Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Chondrosarcoma ; pathology ; Chordoma ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Sphenoid Sinus

Alzheimers disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder severely affecting the aged population. Its pathological hallmarks include amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, loss of synapes and neurons as well as brain inflammation. This review focuses on multiple roles of p38MAPK, one of the members of mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK) family, in the pathogenesis and progression of AD. The review discusses the evidences of p38 activation in AD models, its connection with each pathological mark of AD and the interaction between p38 and significant pathophysiological process, such as inflammation, neuronal apoptosis and hyperphosphorylation of tau. Moreover, a discussion is also made to address the basis of p38 as the target for therapeutic intervention in AD. All in all, p38 is considered to be a new promising target for drugs to control the progression of AD.

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis of endometriosis by studying endometriosis coexisting with variable genital tract anomalies and analysis the association between obstructive or nonobstructive anomalies with endometriosis.Methods From January 2000 to April 2010,a total of 67 cases of endometriosis coexisting with genital tract anomalies undergoing treatment in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were studied retrospectively.Results According to subtypes of concurrent genital tract anomalies,67 cases were divided into 19 cases in obstructive group and 48 cases in non-obstructive group.(1) Age and symptoms:the mean age were (22 ± 8) years in obstructive group and (32 ± 7) years in non-obstructive group,which reached statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).The major symptoms were dysmenorrheal or chronic pelvic pain (14/19) and amenorrhea (8/19) in obstructive group.However,in non-obstructive group,the major symptoms were dysmenorrheal or chronic pelvic pain (31％,15/48) and infertility (35％,17/48) and abortion (21％,10/48).(2) Degree and incidence of endometriosis:the moderate or severe endometriosis was 11/19 in obstructive group and 40％ (19/48) in non-obstructive group,which did not show statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of peritoneal endometriosis,ovarian endometriosis,adenomyosis did not show significant difference between two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).The rate of moderate or severe endometriosis coexisting with duplex uterus,uterus bicornis and uterus septus did not show significant difference in non-obstructive group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The severity of endometriosis showed no association with obstructive anomalies.The results implied that there might be other factors involved in pathogenesis of endometriosis.

Objective To investigate clinical features and management of complicated or rare vulvovaginal anomalies derived from urogenital sinus malformation.Methods Medical documents of 6 cases with vulvovaginal anomalies treated in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Peking Union Medical College Hospital in the past 10 years were reviewed retrospectively.According to embryological and anatomical characteristics,the classification system were established.Results This kind of vulvovngihal anomalies was very rare and not enrolled into current diagnosis and treatment system. All patients had a common clinical features:menstruation bleeding and urine from the same outflow tract;and two orifices on perineum were found by bimannal examination,one orifice located under clitoris,the other orifice Was anus.No vagihal vestibule and vulvar were observed between those two orifices.According to clinical features,those 6 cases were divided into 3 types:type Ⅰ Was persistence of distant urogenital sinus with clinical manifestation of simple labial fusion;type Ⅱ was low communication between vagina and urogenital sinus (infrasphincterie),presenting with distal vaginai atresia and urethrovagihal fistula;type Ⅲ was high communication (suprasphincteric) with distal vagihal atresia and more proximal urethrovavihal fistula.Type Ⅲ was frequently associated with severe rectum and anus anomaly,and other malformation as well.All patients were treated by surgical correction.Basically.the principle of operation wag to reconstruct perineal appearance,release the obstruction,and rear the defect and ultimately recovering the normal function.The alternative surgical methods should be considered individually.Conclusions The vulvovnginal anomalies derived from urogenital sinus malformation were complicated clinically.To establish classification system will be benefit for clinicians to make diagnosis and choose appropriate treatment. The individualized surgery should be performed on those patients to restore the structure and function,in the mean time,the factors associated with esthetics.sex and psychics should be considered.

Objective To observe the effect of over-expressed amyloid procursor protein(APP) gene on the cholinergic receptor binding and the ChAT activity in human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y.Methods SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with pCMV695 plasmid containing wild type human APP695 gene by Lipofectamine 2000 method.The expression of APP was detected by Western blot.A? contents were test by ELISA assay in over-expression SH-SY5Y cell clones(SH-SY5Y-APP).The special binding of muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors in those A?-overproducing cell clones was determined by radio-ligand binding method.The cholinergic acetyl transferase(ChAT) activity was assayed by radiao-immunoassay.Results No evident morphologic changes of cytotoxicity were detected after transfection.When A? production was 2～2.6 times as much as that of normal cells,muscarinic receptor binding was decreased from 18.5 % to 21.9 %(P

Animals ; Calmodulin ; metabolism ; Epimedium ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by enterbaeterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction(ERIC-PCR)DNA fingerprint. Methods Mycobacterium tuberculosis positive sputum samples between September 2003 to May 2006 were collected and cultured.Chromosomal DNA were extracted and ERIC-PCR DNA fingerprinting was analyzed by software,such as RAPD PHYLIP and Treeview.Results A total of 42 different fingerprints were detected.Phylogenetic analysis showed that they could be classified into three clusters,the clustering rate was 72.6%.The characteristics of ERIC-PCR fingerprint patterns were related to age,drug resistance,and type of resistance.Conclusions ERIC-PCR DNA fingerprinting technique used in this study is good for epidemiological studies with its strong discrimination,simplicity and rapidness.A high level of recent transmission is found in our city.

Objective To study the chemical constituents from the bark of Juglans mandshurica. Methods The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel,HPLC,and recrystallization.Their structures were elucidated by the physicochemical and spectroscopic evidences. Results Fifteen compounds were identified as:4,8-dihydroxynaphthalenyl-O-?D-(6′-acetoxyl)gluco- pyranoside(Ⅰ),dihydrokaempferol(Ⅱ),juglone(Ⅲ),daucosterol(Ⅳ),kaempferol(Ⅴ),4,8-dihy- droxynaphthalenyl-1-O-?-D-[6′-O-(3″,5″-dimethoxy-4″-hydroxybenzoyl)] glucopyranoside(Ⅵ), kaempferol-3-O-?-L-rhamnoside(Ⅶ),3,3′-dimethoxylellagic acid(Ⅷ),naringenin(Ⅸ),quercetin (Ⅹ),reginolone(Ⅺ),quercetin-3-O-?-L-rhamnoside(Ⅻ),naringenin-7-O-?-D-glucoside(ⅩⅢ),4,8- dihydroxynaphthalenyl-1-O-?-glucoside(ⅩⅣ),4,5,8-trihydroxy-?-tetralone-5-O-?-D-[6′-O-(4″-hy- droxy-3″,5″-dimethoxy-benzoyl)] glucoside(ⅩⅤ).Conclusion CompoundⅠ(juglamanol)is a new compound.CompoundsⅡ,Ⅶ—Ⅸ,Ⅻ,andⅩⅢare isolated from plants of Carya Nutt.for the first time.

Silica gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC were applied to isolate the chemical constituents from the roots of Ixeris chinensis. Fifteen compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated by the physicochemical properties and spectral analysis as chinensioide G(1), chinensioide B(2), 10α-hydroxy-guaia-12,6-lactone-3-keton(3), chinensioide C(4), 10α-hydroxy-11βH-guaia-4(5) -ene-12,6-lactone (5), 3β, 10α-dihydroxy-11βH-guaia-11 (13)-ene-12,6-lactone (6), 3β, 10α-dihydroxy-4βH, 11βH-guaia-12,6-lactone(7), 3β, 10α-dihydroxy-guaia-4 (15), 11 (13) -diene-12, 6-lactone (8), caffeic acid (9), p-hydorxyphenylacetic acid(10), methyl p-hydroxyphenylacetate (11), ethyl p-hydroxyphenylacetate (12), sitosterol (13), daucosterol (14), and ixerin D(15). Compound 1 was new, and 6 and 7 were isolated from I. chinensis for the first time.
Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Roots ; chemistry

Objective: To observe the effects of acupoint thread-embedding therapy on serum apelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity due to dampness-heat encumbering spleen.Methods: Sixty-six patients were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group according to the random number table method, with 33 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with exenatide and metformin, while patients in the observation group were treated with additional acupoint thread-embedding. After 12-week treatment, the obesity-related indicators, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and body fat rate, the glycometabolism indicators, including fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin, and the lipid metabolism indicators, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as serum apelin and GLP-1 levels were observed in patients of the two groups. Results: After treatment, the BMI, waist circumference and body fat rate of patients in the two groups were all reduced (all P<0.05), and were lower in the observation group than in the control group (all P<0.05); the fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels of patients in both groups were all decreased (all P<0.05), and were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (all P<0.05); the TC level was decreased (P<0.05), while the TG and LDL-C levels did not change significantly in the control group (both P>0.05); the TC, TG and LDL-C levels were all significantly reduced in the observation group (all P<0.05), lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05); the serum apelin level was decreased (P<0.05) and the serum GLP-1 level was increased (P<0.05) in the observation group, statistically different from those in the control group (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Combined with the conventional medication, acupoint thread-embedding therapy can significantly improve the obesity-related indicators, glycometabolism and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity due to dampness-heat encumbering spleen. This may be achieved by regulating the serum apelin and GLP-1 levels.