Graves' disease,the most common disorder of hyperthyroidism,is an autoimmune disease related with autoantibody (TRAb),with the specific mechanism remaining incompletely understood.The therapies for Graves disease include three conventional methods:anti-thyroid drugs,radioiodine and surgery.Only treatment with anti-thyroid drugs is aimed at the immune factor;they can eliminate TRAb and lead to recovery ultimately.Literatures have drumed in that treatment with anti-thyroid drugs was a basic therapy for Graves' diseases,and they were the first choice to cure hyperthyroidism all over the world (except for the U.S.A).The drugs do not destroy the structure of thyroid follicle,and are safe and efficient;moreover,their effect is reversible and therefore do not cause permanent damage to the thyroid.Anti-thyroid drugs not only can be used alone,it also can be used before radioiodine or surgery.ATA chairman professor Cooper(NEJM,2005) propounded a therapy path for Graves' disease,which is helpful for clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the cause-related marketing strategy in pharmaceutical industry.METHODS:The theory of cause-related marketing was introduced and the cause-related marketing pattern was illustrated with examples.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Pharmaceutical enterprises can achieve win-win effect in both economic returns and social effects by selecting suitable public welfare projects and applying cause-related marketing.

Objective To evaluate endovascular aortic repair for retrograde Stanford type A aortic dissection with an entry tear in the descending aorta.Methods From April 2006 to Dec 2012,31 patients with retrograde type A aortic dissection were treated with endovascular technique.22 patients had pleural effusion,14 patients had patent false lumen in the ascending aorta.Emergency operation was performed in 2 patients with acute right renal artery and right common iliac artery ischemia respectively.29 patients received endovascular treatment after 3 weeks conservative treatment.Chimney technique was used in 3 patients.Results All procedures were technically successful without severe complications.Ascending aorta recovered 1-3 months after operation.Pleural effusion subsided 3 days to 3 weeks after endovascular treatment.During follow-up of (31 ± 18) months,no severe complications developed,all the stent-grafts placed by chimney technique were patent.Conclusions Endovascular aortic repair can be used in the treatment of retrograde Stanford type A aortic dissection.Chimney technique can be used to reconstruct supra-aortic branches.

Toll-like receptor( TLR) ,which belongs to pattern recognition receptor,is type I transmem-brane glycoprotein. TLR activates natural immune and induces several cytokines. Foreign studies have showed that bacterial infection is closely related with TLR. In this paper,the relationship between TLR and bacterial in-fection is reviewd.

Air ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Naphthalenes ; analysis ; Workplace

OBJECTIVE:To introduce a customer - centric management strategy, i.e, customer value management (CVM). METHODS: Theory of customer value management and customer value analysis were applied in combination with the actual situation of pharmaceutical enterprises.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Pharmaceutical enterprises should pay great attention to CVM strategy to continuously fulfill customer demands.

OBJECTIVE:To study the new factor for marketing competition of pharmaceutical enterprises-CSI.METHO_DS:Analysis was based on the domestic and foreign documents,and combined with the actual situations of pharmaceutical enterprises in China.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Only by increasing the level of CSI and establishing the CS ideas,do the medical enterprises succeed in the furiously competitive market.

OBJECTIVE: To study relation between the packaging of pharmaceutical products and the safety of drug use. METHODS: Analysis was based on the relevant documents, and combined with the actual situations in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Only by selecting the appropriate packaging materials, controlling the packaging process effectively and man- aging the package labels, will the safety of drug use be ensured.

Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is one of the main inherited retinal diseases causing congenital blindness.LCA is also characterized by genetic heterogeneity and variable clinical phenotypes.Recent years,a lot of molecular genetic studies related with its pathogenesis have been performed.So far,20 causative genes have been identified that account for LCA.Some correlations between genotype and clinical phenotype have also been found.Those specific clinical manifestations may help to identify the mutant gene that causes the LCA.This review summarized the causal genes,their roles in the pathogenesis of LCA,coupled with relationship between specific gene and Corresponding phenotype,which will assist the clinician in patient diagnosis and counseling.

0.05).Two cases were lost to follow up,19 out of 21 cases were followed up.The follow-up duration was from 4 to 51 months[mean follow-up duration was(22.84?12.13) months].At last follow-up,10 cases(53%) had complete remission,4 cases(21%) had significant remission,4 cases(21%) had partial remission and 1 case(5%) had no remission.Tubulointerstitial lesions were related with prognosis(P1).Conclusions 1.The predominant clinical manifestation of primary FSGS is nephrotic syndrome in children.The not otherwise specified variant is the commonest pathological variant in primary FSGS.There is no relationship between patholo-gical types and clinical manifestations of FSGS.2.Most of the children with primary FSGS have a good short-term prognosis,but their long-term prognosis must be followed up.3.Tubulointerstitial lesions are risk factors for prognosis.