?AlM: To evaluate the relationship of early-life and childhood exposures and age-related cataract ( ARC ) , and provide a scientific evidence for early preventing, treating and detecting ARC.
?METHODS: A hospital-based case control study was conducted from April 2011 to October 2012. A total of 360 cases ( 360 eyes ) aged 41 ~ 60 years old for cataract extraction and 360 frequency-matched controls in the same hospital for various not related to ARC were included in the study. A structured interviewer -administrated questionnaire that included information on sociodemographic characteristics, early - life and childhood exposures was used. The risk factors of ARC were estimated with unconditioned logistic regression models.
?RESULTS:Early gestational age at birth sooner and lower birth weight was significantly associated with the risk of ARC(OR=1. 152,95%CI:1. 029~2. 235,P=0. 024;OR=1. 374, 95%CI:1. 156 ~2. 581,P=0. 037,respectively). The maternal pre-pregnancy diabetes ( OR=1. 587, 95%CI:1. 177~2. 915,P=0. 019),gestational diabetes (OR=1. 763, 95%CI:1. 375 ~ 2. 367,P= 0. 004), preeclampsia(OR=1. 581, 95%CI: 1. 139 ~1. 996,P=0. 021), and pregnancy induced hypertension (OR=1. 517, 95%CI:1. 032~1. 963,P=0. 024) could make the risk of ARC increased. Of the factors affecting the period of children, only shorter height relative to peers and overweight at age 10 were significantly associated with the risk of ARC( OR=1. 329, 95%CI:1. 072~2. 351,P=0. 038;OR=2. 302, 95%CI:1. 323~3. 196,P=0. 011, respectively).
?CONCLUSlON:Early gestational age at birth, low birth weight, the maternal pre - pregnancy diabetes, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and gestational hypertension, and shorter height and overweight relative to peers, at age 10 were risk factors of ARC. But lasted long large and prospective studies are needed to insure early risk factors for ARC in the Chinese population.

Objective To compare the clinical features between cryptogenic stoke(CS)with and without right-to-left shunt(RLS)so as to determine whether shunt severity determined by control-enhanced transcranial Doppler(c-TCD)is correlated with the risk of paradoxical embolism(RoPE)score.Methods We made a retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics of 138 CS patients with and without RLS admitted to our department between January 2014 and November 2016.For patients documented by c-TCD,we evaluated whether there was a correlation between RLS severity and RoPE score. RLS was diagnosed by c-TCD and contrast-enhanced transthoracic echocardiography(c-TTE).We compared every modality for detecting RLS with and without Valsalva maneuver.For patients found with RLS in c-TCD and c-TTE,we judged whether there was an agreement in grading RLS between two modalities.Results For patients with CS,shunt severity by c-TCD was positively correlated with RoPE score(r= 0.26,P= 0.05).The clinical features were different between CS patients with RLS and without RLS.Compared with the positive results of c-TCD and c-TTE at rest,the positive rate was higher in Valsalva maneuver,respectively(P＜0.01).There was a moderate agreement between shunt grades identified by the two techniques(Kappa=0.428).Conclusion There is a positive correlation between RoPE score and RLS severity determined by c-TCD in CS patients.Valsalva maneuver can significantly increase the positive rate of RLS detected by c-TCD and c-TTE.

Objective To survey of the usage of psychotropic drugs in mental health institutions in Hebei province in 2011.Methods Use limit daily dose ( DDD) , pharmacoeconomics frequency analysis method and drug sales amount were as index.The drug outbound records of 39 mental health institutions in Hebei province on 2011 were analyzed.Re-sults The ranked first of psychotropic drugs in mental health institutions of different grades ( grade 3,2,1) were as followed.The ranked first of antipsychotic drug were quetiapine , risperidone, clozapinein in the 3,2, 1 institutions , respectively.The ranked first of antidepressants were cita-lopram, paroxetine, amitriptyline,in the 3,2,1 institutions, respectively.The ranked first of emotional stabilizer were magnesium valproate sus-tained-release tablets ( SR) , magnesium valproate SR , valproate in the 3,2,1 institutions, respectively.Conclusion Mental health institutions in Hebei province at all grades have tended to use the new generation of psychotropic drugs with reasonable -price, definite -curative, but significant differences exist in the medical institutions at differert levels.

The present study was to investigate whether endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) was involved in oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced scavenger receptor A1 (SR-A1) upregulation in macrophages. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with 20 mmol/L of 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) for 30 min and then treated with ox-LDL (50 mg/L) for 12 h or stimulated with 2 mg/L tunicamycin (TM) or 2 μmol/L thapsigagin (TG) for 4 h. In addition, RAW264.7 cells were incubated with 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L TM for 4 h or treated with 2 mg/L TM for 1, 2 and 4 h, respectively. The intracellular total cholesterol (TC) content was measured using a tissue/cell total cholesterol assay kit. The protein and mRNA expressions of SR-A1 and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) were analyzed by Western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. Dil-ox-LDL uptake was detected using a microplate reader. The results showed that ox-LDL-induced cholesterol accumulation in macrophages was attenuated by PBA, an ERS inhibitor. Ox-LDL caused significant SR-A1 upregulation with concomitant activation of ERS as assessed by upregulation of GRP78, whereas PBA significantly inhibited the ox-LDL-induced SR-A1 upregulation (P < 0.05) and slightly decreased GRP78 expression by 39.3% (P = 0.057). TM, an ERS inducer, upregulated SR-A1 protein expression and ox-LDL uptake in dose- and time-dependent manner, but had no significant effect on SR-A1 mRNA level. However, the TM- or TG-induced SR-A1 upregulation and ox-LDL uptake were significantly mitigated by PBA. These data indicate that ERS plays a critical role in ox-LDL-induced SR-A1 upregulation, which in turn enhances the foam cell formation by uptaking more ox-LDL.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; pharmacology ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Mice ; Scavenger Receptors, Class A ; metabolism ; Up-Regulation

The aim of this paper was to discuss the protective effect and mechanism of Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharides( ASPs) on immunological liver injury caused by conanavalin A( Con A). BALB/c mice were randomly divided into seven groups: control group,model group( Con A),low-,medium-,and high-dose( 36. 25,72. 5,145 mg·kg~(-1)) ASPs groups,bifendate( 200 mg·kg~(-1),positive drug) group and pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate( PDTC,NF-κB inhibitor,200 mg·kg~(-1)) group. ASPs groups and bifendate group were given with corresponding drugs by ig administration once daily for 7 d. Control group,model group and PDTC group were given with normal saline by ig administration once daily for 7 d. After the last ig administration,PDTC was given in DTC group by iv administration( 200 mg·kg~(-1)); 0. 5 h after that,Con A( 20 mg·kg~(-1)) was injected via the tail vein to induce immunological liver injury in all the mice except normal control group. The mice were killed 8 h later and their liver tissues were collected for histopathological examination. The contents of nitric oxide( NO),superoxide dismutase( SOD),malondialdehyde( MDA),reduced glutathione( GSHPX),interleukin( IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor( TNF-α) in liver tissues were detected by kit assay. Western blot method was used to detect TNF-α,intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1( ICAM-1),inducible nitric oxide synthase( i NOS) and nuclear factor( NF-κB) protein expression in liver tissues. As compared with model group,ASPs not only could reduce the activity of MDA,NO,IL-1β and TNF-α,but also increase the content of GSH-PX and SOD; at the same time,the protein expression levels of TNF-α,ICAM-1,i NOS and NF-κB were reduced in liver tissues; in addition,inflammatory cell infiltration was alleviated,hepatocyte cytoplasm was loose and swollen,and nuclear condensation and staining were improved. ASPs has a protective effect on immunological liver injury,and the mechanism may be associated with regulating secretion of inflammatory cytokines and the expression of adhesion factor through NF-κB signaling pathway.
Animals ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; drug therapy ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Eleutherococcus ; chemistry ; Liver ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Peptides, Cyclic ; Polysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Signal Transduction