Graves' disease,the most common disorder of hyperthyroidism,is an autoimmune disease related with autoantibody (TRAb),with the specific mechanism remaining incompletely understood.The therapies for Graves disease include three conventional methods:anti-thyroid drugs,radioiodine and surgery.Only treatment with anti-thyroid drugs is aimed at the immune factor;they can eliminate TRAb and lead to recovery ultimately.Literatures have drumed in that treatment with anti-thyroid drugs was a basic therapy for Graves' diseases,and they were the first choice to cure hyperthyroidism all over the world (except for the U.S.A).The drugs do not destroy the structure of thyroid follicle,and are safe and efficient;moreover,their effect is reversible and therefore do not cause permanent damage to the thyroid.Anti-thyroid drugs not only can be used alone,it also can be used before radioiodine or surgery.ATA chairman professor Cooper(NEJM,2005) propounded a therapy path for Graves' disease,which is helpful for clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the cause-related marketing strategy in pharmaceutical industry.METHODS:The theory of cause-related marketing was introduced and the cause-related marketing pattern was illustrated with examples.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Pharmaceutical enterprises can achieve win-win effect in both economic returns and social effects by selecting suitable public welfare projects and applying cause-related marketing.

OBJECTIVE: To recognize the research status on the mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NADPH oxidases in cell growth and death,and explore the effects of ROS and NADPH oxidases on cardiomyocyte differentiation.DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online search of Medline was undertaken for the articles about the action mechanism of reactive oxygen and NADPH oxidases in cell growth and death published in English between January 1997 and December 2003 with the key words of "Reactive oxygen species, NADPH oxidase, Cardiomyocytes, Differentiation, Signal transduction".STUDY SELECTION: Inclusive criteria: ①Articles on ROS production and structure and activation of NADPH oxidase and their action mechanism in cell growth and death; ②Research about the molecule mechanism of cardiomyocytes differentiation. The repetitive research and review articles were excluded.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 132 articles about the action mechanism of ROS and NADPH oxidase and cardiomyocytes differentiation were collected, and 78 ones met the inclusive criteria.DATA SYNTHESIS: ①ROS involved in pathogenesis of many diseases were mainly from intramitochondrial electron transport chains, and NADPH oxidase was closely related with ROS production; NADPH oxidase firstly found in phagocyte was a kind of multienzyme complex, and its activity was regulated by the concentration of Ca2+ in cells and mRNA expression of its subunits. ②At present, many researchers presumed that oxidative stress was a double-edged sword, and it two-ways regulated the cell proliferation and death, in which ROS served as the second messenger in the signal transduction. Recent data showed that ROS and NADPH oxidase played important roles in cardiomyocytes differentiation; however, it was not identified which subunit of NADPH oxidase expressed in myocardial cells and its detail regulative pathway. Those problems were important for further study in the molecule mechanism of cardiomyocytes differentiation.CONCLUSION: ROS including superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (OH-), are generated in cardiomyocytes mainly by a membrane-bound NADPH oxidase (NOX). The NOX-derived ROS, as the second passenger, play important roles in various intracellular signaling pathways. In cardiomyocytes, ROS have the potential to alter the balance between cell growth and death through these signaling pathways. Recently,ROS have been demonstrated to play a critical role in regulation of cardiomyocyte differentiation from embryonic stem cells. Research in the regulation mechanisms of ROS will contribute to our better understanding of he role of ROS and NADPH oxidase in cardicomyocyte differentiation and will lead to the identification of factors able to promote cardiac differentiation.

Objective To investigate effect of Hongjingtian injection adjuvant therapy on blood glucose, blood lipid and clinical efficacy in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods 40 cases of acute cerebral infarction in our hospital were randomly divided into control group and experimental group.20 cases in control group were treated with routine treatment, 20 cases in experimental group were treated on the basis of control group by Hongjingtian injection.Fasting blood glucose, blood lipids and clinical efficacy were compared post-treatment.Results Compared with pre-treatment, the level of LDL-C and TC in control group was lower(P <0.05), the levels of FBG, TC, TG and LDL-C in experimental group were lower (P <0.05), and the HDL-C level was higher (P<0.05).Compared with control group, the levels of LDL-C, TG, TC and FBG in experimental group were lower (P<0.05), and the HDL-C level was higher (P<0.05).The total effective rate of experimental group (95.00%) was higher than control group (65.00%)(P<0.05).Conclusion Hongjingtian injection can decrease the level of fasting blood glucose in patients with acute cerebral infarction and decrease serum TG, TC, LDL-C level, increase the level of HDL-C, improve the clinical efficacy, and have a guiding significance for clinical.

Objective To investigate the clinic significance of serum carbohydrate antigen ( CA)125 for cirrhosis. Methods 88 patients with type B posthepatitic cirrhosis (male 46,female 24,average age 45?24 years) were divided into three group (A stage35,B stage 28,C stage 25) according to Child-pugh integration. 36 healthy persons as normal controls were studied(male 20,female 16,average age 42?22 years). Serum CA125 was measured by ELISA. We investigated the alteration of serum CA125 with hepatic functional classification. Results The levels of serum CA125 in cirrhosis patients were markedly higher than those in control subjects(P

Barrett's esophagus is known the only precancerous lesions of esophageal adenocarcinoma.Besides conventional endoscopy and pathologic biopsy,drugs and surgical treatment of the Barrett's esophagus,in recent years,some new endoscopic diagnosis and treatment technology were obtained.The progress of endoscopic diagnosis and therapy technique in Barrett's esophagus are reviewed in this paper.

0.05).Two cases were lost to follow up,19 out of 21 cases were followed up.The follow-up duration was from 4 to 51 months[mean follow-up duration was(22.84?12.13) months].At last follow-up,10 cases(53%) had complete remission,4 cases(21%) had significant remission,4 cases(21%) had partial remission and 1 case(5%) had no remission.Tubulointerstitial lesions were related with prognosis(P1).Conclusions 1.The predominant clinical manifestation of primary FSGS is nephrotic syndrome in children.The not otherwise specified variant is the commonest pathological variant in primary FSGS.There is no relationship between patholo-gical types and clinical manifestations of FSGS.2.Most of the children with primary FSGS have a good short-term prognosis,but their long-term prognosis must be followed up.3.Tubulointerstitial lesions are risk factors for prognosis.

Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is one of the main inherited retinal diseases causing congenital blindness.LCA is also characterized by genetic heterogeneity and variable clinical phenotypes.Recent years,a lot of molecular genetic studies related with its pathogenesis have been performed.So far,20 causative genes have been identified that account for LCA.Some correlations between genotype and clinical phenotype have also been found.Those specific clinical manifestations may help to identify the mutant gene that causes the LCA.This review summarized the causal genes,their roles in the pathogenesis of LCA,coupled with relationship between specific gene and Corresponding phenotype,which will assist the clinician in patient diagnosis and counseling.

The theory of Medical Immunology is independent,which includes a lot of new knowledge.Optimizing resource of medical immunology,recombinating knowledge structure,building knowledge framework and leading in PBL(Problem Based Learning) teaching method help to arouse students’studying interest and elevate teaching effect.

Toll-like receptor( TLR) ,which belongs to pattern recognition receptor,is type I transmem-brane glycoprotein. TLR activates natural immune and induces several cytokines. Foreign studies have showed that bacterial infection is closely related with TLR. In this paper,the relationship between TLR and bacterial in-fection is reviewd.