BACKGROUND: Cardiac reserve indicators obtained under quiescent condition are used as evaluating index for cardiac reserve functions. However, most important aspect of cardiac dysfunction in heart failure is not the depressed cardiac performance noted at basal resting states, but rather the loss of cardiac reserve. OBJECTIVE: To develop a data processing and information management system for detecting cardiac reserve indicator with the widely used B mode ultrasound instrument in the ultrasonography field, and to provide guidance for B mode ultrasound instrument perfection. METHODS: General B mode ultrasound instrument as peripherals was connected with the pc by image acquisition card; ultrasound heart image diagnosis and management system including professional heart image acquisition and process and perfect data bank was develop. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: An efficient and flexible mini picture archiving and communication system system was achieved, which realized image enhancement, geometric parameter measuring, convenient diagnosis report output, archive management and print function. Results demonstrated that with the powerful data process ability of PC, the system could improve the performance of the traditional ultrasound instrument in detecting cardiac reserve, which provide a powerful support for the further study.

This paper introduces several methods to measure cardiac function, including methods of FICK oxygen consumption, thermodilution, ultrasound cardiography, impedance cardiogram and the method with heart sound. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed and compared. It is suggested that futural cardiac function evaluation approach be highly accurate or simply, noninvasive to meet different application requirements.

Bluetooth is a new widely accepted standard of short distance communication in personal area networks (PANs). By analyzing the communication process based on Bluetooth protocol and requirements of physiological electrical signal transmission, such operations are performed as the design of Bluetooth model for measurement of heart sound, the development of Bluetooth network communication library and the implementation of the model by programming.

This paper analyses the requirements of serial data communication interface between upper and lower hosts in a heart sound sampling system, and then introduces the system design scheme, schematic of hardware interface and source codes of upper and lower hosts. C8051F000 and personal computer adopted as the lower host and upper host respectively, C++ Builder and Windows API functions are also used to implement the applications.

Objective To investigate cardiac reserve function and pregnant results of preeclampsia.Methods Pregnant women chosen by randomized table and hospitalized in the department of obstetrics of the first affiliated hospital of Chongqing MedicaI University were involved in this study from January to December,2008.Sixty-nine cases of normal pregnant women were divided into 3 groups:normal group 1(20cases),normal group 2(26 cases)and normal group 3(23 cases).The normal group number 1 to number 3 were paired to gestational hypertension(20 cases),mild preeclampsia(26 cases)and severe preeclampsia (23 cases),respectively.The digital technique of heart sound signal processing WaS used to measure cardiac reserve function parameters including the heart rate(HR),the ratio of the amplitude of the first heart sound to the second heart sound(S1/S2)and the ratio of diastolic to systolic duration(D/S)of pregnant women.The pregnant results were also recorded.Results (1)The ratio of S1/S2 in the group of severe preeclampsia 4.5±3.2 was significantly bigher than the group of gestational hypertension 2.2±1.1 and normal group 32.2±1.1(P＜0.01).The ratio of D/S of the group of severe preeclampsia 1.1±0.3 Was significantly lower than the group of gestational hypertension 1.4±0.3 and normal group 31.4±0.2(P＜0.01).(2)All cases of the normal group number 1 to number 3 and the group of gestational hypertension were found the ratio of D/S≥1.00,whereas 1 case(1/26,4%)of the group of mild preeclampsia and 4 cases(4/23.17%)of the group of severe preeclampsia were found the ratio of D/S＜1.00.(3)The two cases of the pregnant wornen(including one woman died of cardiac arrest)with S1/S2＞5.00 and D/S＜1.00,who were in the group of severe preeclampsia,were sent to Intensive Care Unit after delivery.There were 4 cases(4/26,15%)and 6 cages(6/23,26%)of 1 minute Apgar score less than 7,7 cases(7/26,27%)and 6 cases(6/23,26%)sent to neonatal Intensive Care Unit,2 cases(2/26,8%)and 4 cases(4/23,17%)of neonatal death in the group of mild preeclampsia and in the group of severe preeclampsia,respectively.All newborns in the normal group number 1 to number 3 and the group of gestational hypertension were normal.Conclusions The cardiac reserve function of a pregnant woman with preeelampsia is decreased with the severity of preeclampsia and the parturient and neonatal results get worse.The distal technique of heart sound signal processing is a safe,harmless,simple and effective tool to measure cardiac reserve funotion of preeclampsia,and is worthy of widely used clinically.

Heart sounds teletransmission is very important in telemedicine.The heart sounds are transmitted to the server which has been accessed to internet in custody center based on GPRS,then doctors analyze the heart sounds and transmit the conclusion to the consumer.

This paper introduces a type of heart sound recording, analysis and processing system based on USB interface. The system consists of high performance sensor sampling heart sounds, the preprocessing circuit, the A/D conversion module and the USB based high-speed computer communications interface. The experiments show that it is noninvasive, convenient, inexpensive and rapid in detecting the cardiac contractility of patients with heart disease as well as of healthy subjects. This system has provided a reliable technical platform for evaluating the cardiac contractility reserve.
Computer-Aided Design ; Equipment Design ; instrumentation ; Heart Sounds ; physiology ; Humans ; Phonocardiography ; instrumentation ; methods ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation

The objective of this study is to combine troponin and indicators of cardiac acoustics for synthetically evaluating cardiac fatigue of rabbits, analyzing exercise-induced cardiac fatigue (EICF) and exercise-induced cardiac damage (EICD). New Zealand white rabbits were used to conduct a multi-step swimming experiments with load, reaching an exhaustive state for evaluating if the amplitude ratio of the first to second heart sound (S1/S2) and heart rate (HR) during the exhaustive exercise would decrease or not and if they would be recovered 24-48 h after exhaustive exercise. The experimental end point was to complete 3 times of exhaustions or death from exhaustion. Circulating troponin I (cTnI) were detected from all of the experimental rabbits at rest [(0. 02±0. 01) ng/mL], which, in general, indicated that there existed a physiological release of troponin. After the first exhaustive swim, cTnI of the rabbits increased. However, with 24-hour rest, S1/S2, HR, and cTnI of the tested rabbits all returned toward baseline levels, which meant that the experimental rabbits experienced a cardiac fatigue process. After repeated exhaustion, overloading phenomena were observed, which led to death in 3 out of 11 rabbits, indicating their cardiac damage; the troponin elevation under this condition could be interpreted by pathological release. Evaluation of myocardial damage can not be based on the troponin levels alone, but can only be based on a comprehensive analysis.
Animals ; Fatigue ; Heart ; physiopathology ; Heart Rate ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Rabbits ; Swimming ; Troponin I ; blood

In this paper, a new method based on the nonlinear chaos theory was proposed to study the arrhythmia with the combination of the correlation dimension and largest Lyapunov exponent, through computing and analyzing these two parameters of 30 cases normal heart sound and 30 cases with arrhythmia. The results showed that the two parameters of the heart sounds with arrhythmia were higher than those with the normal, and there was significant difference between these two kinds of heart sounds. That is probably due to the irregularity of the arrhythmia which causes the decrease of predictability, and it's more complex than the normal heart sound. Therefore, the correlation dimension and the largest Lyapunov exponent can be used to analyze the arrhythmia and for its feature extraction.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Heart Sounds ; physiology ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Phonocardiography ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

To explore a new method for analyzing biological molecules that have already been sequenced, an experimental study on an auditory method was carried out. The auditory method for analyzing biological molecules includes audible representation of sequence data. Audible representation of sequence data was implemented by using a multimedia computer. Each mononucleotide in a DNA sequence was matched with a corresponding sound, i.e., a DNA sequence was "dubbed" in a sound sequence. When the sound sequence is played, a special cadence can be heard. In the audible representation experiment, special cadences of different exons can be clearly heard. The results show that audible representation of DNA sequence data can be implemented by using a multimedia technique. After a 5-time auditory training, subjects both in internal testing and external testing can obtain 93%-100% of judgment accuracy rate for the difference between two sound sequences of two different exons, thus providing an experimental basis for the practicability of this method. Auditory method for analyzing DNA segments might be beneficial for the research in comparative genomics and functional genomics. This new technology must be robust and be carefully evaluated and improved in a high-throughput environment before its implementation in an application setting.
Computational Biology ; methods ; Decision Making, Computer-Assisted ; Genome ; Humans ; Multimedia ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; methods ; Sound