Objective To investigate the differences of efficacy and economic efficiency between neuroendoscope and microscope for intracerebral hematomas cleaning operation. Methods From August 2014 to August 2015, clinical data of 68 cases with intracerebral hemorrhage were analyzed retrospectively. Hematoma evacuation was carried out by microscope in 37 cases (microscope group) received and 31 cases (endoscope group) underwent neuroendoscope. Following parameters were compared: the operation related index (hematoma clearance rate , intraoperative blood loss , the operation time , skin incision , bone window size ) , Glasgow Outcome Scale at 6 months after the operation, complications (intracranial infection, lung infections, gastrointestinal bleeding), medical economic parameters (the postoperative hospital stay, drug cost, cost other than drug, and total hospital cost). Results The hematoma clearance rate, Glasgow Outcome Scale at 6 months after the operation in the endoscope group were significantly better than those in the microscope group (P <0.05). The intraoperative blood loss, the operation time, skin incision, bone window size the postoperative hospital stay , drug costs , no drug costs , and total hospital cost in the neuroendoscope group were significantly lower than those in the microscope group (P < 0.01). The intracranial infection, lung infections in the neuroendoscope group were lower those in the microscope group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding between the two groups (P > 0.05). The postoperative hospital stay, drug costs , no drug costs , and total hospital cost were significantly less in neuroendoscope group than that in microscope group (P< 0.01). Conclusion Neuroendoscopy has less trauma,there are some advantages of neuroendoscopy for intracerebral hematomas cleaning operation , such as minimal trauma , prominent effect , good prognosis and low cost. It should be widely applied in clinical practice.

Human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A ,which is widely involved in the various drug metabolism ,is most abun-dant in liver and intestine .The activity of CYP3A enzyme may be induced or inhibited in the process of drug metabolisms ,and affect the metabolism of other CYP3A substrates and modulators vice versa .At present ,in vitro probe drugs and in vivo bio-markers are both available to evaluate the activity of CYP 3A enzyme .The former requires oral probe drugs ,the latter does not need for those drugs and just allows laboratory technicians to detect endogenous substrates ,such as 4β-hydroxycholesterol and 6β-hydroxycortisol .As reported ,studies on CYP3A help to explain the inter-individually variability in drug metabolism ,to in-dicate dose adjustments in combination regimens when drug interactions exist ,to predict drug efficacy and toxicity reaction for providing theoretical guidance for individualized medication ,and to reduce market risk of new drugs for the potential drug inter-actions .We summarized these two kinds of endogenous biomarkers and their clinical application in this review .