Objective To investigate the effects of acute hypervolemie hemodilution(AHH)combinedwith bypotension(CH)on hemodynamies and tissue perfusion and to evaluate the safety of the technique.MethodsForty-eight ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients of both sexes(28 male,20 female)aged 41-63 yr weighing 47-85kg undergoingelective orthopedic operations were randomly divided into 4 group with 12 patients in each group:A control group;B CH group;C AHH group and D CH+AHH group.The patients were premedicated with oral diazepam 10 mgand intramuscular atropine 0.5 mg.Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.04 mg?kg~(-1),fentanyl 4?g?kg~(-1),propefol 1.5-2.0 mg?kg~(-1) and vecuronium 0.1 mg?kg~(-1) and maintained with inhalation of 1%-3 % isoflurane and50% N_2O in O_2 supplemented with intermittent i.v.boluses of vecaronium.The patients were mechanicallyventilated after tracheal intubation(V_T=8-10 ml?kg~(-1),RR 12 bpm).Radial artery and right internal jugular veinwere cannulated.The CVP catheter was inserted into right atrium and the blood obtained from right atrium was usedto replace mixed venous blood.ECG,MAP,HR,CVP,SpO_2 and urine output were continuously monitored duringoperation.Controlled hypotension was induced with sodium nitroprusside(NTP)at 0.1-2 ?g?kg~(-1)?min~(-1) andMAP was maintained at 70% of the baseline MAP during operation.NTP infusion was terminated 30 min beforethe end of surgery.AHH was induced with 6% HES 15 ml?kg~(-1) at 50 ml?min~(-1) after induction of anesthesia andbefore skin incision.Blood samples were taken from radial artery and right atrium before AHH(T_0,baseline),immediately after AHH or before CH(T_1),1h after AHH or 40 min after start of CH(T_2),at the end of surgeryor 30 rain after termination of NTG infusion(T_3)and 24h after surgery(T_4)for blood gas analysis and calculationof oxygen extraction ratio(ERO_2).Blood volume was maintained with infusion of colloid and lactated Ringer'ssolution.The amount of blood loss and blood transfusion were recorded.Hb was maintained above 70 g?L~(-1)Results CVP increassd significantly after AHH in group C and D as compared to baseline(P0.05).Conclusion AHH combined with CH can maintain stable hemodynamics,decrease blood loss andblood transfusion during operation and maintain the balance between oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption.

Objective To detect the expressions of miR-155,T helper type 17 (Thl7) cells,and Th17 cellspecific transcription factor RORγt and effector cytokine interleukin (IL)-17 in peripheral blood and skin lesions from,and to evaluate their relationship in,patients with atopic dermatitis (AD).Methods Peripheral blood was obtained from 37 patients with AD and 33 age-and sex-matched healthy controls,and biopsy specimens from the lesional and perilesional skin of five patients with severe AD as well as from the normal skin of five healthy human controls.Real-time fluorescence-based reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was employed to measure the mRNA expression levels of miR-155,RORγt and IL-17 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and skin specimens,flow cytometry to detect the percentage of Th17 cells in PBMCs,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the plasma concentration of IL-17.Statistical analysis was done using independent sample's t test,one-way analysis of variance followed by the least significant difference test,and linear correlation analysis.Results Compared with the healthy controls,the patients with AD showed a significant increase in Th17 cell percentage (1.78％ ± 0.52％ vs.0.47％ ± 0.15％,P＜ 0.01),mRNA expression levels of miR-155 (5.78 ± 1.78 vs.1.82 ± 0.46,P＜ 0.01),RORγt (6.08 ± 1.04 vs.1.64 ± 0.52,P＜ 0.01) and IL-17 (7.09 ± 1.75 vs.1.71 ± 0.46,P＜ 0.01),as well as in the plasma concentration of IL-17 ((2.51 ± 6.15) pg/ml vs.(11.80 ± 2.24) pg/ml,P＜ 0.01).There was a sequential decrease in the expression levels of miR-155,RORγt and IL-17 mRNA from lesional skin,perilesional skin to normal skin (F =41.803,17.040 and 37.064 respectively,all P ＜ 0.01).The miR-155 mRNA expression level in PBMCs was positively correlated with the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index,Th17 cell percentage,RORγt and IL-17 mRNA expression levels as well as IL-17 plasma concentration (r =0.405,0.426,0.402,0.410 and 0.408 respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).Similarly,the miR-155 expression level was positively correlated with RORγt and IL-17 mRNA expression levels in lesional and paralesional specimens (r =0.428 and 0.435 respectively,both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The up-regulated expression of miR-155,Th17 cells and their effector cytokine IL-17 may be associated with the development of AD.

Objective:To determine the effect of Notch1 signaling pathway on the differentiation and function of Th17 cells in murine psoriasis model.Methods: BALB/c mice were randomly divided into psoriasis model group and control group.Murine psoriasis model was established by topical 5% imiquimod application in combination with intraperitoneal injection of α-2b interferon.The CD4+ T lymphocytes were isolated by magnetic activated cell sorter (MACS).Flow cytometric analysis (FCM) was performed to detect the percentage of Th17 cells.Real-time RT-PCR was employed to measure the mRNA levels of RORγt,IL-17A,Notch1 and Hes-1.The CD4+ T lymphocytes were then divided into γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT groups and control group,and the expression differences of Notch1 signaling molecule and its target gene Hes-1 mRNA levels,Th17 cell percentage,RORγt and IL-17A mRNA levels,and IL-17A concentrations in cell-free supernatant were detected.Results: The expression levels of Th17 cell percentage and RORγt,IL-17A,Notch1 and Hes-1 mRNA in CD4+ T lymphocytes of murine psoriasis model were significantly higher than control mouse[(2.97±0.86)% vs.(0.65±0.11)%,t=15.083;(5.75±0.61) vs.(1.57±0.43),t=21.630;(7.83±0.97) vs.(1.63±0.31),t=25.348;(7.10±1.37) vs.(1.47±0.34),t=17.386;(7.30±1.15) vs.(1.67±0.48),t=18.840,respectively,all P<0.01].Compared with control group,Th17 cell percentage,mRNA expression levels of Notch1,Hes-1,RORγt and IL-17A,and IL-17A concentrations in cell-free supernatant from cultured CD4+ T lymphocytes of murine psoriasis model were dramatically decreased in DAPT treated groups in a dose-dependent way (F=74.368,89.719,126.572,94.558,124.323 and 123.231 respectively,all P<0.01).Conclusion: Notch1 signaling pathway can regulate the differentiation and function of Th17 cells in murine psoriasis model,and may have potential value for the target immunotherapy of psoriasis.

16M?) ). Using this method could not only avoid the interference of medium on the chromatographic behavior of Ralstonia solanacearum, but also keep the cell viability and cell surface properties.

OBJECTIVETo observe the influence of H102 on the expression of amyloid protein and amyloid precursor protein in the hippocampus of APP695 transgenic mice.

METHODSThe 9-month-old APP695 transgenic mice were randomly divided into the model group and the H102 group; C57BL/6J mice were adopted as normal control group. The H102 group were injected with H102 in a dose of 3 microl/per mouse in lateral ventricle, once a day, for ten days; while the model group and the control group were injected with saline. The hippocampus and temporal cortex of the brain sections from transgenic mice and wild type female mice were subjected to immunohistochemistry and Congo red histological staining, and observed the difference of the protein expression under microscope. The expression of the APP protein was detected by Western blot.

RESULTSAbeta and APP immunohistochemistry showed density of positive cell in the CA1 region of hippocampus of control group were less than model group. H102 peptide reduced the area, and density of positive cells. Congo red staining showed there were lots of amyloid plagues in the brains of model mice but not in the brains of normal control. And the Western blot showed the content of the APP protein of the model group was much higher than the H102 group. H102 significantly decreased the amyloid plagues.

CONCLUSIONThe expression of APP, Abeta are increased in APP695 transgenic mice, and H102 can decrease the level of APP, Abeta in transgenic mice.

Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor ; metabolism ; Amyloidogenic Proteins ; metabolism ; Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic

Objective To investigate the distribution status of coal-burning fluorosis (endemic fluorosis) areas in Luoyang and to provide scientifc evidence for making strategies in prevention and control. Methods In 2006, a household per village was chosen to carry the general survey so as of disease condition, living habits and housing structure among 941 coal-burning pollution fluorine sickness natural villages in Yanshi, Mengjin, Xin'an, Luanchuan counties and Geely area which were under the jurisdiction of Luoyang. In the general survey, the sampled village having a population of more than 500 person was considered as a major survey village, and water fluoride, 8 - 12 year-old child fluorine spot on tooth and the urinary fluoride were surveyed. Water fluoride and the child urinary fluoride determination used the fluoride ion selective electrode method, and the children's dental fluorosis used Dean method. Results The endemic fluorosis of Luoyang existed 742 in endemic fluomsis villages, compared with history, a decrease of 199 in number. Ninety-six point seven per cent( 142 543/147 419) of the households were consuming smoke-free coal. Households using intact kitchens accounted for 93.6%( 137 919/147 419). Of which 63.0%(86 889/137 919) of kitchens were mixed up with bedrooms. Total 125 060 people were using coal- fired furnace for heating, of which 87.8%(109 802/125 060) had smoke-free facilities, 12.2%(15 258/125 060) had none. Among 52 endemic villages with population of more than 500 people surveyed, a total of 183 water samples were collected, 2 had water fluoride exceeding 1.0 rag/L, the highest water fluoride being 1.04 rag/L, averaging 0.39 mg/L Sixteen villages had a prevalence rate of dental fluorosis for children less than 30.00%, accounting for 30.8% (16/52), 36 endemic villages the prevalence of dental fluorosis detection rate of more than 30.00%, accounting for 69.2%(36/52). Twenty-thrce villages had a dental fluorosis index greater than 0.6, severe dental fluorosis was not found. Real-time measurement of 1408 urine samples of children aged 8 - 12 showed that urine fluoride highest value 6.88 nag/L, the minimum value of 0.10 mg/L, geometric mean 1.10 mg/L. The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis for children was 36.06%. Conclusions In Luoyang city, numbers of coal-burning endemic fluorosis villages are less than before, children's dental fluorosis has significantly declined, however some people still use kitchens connecting with bedrooms and lack smoke-free facilities, they need to be educated to change lifestyle and improve furnace to reduce soot fluoride pollution.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of needling "Housanli" (ST 36) with different retaining-needle time on the pain threshold of mice using the hot water tail-flick test, and investigate the relationship between the retaining-needle time and the therapeutic effect.

METHODSTwenty-four healthy mice were randomly divided into four groups: no retaining-needle group (group A), retaining-needle 10 min group (group B), retaining-needle 20 min group (group C) and retaining-needle 30 min group (group D), with 6 mice for each group. After acupuncture "Housanli", the tail of mouse was put into the hot water at 50 degrees C, and the intervening time from the tail entered water to the tail flicked out of water was recorded and analyzed for each group.

RESULTSAfter acupuncturing "Housanli", the pain threshold was significantly improved with the hot water tail-flick test in both group A and group C (both P<0.01), however, there was no significant difference in both group B and group D (both P>0.05). Within 30 min of retaining-needle, the effect curve of acupuncture analgesia was showed in a waved line. In contrast, the maximum value of latent period on the tail-flick was detected in the group C that was the biggest effect of acupuncture analgesia among the four groups.

CONCLUSIONThe best retaining-needle time of hand-acupuncture for acupuncture analgesia is 20 min.

Acupuncture Analgesia ; methods ; Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Male ; Mice ; Needles ; Pain ; physiopathology ; Pain Management ; Pain Measurement ; Pain Threshold ; Random Allocation ; Time Factors

At present, interdisciplinary integration has become a major feature of the development of science and technology, and multi-disciplinary integration will gradually become the norm. Professional and technological multi-disciplinary integration has unpredictable potential, which will produce new disciplinary frontiers, new fields of science and technology and new patterns of innovation. Organ donation is a new discipline in China's new era. Constructing and promoting an organ donation disciplinary system with the overall goal of safeguarding legal and reasonable rights and interests of donors and their families and the health rights and interests of the recipients are in line with the fundamental requirements of maintaining high-quality development of organ donation and transplantation in China. Meantime, organ donation is a complex medical and social behavior, and organs donated by citizens belong to national resources, which also endows organ donation with a social welfare attribute and relevance with all parties in society. In this article, the essence of current problems encountered during organ donation in China, the whole process of organ donation and theoretical knowledge, professional skills and personnel support required by donors in different clinical stages were analyzed to illustrate the necessity and feasibility of establishing an organ donation disciplinary system based on multi-disciplinary integration. Besides, how to integrate organ donation disciplinary construction into the national policy was also investigated. Taking safeguarding the rights and interests of donors, family members and recipients as the core and taking organ donation and transplantation as the main line, cooperative principles of co-creation, co-construction, mutual promotion, sharing and win-win should be upheld, aiming to promote multi-disciplinary integration and comprehensive talent cultivation of organ donation, jointly enhance the recognition rate and donation rate of organ donation, and make organ donation widely recognized by citizens from all walks of life.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effect of the extracts from Decoction for resuscitation (DRE) and its component herbs on prostacyclin (PGI2), thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and nitric oxide (NO) release from rat vascular endothelial cells under hypoxia.

METHODAfter treatment with the extracts from DRE and its component herbs, the contents of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha(6-keto-PGF1alpha), thromboxane B2 (TXB2) as well as nitrite (NO), which were degradation products of PGI2, TXA2 and NO respectively, in culture medium of rat vascular endothelial cells under hypoxia were measured with radioimmunoassay and Griess Reaction.

RESULTCompared with the control group, the results indicated that DRE, prepared licorice root extract (LE), dried ginger extract (GE), aconite root extract (AE), extracts of aconite root and prepared licorice root (ALE), extracts of aconite root and dried ginger (AGE) increased significantly the content of 6-keto-PGF1alpha and the ratio of 6-keto-PGF1alpha/TXB2, but had no effect on the content of TXB2 in culture medium of rat vascular endothelial cells under hypoxia. The content of 6-keto-PGF1alpha in the DRE group was higher than that in the groups of LE, GE, AE, ALE, AGE. The ratio of 6-keto-PGF1alpha/TXB2 in the DRE group was higher than that of the groups of GE, AE, ALE. Compared with the control group, DRE, LE, GE, AE, ALE, AGE increased significantly the content of NO2- in culture medium of rat vascular endothelial cells under hypoxia. Moreover, the content of NO2- in the DRE group was higher than that of the groups of GE, AE, ALE.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggested that DRE increased significantly the content of PGI2 and the ratio of PGI2/TXA2 as well as the content of NO. The effect of DRE on the parameters in culture medium of rat vascular endothelial cells under hypoxia was better than that of the extracts from its component herbs.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha ; metabolism ; Aconitum ; chemistry ; Animals ; Aorta, Abdominal ; cytology ; Cell Hypoxia ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Endothelial Cells ; metabolism ; Ginger ; chemistry ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; chemistry ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Thromboxane B2 ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDYes-associated protein (YAP) plays an important role in signal transduction and gene transcription regulation in normal cells, with elevated and over-expressed YAP levels observed in various malignant tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of YAP in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to study the possible relationship of YAP expression with the occurrence and development of NSCLC.

METHODSYAP expression was assessed in 40 cases of NSCLC tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry, and their protein and mRNA levels were evaluated through Western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Normal lung tissues obtained from the same patient were used as control. Statistical analysis was performed to correlate the YAP expression to clinical pathological factors, such as tumor type, stage and grade.

RESULTSYAP-positive expression was found in 28 (70%) of the 40 cases of NSCLC, which included 10 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (25%), 17 cases of adenocarcinoma (42.5%) and 1 case of squamous adenocarcinoma (2.5%). In the 28 YAP-positive cases, 19 cases showed lymph node metastasis and were classified in TNM stage II + III (47.5%); the other nine cases showed no lymph node metastasis (22.5%) and were classified in the TNM stage I. There was no relationship between YAP expression and patients' age, gender or tumor histological grades. However, YAP showed significant over expression in late period of T stage (P = 0.012), TNM stage (P = 0.039), and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.013), respectively. Notably, YAP-positive expression was significantly higher in adenocarcinoma than that in squamous cell carcinoma (P = 0.041).

CONCLUSIONSOver-expression of YAP was associated with NSCLC, especially lung adenocarcinoma. The high YAP expression in late period of tumor stage and lymph node metastasis may indicate that YAP expression could be an early marker for NSCLC tumorigenesis.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; genetics ; metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphoproteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction