Objective To study the effect of inhibitors of the multidrug transporters including P-glycoprotein (PGP)and multi-drug resistance-associated protein(MRP)on the regulation of concentration of oxcarbazepine in the extra-cellular fluid of the hippocampus after pilocarpine induced seizures in rats.To investigate whether oxcarbazepine are sub-strate for PGP and MRP and whether brain expressions of PGP and MRP are involved in muhidrug resistance mechanisms of refractory epilepsy.Methods The epileptic rats model were established by repeated peritoneal injection treatment with pi-locarpine.Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into four groups:control group,pilocarpine epileptic model group,verapamil treated group and probenecid treated group.At 30,60,90,120 and 150 min following systemic injection of oxcarbazepine (80 mg/kg),dialysate was collected and the concentration of oxcarbazepine in the extracellular fluid of hippocampus was determined by microdialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography technique.Results After systemic injection of oxcarbazepine,the concentration of oxcarbazepine in extracellular fluid of the hippocampus during 90～150 min(1.26±0.09、0.93±0.10)were much higher in verapamil treated group than in pilocarpine epileptic model group(0.87±0.06、0.66±O.04)(P<0.05)and the concentration of oxcarbazepine in the hippocampus during 60～150 min(1.07 4±0.11、1.32±O.13、1.02±0.10、0.87±0.08)were higher in probenecid treated group than in pilocarpine epileptic model group (0.81±0.08、0.87±0.06、0.66.4±0.04、0.58±0.06)(P<0.05).Conclusions Oxcarbazepine are substrates for PGP and MRP and,penetration of oxcarbazepine through blood-brain barrier are restricted by PGP and MRP.Increased expres-sions of PGP and MRP in brain maybe involved in the mechanisms of multidrug resistance of refractory epilepsy.

Objective To investigate the impact of multi-drug transporters including P-glycoprotein (PGP) and multi-drug resistance associated protein (MRP) on concentration of lamotrigine in the extracellular fluid in hippocampus of epilepsy rat models induced by pilocarpine, and to deduce the multi-drug resistance mechanisms in refractory epilepsy. Methods The epilepsy rat models were established by repeated administration (by ip) of pilocarpine. A microdialysis probe was placed into the hippocampus of the epileptic rats and dialysate was collected at five time-points from 30--150 minutes after systemic injections of lamotrigine (10 mg/kg). The concentration of lamotrigine in the extracellular fluid in the hippocampus was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Then PGP inhibitor verapamil and MRP inhibitor probenecid was added individually through microdialysis probe and the concentration of lamotrigine was detected again. Results Compared with control group (0. 41 ± 0. 10 in 60 minutes, 0. 50 ±0.04 in 90 minutes, 0. 39 ±0. 09 in 120 minutes and 0. 30±0.06 in 150 minutes), verapamil significantly increased the concentration of lamotrigine in extracellular fluid of the hippocampus 60--150 minutes (0. 65 ±0. 11, 0. 84 ± 0. 09, 0. 70± 0. 09 and 0. 58 ± 0. 08 respectively) after injection (F value were 5.01, 8.61, 10. 23 and 7.89, all P < 0. 05) and probenecid also enhanced the concentration of lamotrigine 90--150 minutes (0. 75 ± 0. 09, 0. 58±0. 10 and 0. 49±0. 07) after injection (F = 6. 58, 4. 56, 4. 75, all P < 0. 05). Conclusions Penetration of lamotrigine through blood-brain barrier in pilocarpine induced epilepsy rats is restricted by PGP and MRP, resulting in decreased concentration of lamotrigine in the extracellular fluid of the hippocampus. Therefore, increasing expression of PGP and MRP in brains of epilepsy patients might be an important mechanism involved in multi-drug resistance in refractory epilepsy.

Object To study the callus culture of Gynura segetum (Lour.) Merr., so as to lay the foundation for the rapid propagation of its breeds.Methods The explants used in culture were root, stem and leaf of G. segerum. The MS basal medium containing different plant hormones was applied. Results The best explants were leaf of G. segetum. The medium induced callus was MS basal medium containing 1 0 mg/L NAA and 4 0 mg/L 6 BA and the callus induction rate was 64% . The sprouting rate of the callus transplanted to fitting differential medium was 86 7%.Conclusion The rapid propagation of G. segetum can be carried out by inducing callus of the plant.

Objective To explore the protective effects of a new military functional food NB-5 on psychological stress-induced oxidative stress .Methods Rat whiskers were completely removed to induce the oxidative stress , and the concen-trations of MDA and protein carbonyl in various organs were detected to study the damage to membrane lipid and protein . Rats were fed with NB-5 for 4 weeks, and the oxidative stress was induced by whisker cutting .Biochemical marks men-tioned above were detected to explore the protective effects of NB-5.Results and Conclusion Lipid and protein peroxida-tion occurred in the brain , heart, liver, spleen and kidney after whisker removal due to emotional stress , while the catalase ( CAT) activity decreased significantly in these organs except the spleen .In this experiment model , NB-5 showed a good free radical scavenging activity to reduce the lipid and protein peroxidation among whisker -cutting rats fed with NB-5 in ad-vance.So NB-5 can serve as a good food for soldiers in case of emergency incidents .

Plants provide an immense reservoir of natural secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites and those involved enzymes accumulate in various compartments in specific plant tissues. The biosynthesis of diverse groups of secondary metabolites is often complicated, tightly controlled via network interconnections, metabolite levels, metabolite channeling and multi-enzyme complexes, and so on. Secondary metabolite profiles could be genetically altered by two strategies, i.e. single gene modification and multiple gene modification; which thus has opened a feasible and prospective platform for secondary chemicals production in plant.
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Phytochemicals ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Plants ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; genetics ; metabolism ; Secondary Metabolism ; genetics ; Transformation, Genetic

The modernisation of Chinese-style all-round and full-cycle health service system is an important guarantee to meet the growing health needs of the residents,and it is also a necessary way to promote the construction of a healthy China and achieve universal health coverage.Through literature and logical analysis and other research methods,on the basis of analysing the connotation and characteristics of the modernisation of the Chinese-style comprehensive and full-cycle health service system,the following optimisation progression is proposed:(1)policy leadership-constructing a comprehensive policy system and building a solid health cornerstone;(2)science and technology empowerment-strengthening the application of scientific and technological innovation to drive the development of health;(3)service upgrading-improving the quality of the service process to optimize the health experience;(4)conceptual innovation-changing the traditional concept of health and improving health literacy.

The modernisation of Chinese-style all-round and full-cycle health service system is an important guarantee to meet the growing health needs of the residents,and it is also a necessary way to promote the construction of a healthy China and achieve universal health coverage.Through literature and logical analysis and other research methods,on the basis of analysing the connotation and characteristics of the modernisation of the Chinese-style comprehensive and full-cycle health service system,the following optimisation progression is proposed:(1)policy leadership-constructing a comprehensive policy system and building a solid health cornerstone;(2)science and technology empowerment-strengthening the application of scientific and technological innovation to drive the development of health;(3)service upgrading-improving the quality of the service process to optimize the health experience;(4)conceptual innovation-changing the traditional concept of health and improving health literacy.

The modernisation of Chinese-style all-round and full-cycle health service system is an important guarantee to meet the growing health needs of the residents,and it is also a necessary way to promote the construction of a healthy China and achieve universal health coverage.Through literature and logical analysis and other research methods,on the basis of analysing the connotation and characteristics of the modernisation of the Chinese-style comprehensive and full-cycle health service system,the following optimisation progression is proposed:(1)policy leadership-constructing a comprehensive policy system and building a solid health cornerstone;(2)science and technology empowerment-strengthening the application of scientific and technological innovation to drive the development of health;(3)service upgrading-improving the quality of the service process to optimize the health experience;(4)conceptual innovation-changing the traditional concept of health and improving health literacy.

The modernisation of Chinese-style all-round and full-cycle health service system is an important guarantee to meet the growing health needs of the residents,and it is also a necessary way to promote the construction of a healthy China and achieve universal health coverage.Through literature and logical analysis and other research methods,on the basis of analysing the connotation and characteristics of the modernisation of the Chinese-style comprehensive and full-cycle health service system,the following optimisation progression is proposed:(1)policy leadership-constructing a comprehensive policy system and building a solid health cornerstone;(2)science and technology empowerment-strengthening the application of scientific and technological innovation to drive the development of health;(3)service upgrading-improving the quality of the service process to optimize the health experience;(4)conceptual innovation-changing the traditional concept of health and improving health literacy.

The modernisation of Chinese-style all-round and full-cycle health service system is an important guarantee to meet the growing health needs of the residents,and it is also a necessary way to promote the construction of a healthy China and achieve universal health coverage.Through literature and logical analysis and other research methods,on the basis of analysing the connotation and characteristics of the modernisation of the Chinese-style comprehensive and full-cycle health service system,the following optimisation progression is proposed:(1)policy leadership-constructing a comprehensive policy system and building a solid health cornerstone;(2)science and technology empowerment-strengthening the application of scientific and technological innovation to drive the development of health;(3)service upgrading-improving the quality of the service process to optimize the health experience;(4)conceptual innovation-changing the traditional concept of health and improving health literacy.