug in human), and the blank group was given equal volume of saline once a day for 5 days. Heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney tissues and serum samples were collected from each rat 24 h later after the last administration. The ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry based metabolomics was used to investigate the effect of DN in intervening peripheral system of rats. After the treatment with DN, 5 modulated metabolites in heart tissue, 6 in liver tissue, 5 in spleen tissue, 3 in lung tissue, 5 in kidney tissue and 6 in serum sample were identified and considered as the potential intervention targets of DN. Effect of DN in regulating some endogenous metabolites was beneficial for protecting peripheral system, while that in other endogenous metabolites produced potential toxicity to peripheral system. The metabolomic analysis revealed the coexistence of protective and toxic effects of DN on peripheral system, which may be a practical guidance for its safe application and beneficial to the expansion of its application scope.
Animals ; Dioscorea ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Heart ; drug effects ; Kidney ; chemistry ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Liver ; chemistry ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Lung ; chemistry ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Metabolomics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spleen ; drug effects ; metabolism

Objective:To explore the cytogenetic characteristics of hypospadias in children by karyotype analysis.Methods:From June 2008 to May 2018, 45 children with hypospadias in Tianjin Children's Hospital had cytogenetic abnormalities. Their median age was 10 months(range 3 hours to 5 years old). Of the 45 cases, 20 were proximal hypospadias, 1 was middle hypospadias. All 24 cases had varying degrees of genitourinary malformations. Among them, 15 cases had unilateral or bilateral cryptorchidism, 5 cases had scrotal division, 3 cases had penile scrotal transposition, 3 cases had small penis, 3 cases had indirect inguinal hernia, 1 case had repeated urethra, 1 case had hydrocele and 1 case had concealed penis. To the other systemic malformations, there was 1 with cleft lip and palate and 1 with congenital heart disease. G-banding karyotype analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes was performed in all 45 cases.Results:Among the 45 cases of hypospadias with abnormal karyotypes, with an abnormal rate of 14.0%, 28 cases (62.22%) had sex chromosome abnormalities, including (47, XXY), (46, XX/47, XXY), (45, X0/47, XYY), etc. Sexual inversion occurred in 8 cases (17.78%), all of which were 46, XX. There were 4 autosomal abnormalities (8.89%), including (46, XY, 9p+ ), (46, XY, 10p+ ) and (46, XY, 1q+ ). Chromosome polymorphism was found in 4 cases (8.89%), including [46, XY, inv(9)] and [46, XY, 16qh+ ], and the equilibrium translocation of 1 case (2.22%) was [45, XY, -21, -22, + t(21; 22)]. Among the 45 cases, 8 sex reversal children with (46, XX) chromosome karyotype were all proximal hypospadias.Conclusions:Children with hypospadias may be associated with chromosomal karyotype abnormalities, including sex chromosomal abnormalities, autosomal abnormalities, chromosome polymorphism and balanced translocation. Among them, sex chromosome abnormality was the most common and balanced translocation was the least.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the distribution and frequency of UGTIA6 A541G genetic polymorphism in Han epileptic children from Henan and to evaluate the effect of UGTIA6 A541G genetic polymorphism on serum concentrations of valproic acid.

METHODSThe method of gas chromatography was used to assay serum concentrations of valproic acid. UGTIA6 A541G genetic polymorphism was screened by PCR-RFLP. Direct sequencing was used to confirm the expected sequences of each genotype.

RESULTSThe genotypic frequencies of UGTIA6 A541G were as follows: AA in 76 cases, AG in 65 cases and GG in 6 cases. The mean values of serum concentrations of valproic acid in patients with A541G AA, AG and GG were 3.91+/-1.57, 3.59+/-1.39 and 3.73+/-1.28 microg/mL, respectively (dose-adjusted trough concentration on a mg/kg basis). There were no significant differences in serum concentrations of valproic acid among the three groups.

CONCLUSIONSUGT1A6 A541G gene polymorphism does not influence serum concentrations of valproic acid in Han epileptic children. Individual differences in serum concentrations of valproic acid may be attributed to many factors.

Adolescent ; Anticonvulsants ; metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; ethnology ; Epilepsy ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Glucuronosyltransferase ; genetics ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Valproic Acid ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanism of demethylation therapy of leukemia by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR).

METHODSBy using MTT test, NBT reduction reaction and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, changes in proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis were observed in K562, HL-60 and fresh leukemia cells after treated with 5-aza-CdR. The mRNA expressions of DNMTs, p15, p53 and bcl-2 were measured by RT-PCR. The status of p15(INK4B) gene methylation was examined by methylation-specific PCR (MSP-PCR).

RESULTSThe growth inhibition of K562, HL-60 and fresh leukemia cells displayed a dose and time-dependent manner after treated by 5-aza-CdR. The differentiation-inducing ability on HL-60 cells was obvious at 0.5 micromol/L of 5-aza-CdR. The up-regulation of p15 mRNA and p53 mRNA expression and down-regulation of bcl-2 mRNA expression were obvious as compared with the control, but the DNMTs expression was not significantly different from the control. The methylation status of p15 gene in fresh leukemia cells decreased gradually with increasing concentration of 5-aza-CdR.

CONCLUSIONThe proliferation of leukemia cells was obviously inhibited by 5-aza-CdR, its mechanism maybe related to the up-regulation of p15 and p53 genes and down-regulation of bcl-2 gene. The decrease of p15 gene methylation was associated with the competitive inhibition of 5-aza-CdR.

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Azacitidine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15 ; DNA Methylation ; drug effects ; DNA Modification Methylases ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

The objects of research on the resources chemistry of Chinese medicinal materials (RCCMM) are promotion of efficient production, rational utilization and improving quality of CMM and natural products. The development of TCM cause depends on the efficient utilization and sustainable development of CMM, hinges on the technologies and methods for using and discovering medicinal biological resources, stand or fall on the extension of industy chains, detailed utilizaion of resource chemical components by multi-way, multi-level. All of these may help to the recycling utilization and sound development of RCMM. In this article, five respects were discussed to the RCCMM researches and resources recycling utilization ways and goals and tasks. First, based on the principle of resource scarcity, discovering or replacing CMM resources, protecting the rare or endangered species or resources. Second, based on the multifunctionality of CMM, realizing the value-added and value compensation, and promoting the utilization efficiency through systermatic and detailed exploitation and utilization. Third, based on the resource conservation and environment-friendly, reducing raw material consumption, lowering cost, promoting recycling utilization and elevating utilization efficiency. Fourth, based on the stratege of turning harm into good, using the invasive alien biological resources by multi-ways and enriching the medicial resources. Fifth, based on the method of structure modification of chemical components, exploring and enhancing the utility value of resouces chemical substances. These data should provide references and attention for improving the utilization efficiency, promoting the development of recycling economy, and changing the mode of economic growth of agriculture and industry of CMM fundamentally.
Agriculture ; economics ; trends ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; economics ; trends ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; economics ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; economics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; trends ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development

The industrialization chains and their products, which were formed from the process of the production of medicinal materials-prepared drug in pieces and deep processed product of Chinese material medica (CMM) resources, have generated large benefits of social and economic. However, The large of herb-medicine castoff of "non-medicinal parts" and "rejected materials" produced inevitably during the process of Chinese medicinal resources produce and process, and the residues, waste water and waste gas were produced during the manufactured and deep processed product of CMM. These lead to the waste of resources and environmental pollution. Our previous researches had proposed the "three utilization strategies" and "three types of resources models" of herb-medicine castoff according to the different physicochemical property of resources constitutes, resources potential and utility value of herb-medicine castoff. This article focus on the conversion efficiency of resources model and analysis the ways, technologies, practices, and application in herb-medicine cast off of the conversion efficiency of resources model based on the recycling economy theory of resources and thoughts of resources chemistry of CMM. These data may be promote and resolve the key problems limited the industrialization of Chinese material medica for long time and promote the realization of herb-medicine castoff resources utilization.
Biotransformation ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; methods ; Drug Industry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Research Design