Objective To investigate the change of antimicrobial resistance among gram-positive cocci from 1999 to 2006 in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital. Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility test was car-ried out by MIC method, data were analyzed by WHONET 5.3 software. Results A total of 6192 clinical isolates were collected. The top four pathogens were Staphylococcus coagulase-negative, Staphylococcus au-reus, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureas and coagulase-negative were identified in 88.4% and 86.9%, respectively. The resistance rates of S. aureus to penicillin G and ampicillin were more than 90.0% during 1999-2006. Neither strains of S. aureus nor strains of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were found resistant to vancomycin. Vancomyein-resistant Enterococci (VRE) strains were firstly isolated in 2003, thirteen vancomycin-resistant E.faecalis isolates were identified as VanB genotype by PCR and sequencing. The VanA gene was confirmed by PCR and sequencing in seven-teen vancomycin-resistant E.faecium, vancomycin-resistance E.faecium rate increased sharply. The most ac-tive antibiotics against E. faecalis were vancomycin, ampicillin, penicillin with the susceptible rates of 98.7%, 95.7% and 85.6%, however, the susceptibility rate of E. faecalis to penicillin decreased from 94.3%-84.6%. The resistance rates of E.faecalis to clindamycin was 99.0%. The resistance rates of E. faecium to erythromycin and clindamycin were more than 95.0%. The resistance rates of E.faecium to ampi-cillin, penicillin, ciprofloxacin were more than 90.0%. The most active antibiotics against E. faecium was vancomycin. The susceptibility rate of E.faecium to tetracycline increased from 27.8% to 82.6%. Conclu-sion Vancomycin remains highly active against gram-positive cocci. A total of 30 Enterococci isolates were found resistant to vancomycin.

OBJECTIVE: To study on the expression and significance of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the nasus epithelial carcinoma and their signification. METHOD: Fifty cases of epithelial carcinoma tissue and 50 cases of normal nasus tissue were detected for MMP-2 and 9 by immunohistochemistry technique (SP), and analysed their relationships between expression of MMP-and some clinical symptoms. RESULT: The positive ratio of expression of MMP-2 in 50 cases of epithelial carcinoma was 52.0% (26/50), which was significantly higher than those in the normal nasus tissue 28.0% (14/50), P < 0.05. The positive ratio of expression of MMP-9 in 50 cases of epithelial carcinoma was 58.0% (29/50), which was significantly higher than those in the normal nasus tissue 10.0% (5/50), P < 0.05. CONCLUSION It was suggested that there was a close relationship between pathogenesis and development of nasus epithelial carcinoma and the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 in the epithelial carcinoma tissues. The positive results of MMP-2, MMP-9 is partly valid for diagnosis of prognosis rate of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression was high in nasus epithelial carcinoma tissues, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression levels might be able to provide prognostic information.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; Uterine Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology