OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Ixeris chinensis Nakai. METHODS: The constituents were isolated by silica gel column chromatography, HPLC and recrystallization, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis. RESULTS: Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified as Chinensioide F(1), Chinensioide C(2), daucosterol(3), 6'-phydroxyphenylacetyl-Ixerin D(4), methyl-4-hydroxyphenylacetate(5), p-hydroxyphenylethanol(6), 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hedroxyphenylpropynol(7), 10α-hydroxy-guaia-12,6-lactone-3-keton(8), sitosterol(9), Chinensioide E(10), Chinensioide D(11), Ixerochinoside(12), 3β,10α-dihydroxy-guaia-4(15), 11(13)-diene-12,6-lactone(13), 10α-hydroxy-11βH-guaia-4(15)-ene-12,6-lacton(14) and luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside(15). CONCLUSION: Compound 1 is new (chinensiode F). Compound 4~7 and 12~14 were isolated from I. chinensis Nakai for the first time.

Objective To study the chemical constituents from the bark of Juglans mandshurica. Methods The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel,HPLC,and recrystallization.Their structures were elucidated by the physicochemical and spectroscopic evidences. Results Fifteen compounds were identified as:4,8-dihydroxynaphthalenyl-O-?D-(6′-acetoxyl)gluco- pyranoside(Ⅰ),dihydrokaempferol(Ⅱ),juglone(Ⅲ),daucosterol(Ⅳ),kaempferol(Ⅴ),4,8-dihy- droxynaphthalenyl-1-O-?-D-[6′-O-(3″,5″-dimethoxy-4″-hydroxybenzoyl)] glucopyranoside(Ⅵ), kaempferol-3-O-?-L-rhamnoside(Ⅶ),3,3′-dimethoxylellagic acid(Ⅷ),naringenin(Ⅸ),quercetin (Ⅹ),reginolone(Ⅺ),quercetin-3-O-?-L-rhamnoside(Ⅻ),naringenin-7-O-?-D-glucoside(ⅩⅢ),4,8- dihydroxynaphthalenyl-1-O-?-glucoside(ⅩⅣ),4,5,8-trihydroxy-?-tetralone-5-O-?-D-[6′-O-(4″-hy- droxy-3″,5″-dimethoxy-benzoyl)] glucoside(ⅩⅤ).Conclusion CompoundⅠ(juglamanol)is a new compound.CompoundsⅡ,Ⅶ—Ⅸ,Ⅻ,andⅩⅢare isolated from plants of Carya Nutt.for the first time.

Objective To discuss the clinical methods and curative effect of minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis ( MIPPO) technique applied in the treatment of humeral shaft fractures. Methods A retrospective analysis was applied on 14 patients with humeral fracture underwent the MIPPO operation in our department from April 2012 to March 2013. There were 8 males and 6 females, with their ages ranging from 28 to 64 years. Results Fourteen cases were followed up for 2 months to 12 months (an average of 6 months) . Their incisions got primary healing. The fracture segments got satisfactory reduction with good apposition and alignment radiologically, and the radial never function recovered well. UCLA score concluded as excellent in 13 cases and good in 1 case. Conclusion MIPPO is a safe and effective treatment for the humeral fracture with the benefits of less invasion, fewer complications and higher union rate.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Prostatitis ; diagnosis ; drug therapy

AIM To study the therapeutic effects of Deketoprofen trometamol (D KPT) on adjuvant arthritis (AA) and its side effects on gastroduodena. METHEDS The change of primary and secondary inflammatory and the injury effect of gastroduodena treated with D KPT were observed. The effect of D KPT on prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) produced by peritoneal macrophage (PM) on AA rats in vitro was also observed. RESULTS D KPT (2 5, 5, 10 mg?kg -1 ) significantly inhibited primary inflammatory, secondary inflammatory and multiple arthritis of AA rats. D KPT(10 -8 ,10 -7 ,10 -6 ,10 -5 ,10 -4 mol?L -1 )inhibited the elevated PGE 2 released from PM of AA rats in vitro . D KPT (10 mg?kg -1 ) significantly injured gastroduodena on AA rats, but the degree of injuries was less than that of ketoprofen (KP) (10 mg?kg -1 ). CONCLUSION D KPT has therapeutic effects on AA rats, and its injury effect on gastroduodena is less than that of KP.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that Gingko biloba leaf extract (GbE) is effective in promoting the functions recovery of the brain that follows traumatic injury, in improving the dysfunctions of learning and memory of the elderly, and it is also effective in improving the plasticity in central nervous system (CNS). However, what is the effect on learning and memory functions of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus?OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of GbE on the learning and memory dysfunction and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expressions in hippocampus of diabetic rats.DESIGN: Complete-random design, controlled experimental study.SETTING: Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University.MATERIALS: A total of 84 male Wistar rats (180-220 g), 8 weeks old,SPF, were used in this study. GbE (containing 24.8% flavone glycosides and 6.2% diterpene lactone) was purchased from Guilin Xintejia Natural plants Pharmaceutical Factory, Guangxi Province, Lot No. 200405.METHODS: The experiment was completed at the Pharmacology Lab (Provincial Lab) of the Experimental Center of Guangxi Medical University from June 2004 to March 2005. ① A total of 70 rats were rendered diabetic by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at a dose of 55 rmg/kg dissolved in citrate buffer (pH4.4) after 24 hours fasting. Tail vein blood glucose concentration was determined 4 days later using ONE TOUCH glucose meter. A total of 56 streptozotocin-treated rats with a blood glucose concentration of ＞ 15 mmol/L were recognized as type 2 diabetic rats. ② These diabetic rats were randomly divided into model group, insulin group, high-dose GbE group, and low-dose GbE group. There were 14 rats in each group. There was no difference in the blood glucose concentration among the groups. Another 14 male rats with an intraperitoneal injection of citrate buffer solution were served as control group. After division, drugs were given. Insulin 10 μ/kg was injected subcutaneously every day for 6 months. GbE 100 mg/kg and GbE 50 mg/kg were administered through intra-gastric method every day for 6 months.The diabetic group and control group were administered normal solution through intra-gastric method every day for 6 months. ③ Six months later,Morris water maze was operated on each group of rats. The Morris water maze consisted of a large circular pool [100 cmdimension, 60 cm height,filled to a depth of 42 cm with water at (25±1) ℃]. Within the pool a submerged platform (round, black, 8 cm diameter, 2 cm below the water surface) was hidden on a fixed location, 20 cm from the edge of the pool,in which milk powder was dissolved to obscure the platform. The rat could climb on the platform to escape from the necessity of swimming. The rats were trained to locate the hidden platform. The animals were received 4 trials (2 in the morning, and 2 in the afternoon) per day on 4 consecutive days. The rat was given a maximum of 90 s to find the hidden platform.On the 5th day, the rat's learning ability was examined by observing the time to find the hidden platform (escape latency) in 90 s and the platformfinding strategy (prompt and straight way, marked 4 scores; hesitating first and then straight way, marked 3 scores; random way, marked 2 scores;aimless way and around the pool border, marked 1 score). On the 8th day,the escape latency and the platform-finding strategy were observed to examine the rat's memory level. ④ After the Morris water maze test, 8 rats of each group were sacrificed by decapitation for RT-PCR of GFAP mRNA expression, and 6 rats of each group were sacrificed for immunohistochemistry of GFAP protein expression. GFAP mRNA expression level was analyzed by the expression ratio of the interest GFAP to the control β-actin according to the computer image analysis. The GFAP protein expression was analyzed by the volume density of GFAP in hippocampus. ⑤ Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and q-test.MAIN OUTCOME MESURES: The effects of GbE-on the performances of the water maze Morris of type 2 diabetic rats and both GFAP mRNA and protein expressions in hippocampus.RESULTS: A total of 14 streptozotocin-treated rats with a blood glucose concentration of ＜ 15 mmol/L were rejected from the study. ① The performance of diabetic rats in the Morris water maze was significantly impaired compared to control group, the results on the 5th day and the 8th day showed that both escape latency and platform-finding strategy scores were decreased (P ＜ 0.01). The escape latency of both insulin treatment and GbE treatments on the 5th day and the 8th day was shorter than that of diabetic group, the platform-finding strategy scores was higher than that of diabetic group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). There was no marked difference among the insulin treatment and GbE treatments groups in performance of the water maze Morris (P ＞ 0.05). ② The levels of both GFAP mRNA and protein expressions in hippocampus: Statistical analyses indicated that the level of GFAP mRNA expression of diabetic rats was significantly higher than that of the 3 other groups (P ＜ 0.01). Compared to control group, the diabetic rats showed a high immunoreactivity, the GFAP body was enlarged markedly, apophysis was obviously longer, the expressed numbers were increased, and the volume density of GFAP was also increased significantly (P ＜ 0.01). Compared to the diabetic group, the insulin treatment and GbE treatments groups showed a low immunoreactivity, the GFAP body was markedly smaller, apophysis was obviously shorter, the expressed numbers were decreased, and the volume density of GFAP was also decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.01). There were no marked differences in both GFAP mRNA and protein expressions among the insulin treatment and GbE treatments groups (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: There is cognition impairment in type 2 diabetic rats, the responsive GFAP may take a part in the progress of the learning and memory dysfunction. GbE can decrease markedly the reactive hypertrophy of astrocytes of diabetic hippocampus and improve the learning and memory dysfunction in diabetic rats.

AIM:To evaluate the changes of lung morphologic features and oxidative stress in experimental diabetic rats. METHODS: The pulmonary structure of alloxan-induced diabetic rats were quantitatively studied with stereological methods. Changes of ultrastructure, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) of diabetic lung and serum were observed. RESULTS: The volume proportion of alveolar air and mean linear intercept of diabetic rats decreased remarkably in comparison with controls while the volume proportion of alveolar wall, the surface density of alveolar, the numerical density of alveolic area, the numerical density of alveolar and specific surface of alveolar increased significantly. The major change of the type II pneumocyte of diabetic rats was dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The other findings in diabetic rats had included the presence of thickened alveolar epithelial, pulmonary capillary basal laminae and blood- air barrier, the volume density, the surface density, the mean profile area and the mean perimeter of RER in type Ⅱ pneumocyte of diabetic rats increased remarkably. And the specific surface of RER was significantly lower as compared with controls. SOD activity decreased and MDA content increased significantly in serum of diabetic rats as compared with the control group. SOD activity in the diabetic lung was not different from that of the control lung. However, the content of MDA obviously increased in diabetic lung. CONCLUSION: The morphologic features and oxidative stress in early diabetic rats are abnormal thus the lung should be considered as one of the “target organ”in diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Artemisia argyi. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated by silica gel column chromatography and HPLC, and its structure were identified by their spectral data and physicochemical properties analysis. Results: Thirty-four compounds were isolated from A. argyi with the structures identified as 5-hydroxy-6,7,3’,4’- tetramethoxyflavone (1), eupatorin (2), p-hydroxy-acetophenone (3), raspberry ketone (4), zingiberone (5), 7-hydroxycoumarin (6), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (7), desacetoxymatricarin (8), 3α-hydroxy-1(10),4,11(13)-triene-12,6α-olide (9), jaceosidin (10), 7-hydrxyterpineol (11), cis-2,8-dihydroxy-p-mentha-1(7)-en (12), trans-2,8-dihydroxy-p-mentha-1(7)-en (13), artemisetin (14), scopoletin (15), arteminolide C (16), desacetylmatricarin (17), artecalin (18), 11,13-dehydrodesacetylmatricarin (19), 1,9-azelaic acid (20), 3-methoxy-tanapartholide (21), phaseic acid (22), seco-guaiaretic acid (23), 5,3’,4’-trihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-flavone (24), 1,7-pimelic acid (25), 10-epi-ajafinin (26), 3-epi-iso-seco-tanapartholide (27), austroyunnane C (28), artanomaloide (29), ligustolide A (30), seco-tanapartholide B (31), 3-dehydroxy-iso-seco-tanapartholide (32), 3α-hydroxyreynosin (33), dihydrophaseic acid (34). Conclusion: Compounds 4, 22, 25, 30, 33, 34 are separated from the Artemisia for the first time. Compounds 5, 7, 8, 11-13, 21, 23, 24, 26-28 are isolated from A. argyi for the first time.

Objective To study the chemical constituents from the leaf of Syringa oblata. Methods The compounds was isolated by silica gel column chromatography and HPLC, and their structure were identified by spectral data analysis. Results A total of 35 compounds were isolated and identified as oleanolic acid (1), ursolic acid (2), betulinic acid (3), 1,3-benzodioxole-5-propanol (4), p-hydroxyl benzene propyl alcohol (5), p-hydroxyl benzene ethel alcohol (6), syringopicrogenin D (7), syringopicrogenin E (8), syringopicrogenin F (9), syringopicrogenin A (10), syringopicrogenin C (11), 3,4-dihydroxyl benzene ethel alcohol (12), syringobittergenin B (13), syringo-picrogenin B (14), grasshopper ketone (15), (7R,8S)-4,9,9’-trihydroxyl-3,3’-dimethoxyl-7,8- dihydrobenzofuran-1’-propylneolignan (16), lariciresinol (17), syringin (18), 3(Z)-enol glucoside (19), quercetin-3-O-β-D- glucopyranoside (20), (8E)-ligstroside (21), epipinoresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (22), (8E)-ligstroside B (23), (8E)-ligstroside A (24), salidroside (25), 7-dehydrologanin (26), fliederoside B (27), syringopicroside B (28), oleoside dimethyl ester (29), lilacoside (30), syrigopicroside (31), oleuropein (32), (+)-lariciresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (33), verbascoside (34), and (+)- epipinoresinol-4’-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (35). Conclusion Compounds 4, 5, 14-16, 19, 23, 24, 26, and 27 are isolated from S. oblata for the first time.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents in the whole herbs of Xanthium mongolicum. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by chromatography on silica gel column and HPLC, and their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis. Results: Seventeen compounds were isolated and identified as lasidiol p-methoxybenzoat (1), β-selinene (2), xanthatin (3), xanthinosin (4), luteone (5), daucosterol (6), 4β,5β-epoxy xanthatin-1α,4α-endoperoxide (7), (6S,9R)-vomifoliol (8), dehydrovomifoliol (9), 3(Z)-hexenyl-β-D-glycoside (10), 4-oxo-bedfordia acid (11), 11α,13-dihydro-8-epi-xanfbut (12), scopolin (13), pinoresinol (14), β-sitosterol (15), quercetin (16), and methyl p-hydroxybenzonate (17). Conclusion: The compounds 2, 8, 9, 10, and 17 are isolated from the plants of Xanthium L. for the first time and the compounds 1, 5, 7, 11 and 13 are isolated from the whole herbs of X. mongolicum for the first time.