AIM To establish the UPLC fingerprints of Bushen Qiangshen Tablets (Epimedii Folium,Cuscutae Semen,Rosae Laevigatae Fructus,etc.).METHODS The analysis of 50％ ethanol extract of this drug was performed on a 40 ℃ thermostatic Agilent SB-C18 column (100 mm ×4.6 mm,2.7 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-0.1％ phosphoric acid flowing at 0.5 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 215 nm.Then the fringerprints were evaluated by cluster analysis,principal components analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis.RESULTS There were twenty common peaks in the UPLC fingerprints of twelve batches of samples,nine of which (protocatechuic acid,salidroside,chlorogenic acid,hyperin,specnuezhenide,epimedin C,icariin,kaempferide and baohuoside Ⅰ) were identified,with the similarities of 0.843-0.970.Twelve batches of samples could be divided into three types,and four differential markers,including specnuezhenide and chlorogenic acid,were found out.CONCLUSION This simple and reliable method can be used for the quality control of Bushen Qiangshen Tablets.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the resistance genes in HZB9055 strain of Enterobacter cloacae isolated from the PLA 98th Hospital,Huzhou District,Zhejiang Province,China.METHODS HZB9055 Strain of E.cloacae was isolated from the inpatient in May,2004,41 kinds(or groups) of genes were analyzed by PCR and verified by DNA sequencing.RESULTS In HZB9055 strain of E.cloacae,3 kinds of genes were positive including blaLAP,blaMIR and qnrS.The 38 kinds of rest genes were all tested negative.The blaLAP gene sequence including 858 nucleotides,which had the amino acid mutation in position 193 compared with LAP-1 type narrow-spectrum ?-lactamase(GenBank accession number:EF026092),and was nominated LAP-2(GenBank accession number:EU159120).CONCLUSIONS At least 3 kinds of resistance genes exist in HZB9055 strain of E.cloacae,and blaLAP-2 is a novel subtype of ?-lactamases gene.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the produce of extended-spectrum ?-lactamases(ESBLs) and the presence of genotype of the ?-lactamases-encoding genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from the 98th Hospital of PLA,Huzhou,Zhejiang Province,China.METHODS Twenty-five strains of K.pneumoniae were isolated from the inpatients between Sep 2005 and Apr 2006.ESBLs were tested by phenotypic confirmatory tests recommended by CLSI.Twenty-one kinds of ?-lactamases genes of blaTEM,blaSHV,blaLEN,blaOKP,blaCTX-M-1 group,blaCTX-M-2 group,blaCTX-M-9 group,blaOXA-1 group,blaOXA-2 group,blaOXA-10 group,blCARB,blaPER,blaVEB,blaGES,blaLAP,blaDHA,blaACT/MIR,blaCMY/MOX,blaFOX,blaCMY/LAT,and blaACC were analyzed by PCR and verified by DNA sequencing.RESULTS In 25 strains of K.pneumoniae,the positive,negative,and "uncertainty" rates of ESBLs were 56.0%,20.0%,and 24.0%,respectively.The positive rate of genes of blaTEM,blaSHV,blaCTX-M-1 group,blaOXA-10 group,blaLAP,and blaDHA were 80.0%,4.0%,4.0%,80.0%,4.0% and 32.0%,respectively.The 15 kinds of rest genes were all tested negative.The total positive rate of 21 kinds of ?-lactamases gene was 92.0%.Among them,the blaLAP-2 gene sequence of the HZ12593 strain has been registered in GenBank(GenBank Accession Number: EU529981).CONCLUSIONS There are higher rate of ESBLs-producing strains in K.pneumoniae isolated from the inpatients,and at least 6 kinds of ?-lactamases gene existed.Both genes of blaTEM and blaOXA-10 group are the most common genotypes.Carring blaDHA Gene may influence the result of phenotypic confirmatory test for ESBLs in K.pneumoniae.

Objective To explore the relationship between the levels of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn in serum and Parkinson disease (PD). Methods A total of 40 patients with PD (PD group) and 40 control subjects (control group)were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of Mn were measured by graphite atomic absorption, and Cu ,Fe, Zn were measured by inductively coupled plasma(ICP)mass spectrometry. Resudts There were significantly increase in the levels of Mn and Fe in PD group than those in control group [(0.269±0.326) μ mol/L vs (0.125±0.054) μmol/L, P< 0.05, (1.512±0.949) μmol/L vs (0.676±0.111) μmol/L, P< 0.01)]. There were no significant difference in the levels of Cu and Zn between two groups (P> 0.05). Condusion Micreelements may play important roles in pathogenesis and development of PD, especially Fe and Mn.

Volatility can influence the lifetime of particles in the atmosphere, and provide useful information on the formation of secondary aerosol. The previous studies generally utilized thermodenuder ( TD ) to investigate the volatility behavior of particles. Using TD, semivolatile species are vaporized at different temperature, and the vaporized gas is adsorpted by activated charcoal. However, carbon might be emitted from activated charcoal under high temperature or activated charcoal ageing. In this study, a new method was developed for the measurement of particle volatility by coupling a thermodiluter system to an online single particle aerosol mass spectrometer ( SPAMS) . Aerosol particles were passed into two different channels, and then analyzed by SPAMS. Through Channel 1, aerosol particles were heated to different temperature by heating tube, then non-volatile particles and volatile gas entered into the diluter. After diluting and cooling by diluent air, the non-volatile particles were analyzed by SPAMS. Through Channel 2, aerosol particles were analyzed directly by SPAMS without the heating process. Particle volatility was obtained by comparing the information ( particle size, particle number and mass spectrum ) of particles through Channels 1 and 2. Laboratory tests showed that the diluter could avoid the re-condensation of volatiles to the particles. This developed method was applied in the real time measurement of individual particle volatility in the spring of Guangzhou. The results showed that these particles were primarily comprised of highly volatile and moderate volatile species.