Background::Computer-aided detection (CAD) software has been introduced to automatically interpret digital chest X-rays. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of CAD software (JF CXR-1 v3.0, which was developed by a domestic Hi-tech enterprise) in tuberculosis (TB) case finding in China.Methods::In 2019, we conducted an internal evaluation of the performance of JF CXR-1 v3.0 by reading standard images annotated by a panel of experts. In 2020, using the reading results of chest X-rays by a panel of experts as the reference standard, we conducted an on-site prospective study to evaluate the performance of JF CXR-1 v3.0 and local radiologists in TB case finding in 13 township health centers in Zhongmu County, Henan Province.Results::Internal assessment results based on 277 standard images showed that JF CXR-1 v3.0 had a sensitivity of 85.94% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 77.42%, 94.45%) and a specificity of 74.65% (95% CI: 68.81%, 80.49%) to distinguish active TB from other imaging conditions. In the on-site evaluation phase, images from 3705 outpatients who underwent chest X-ray detection were read by JF CXR-1 v3.0 and local radiologists in parallel. The imaging diagnosis of local radiologists for active TB had a sensitivity of 32.89% (95% CI: 22.33%, 43.46%) and a specificity of 99.28% (95% CI: 99.01%, 99.56%), while JF CXR-1 v3.0 showed a significantly higher sensitivity of 92.11% (95% CI: 86.04%, 98.17%) ( p < 0.05) and maintained high specificity at 94.54% (95% CI: 93.81%, 95.28%). Conclusions::CAD software could play a positive role in improving the TB case finding capability of township health centers.

Background::Computer-aided detection (CAD) software has been introduced to automatically interpret digital chest X-rays. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of CAD software (JF CXR-1 v3.0, which was developed by a domestic Hi-tech enterprise) in tuberculosis (TB) case finding in China.Methods::In 2019, we conducted an internal evaluation of the performance of JF CXR-1 v3.0 by reading standard images annotated by a panel of experts. In 2020, using the reading results of chest X-rays by a panel of experts as the reference standard, we conducted an on-site prospective study to evaluate the performance of JF CXR-1 v3.0 and local radiologists in TB case finding in 13 township health centers in Zhongmu County, Henan Province.Results::Internal assessment results based on 277 standard images showed that JF CXR-1 v3.0 had a sensitivity of 85.94% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 77.42%, 94.45%) and a specificity of 74.65% (95% CI: 68.81%, 80.49%) to distinguish active TB from other imaging conditions. In the on-site evaluation phase, images from 3705 outpatients who underwent chest X-ray detection were read by JF CXR-1 v3.0 and local radiologists in parallel. The imaging diagnosis of local radiologists for active TB had a sensitivity of 32.89% (95% CI: 22.33%, 43.46%) and a specificity of 99.28% (95% CI: 99.01%, 99.56%), while JF CXR-1 v3.0 showed a significantly higher sensitivity of 92.11% (95% CI: 86.04%, 98.17%) ( p < 0.05) and maintained high specificity at 94.54% (95% CI: 93.81%, 95.28%). Conclusions::CAD software could play a positive role in improving the TB case finding capability of township health centers.

Objective To discover new-structure active molecules in order to provide candidate compounds for anti-radiation drug research.Methods Conformational fixation and functional group conversion strategies were used to modify the structure of Ex-RAD before substituted 2H-benzopyran-3-formylaniline compounds were designed and synthesized.The anti-radiation activities of the synthesized compounds were screened via irradiated cell survival models and the cytotoxicity of the active compounds was examined.Western blotting assay was used to investigate the effects of the optimal compound on the expressions of apoptosis related proteins in irradiated cells.The anti-radiation activity of the optimal compound was evaluated through irradiated mice models.Results Twenty-one target compounds were synthesized,eight of which were found to significantly improve the survival of irradiated cells.Four compounds were selected for re-screening and cytotoxicity evaluation.Compound D19 was determined as the optimal compound that could affect the expressions of apoptosis related proteins in irradiated AHH-1 cells by Western blotting assay.Compared with the radiation group,the 30-day survival rate of D19 treated mice irradiated with 8.6 Gy of whole-body radiation increased by 70%.D19 showed protective effect on the blood system of non-lethal dose irradiated mice.Conclusion The novel compound D19 has shown strong anti-radiation activity and deserves more research.

Objective To investigate the expression of long non-coding RNA ubiquitin-specific peptidase 30 antisense RNA 1 (lncRNA USP30-AS1) and its relationship with immune infiltration in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OSC), and to determine its prognostic role in OSC. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was utilized to retrieve the expression of USP30-AS1 and clinical information of 384 OSC patients. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was employed to compare the expression of USP30-AS1 between OSC and normal ovarian tissues. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between clinical pathological features and USP30-AS1. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were performed to investigate enrichment pathways and functions and quantify the degree of immune cell infiltration in USP30-AS1. Based on the expression level of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) USP30-AS1, the samples were divided into high and low expression groups according to the expression mean. Log-rank tests, univariate and multivariate proportional hazards model (Cox) were used to compare prognostic differences between different USP30-AS1 expression groups. The impact of lncRNA USP30-AS1 expression on other genomic analyses was also analyzed. Results High expression of USP30-AS1 was significantly associated with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage of the tumor. Multivariate survival analysis indicated that USP30-AS1 expression level served as an independent prognostic marker for OSC. GSEA data showed that high expression of USP30-AS1 might activate programmed death 1 (PD-1) signaling pathway, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) pathway, B-cell receptor signaling pathway, cell apoptosis, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway, and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway. The expression of USP30-AS1 was negatively correlated with immune cell infiltration, including B cells, CD4⁺ T cells, dendritic cells, CD8⁺ T cells, and neutrophils. Conclusion USP30-AS1 may be used as a prognostic molecular marker for OSC.
Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Computational Biology ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/genetics* ; RNA, Antisense ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics* ; Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases/genetics*

Objective:To explore the reliability and validity of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health′s 17-item Rehabilitation Set (ICF-RS-17) when used to evaluate multidisciplinary inpatients.Methods:A total of 359 inpatients in the departments of rehabilitation, orthopedics, neurology, and neurosurgery of three hospitals in Jiangsu province were assessed with the ICF-RS-17 at admission and at discharge, and the internal consistency of the tool was calculated. Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability were quantified using interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Structural validity was analyzed using factor analysis.Results:The tool′s Cronbach′s α was 0.945. The overall inter-rater ICC was 0.946 with the ICCs of all of the items except b280 sensation of pain within the range from 0.630 to 0.948. The overall intra-rater ICCs ranged from 0.471 to 0.947. The factor analysis found three factors with eigenvalues greater than 1, accounting for 74% of the variation, without double-loaded items. The three influential factors were exercise ability, sleep perception communication ability and self-care ability.Conclusion:The ICF-RS-17 has good internal consistency, inter-rater and intra-rater reliability and structural validity in the evaluation of multidisciplinary inpatients.

Objective    To review and analyze the clinical manifestations of common aortitis in cardiac surgery. Methods    We screened 41 552 patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Cardiac Surgery of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from 2010 to 2020, analyzed the patients' clinical data, and classified according to the type of diseases. Then we summarized all their clinical manifestations. Results    In our center 145 patients were operated for aortitis diseases, including 75 males and 70 females, with the age of 24-76 (45.6±11.3) years. There were 61 patients of Takayasu's arteritis, 51 patients of Behcet's disease, 8 patients of syphilitic aortitis, 8 patients of systemic lupus erythematosus, 2 patients of Kawasaki disease, 4 patients of ankylosing spondylitis, 10 patients of dry syndrome, and 1 patient of scleroderma. Conclusion    Aortitis is not uncommon in cardiac surgery, and awareness of the disease should be enhanced. So that we can distinguish various types of aortitis and to make proper management to improve patients' prognosis.

Objective:To explore the validity of a function assessing tool based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health′s (ICF′s) rehabilitation set in assessing aging-related disability.Methods:A total of 1610 elderly people from 15 nursing homes across China were assessed using the tool based on the ICF′s rehabilitation set and with the 12-item short form health survey (SF-12). The structural validity of the responses was analyzed using factor analysis, and criterion-related validity was also evaluated.Results:The factor analysis yielded three factors with eigenvalues greater than 1. Their cumulative explanatory power was 74.4%. Item d550 eating had double loading in the factor analysis. The item scores and the total scores of the disability assessment tool were significantly negatively correlated with the physiological function domain scores and the psychological function domain scores.Conclusion:The function assessment tool based on the ICF′s rehabilitation set when combined with a numerical rating scale has good structural and criterion-related validity in the assessment of disability due to aging.

Competing endogenous RNAs (CeRNAs) are crisscrossing regulatory networks. CeRNAs networks can mediate malignant tumor cell phenotypes, including proliferation and inhibition, autophagy, infinite growth, induction of angiogenesis and angiogenic mimicosis, immune escape, etc.. It is expected to provide new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for malignant tumors to master the regulation and function of CeRNAs mediated phenotype in malignant tumors.

Objective    To summarize the clinical experience of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in adult patients with cardiac surgery, analyze the risk factors associated with the mortality and other severe complications and to discuss prevention methods of complications during ECMO treatment. Methods    The clinical data of 26 patients with cardiac surgery, who underwent ECMO because of cardiopulmonary insufficiency ect in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from January 2012 to September 2017, were retrospectively analyzed. There were 19 males and 7 females aged 24–80 (58.0±13.9) years. Results    Twelve (42.3%) patients successfully weaned from ECMO and six (23.1%) were discharged from hospital. Among 26 patients, 24 received VA ECMO (veno-arterial ECMO), including 5 after heart transplantation, 9 after heart valve surgery, and 3 were successfully weaned from ECMO. Seven patients with valvular surgery underwent ECMO within 48 hours due to refractory low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS). Eight patients  underwent major angioplasty, 3 of whom were successfully weaned from ECMO. Four patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and other cardiac surgeries. Patients with VA ECMO were treated with femoral vein-femoral artery cannulation except for 2 patients undergoing femoral vein-radial artery cannulation after major angioplasty. Patients with VV ECMO (veno-venous ECMO) underwent femoral vein-jugular vein cannulation. After ECMO support, 10 patients with bleeding occurred, and 5 patients were successfully weaned from ECMO. All patients had transfusion therapy during the assist period, 7 patients had infection after ECMO support, 4 patients suffered severe distal limb ischemia. There was no significant difference in the lactic acid between the survival and the dead patients before and after ECMO support. However, the decline of serum lactic acid in the survivors was faster than that of the dead patients. The trend was the most significant within 6 h after the operation. Conclusion    ECMO is one of the significant treatments for LCOS and refractory hypoxemia after cardiac surgery. The type of cardiac surgery and the timing of catheter placement are key factors for the success of ECMO. The different ways of ECMO intubation, prevention and control of bleeding during ECMO, monitoring and management of internal environment and the strategies of anti-infection are all important for success of ECMO.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of minimally invasive poking reduction technique in the treatment of single segment thoracolumbar fractures without neural impairment.Methods From February 2011 to June 2015,83 cases of thoracolumbar fractures without neural impairment underwent minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation in Linyi Central Hospital were selected and randomly divided into two groups.Group A (40 cases) was treated with poking reduction technique by percutaneous polyaxial pedical screw fixation,43 patients in group B were treated with only percutaneous polyaxial pedicle screw fixation.The perioperative index,pre-and postoperative radiography,relief of the low back pain and general health status of the two groups were recorded and compared.Results There were no statistically significant differences in the operation time,operative blood loss,hospitalization time.All patients were followed up for 20-27months (average 24 months),the scores of visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disablity index(ODI) had no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the same period(all P ＞ 0.05).Before operation,the Cobb angle,sagittal index and anterior height of the fracture vertebral body in group A were (66.3 ± 14.2) ％,(20.4 ± 6.5) °,(21.9 ± 6.6) °,respectively,which in group B were (64.8 ± 13.5) ％,(14.5 ± 7.7) °,(15.6 ± 5.9) °,respectively,the differences were not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).After operation,the Cobb angle,sagittal index and anterior height of the fracture vertebral body in group A were (93.8 ± 9.8)％,(5.3 ± 3.3) °,(5.4 ± 2.0) °,respectively,which in group B were (88.0 ± 10.6) ％,(4.1 ± 2.8) °,(8.1 ± 4.7) °,respectively,the differences were statistically significant (t =8.893,2.345,3.351,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The effect of poking reduction technique by percutaneous polyaxial pedical screw fixation is better than simply polyaxial pedicle screw in the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture,which is a safe and effective operation method.