BACKGROUND:Inflammatory factor plays an important role in restenosis after bal oon injury. Sphingosine1-phosphate receptor 1 can enhance the expression of inflammatory factor and promote development and progression of this pathological process.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the expression of the inflammatory factors and sphingosine1-phosphate receptor 1 after bal oon injury of the rat carotid artery and effects of fingolimod hydrochloride on reducing inflammatory reaction.
METHODS:Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were equal y and randomly divided into four groups. In the blank control group and negative control group, left common carotid artery was only isolated, and left external carotid artery was ligated. In the bal oon injury group and drug intervention group, rat models of carotid artery injury were
established by bal oon injury on the left common carotid artery. In the negative control and drug intervention groups, the rats were intraperitoneal y injected with fingolimod hydrochloride 1 mg/kg. In the blank control and bal oon injury groups, the rats were intraperitoneal y injected with an equal volume of saline. Samples were col ected at 3, 7 and 21 days.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the proliferation of blood vessel was remarkable in the bal oon injury group, but attenuated in the drug intervention group. The appearance of blood vessels was normal in the blank control group and negative control group. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR revealed that cyclooxygenase 2 and prostaglandin E2 mRNA expression levels were significantly lower in the drug intervention group than those in the bal oon injury group at 7 days (P<0.05). Cyclooxygenase 2 and prostaglandin E2 mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in the bal oon injury group and drug intervention group than those in the blank control group and negative control group at the same time point (P<0.05). Western blot assay results revealed that sphingosine1-phosphate receptor 1 expression was high in early stage of injury, and then reduced in late stage of injury. In particular, protein expression further decreased after drug intervention. Results indicated that fingolimod hydrochloride suppressed inflammatory reaction of injured blood vessels and lessened the stenosis of injured blood vessels by regulating cyclooxygenase 2 and prostaglandin E2 mRNA expression using sphingosine1-phosphate receptor 1.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the face and content validation of the virtual reality transurethral resection of the prostate simulator (TURPSim(TM)).

METHODSThe 60 urology doctor aged 26 - 50 years old all over the country were enrolled for virtual reality training of TURP from September 2010 to June 2011. Participants classified as experts (more than 50 procedures performed) and novices (50 or fewer procedures performed) performed TURPs on TURPSim(TM) involving resection of 25 - 80 g prostate. They completed questionnaires regarding utility for residency training, realism and overall score of the TURPSim(TM). Performances of two groups were evaluated after 2-day training.

RESULTSwere recorded and analyzed.

RESULTSMean utility for residency training, realism and overall score were (8.8 ± 1.1) and (8.5 ± 1.4), (8.0 ± 1.2) and (8.4 ± 1.1), (8.7 ± 0.9) and (8.6 ± 0.8) in experts and novices respectively. There was no significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05). Spearman's correlation coefficients analysis showed an significant positive correlation between utility for residency training and realism (r = 0.625, P = 0.000), utility for residency training and overall score (r = 0.691, P = 0.000) in experts, utility for residency training and realism (r = 0.702, P = 0.000), utility for residency training and overall score (r = 0.664, P = 0.001) in novices. Prostate resection rate (87.3% ± 7.7%), bleeding control rate (94.4% ± 6.6%) and safety (95.2% ± 5.5%) in novices increased after training (t = -3.689, -2.274, -2.507, all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe face and content validation of transurethral resection of the prostate simulator is good, virtual reality training of TURP may improve the skills necessary to perform TURP. Transurethral resection of the prostate simulator can be used to train urology residents.

Adult ; Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; education ; methods ; Urology ; education ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value of laparoscopic virtual reality simulator in laparoscopic suture ability training of catechumen.

METHODSAfter finishing the virtual reality training of basic laparoscopic skills, 26 catechumen were divided randomly into 2 groups, one group undertook advanced laparoscopic skill (suture technique) training with laparoscopic virtual reality simulator (virtual group), another used laparoscopic box trainer (box group). Using our homemade simulations, before grouping and after training, every trainee performed nephropyeloureterostomy under laparoscopy, the running time, anastomosis quality and proficiency were recorded and assessed.

RESULTSFor virtual group, the running time, anastomosis quality and proficiency scores before grouping were (98 ± 11) minutes, 3.20 ± 0.41, 3.47 ± 0.64, respectively, after training were (53 ± 8) minutes, 6.87 ± 0.74, 6.33 ± 0.82, respectively, all the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.01). In box group, before grouping were (98 ± 10) minutes, 3.17 ± 0.39, 3.42 ± 0.67, respectively, after training were (52 ± 9) minutes, 6.08 ± 0.90, 6.33 ± 0.78, respectively, all the differences also were statistically significant (all P < 0.01). After training, the running time and proficiency scores of virtual group were similar to box group (all P > 0.05), however, anstomosis quality scores in virtual group were higher than in box group (P = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONThe laparoscopic virtual reality simulator is better than traditional box trainer in advanced laparoscopic suture ability training of catechumen.

Adult ; Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Inservice Training ; Laparoscopy ; education ; Male ; Suture Techniques ; education

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of the serum testosterone (T) level with metabolic syndrome (MS).

METHODSWe enrolled in this investigation 1,006 men aged 30-60 years in Beijing and obtained the data on their blood pressure (BP), waist circumference (WC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and serum testosterone (T). The men were divided into an MS group and a non-MS (NMS) group based on The Chinese Adult Dyslipidemia Prevention Guide 2007. The results were compared and analyzed.

RESULTSThere was no statistically significant difference between the ages of the two groups (P >0.05). Systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), WC, FBG and TG were significantly higher, while serum T and HDL-C remarkably lower in the MS than in the NMS group (P <0.001). The serum T level was markedly decreased with the increase of MS components (P <0.01). Both Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression analyses showed that the serum T level was negatively correlated with age, WC, SBP and TG (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONLow serum T level may predict the development of MS in men.

Adult ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Blood Pressure ; Case-Control Studies ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome ; blood ; physiopathology ; Middle Aged ; Testosterone ; blood ; Triglycerides ; blood ; Waist Circumference

OBJECTIVETo determine the influence of maximal androgen blockade (MAB) on bone mineral density (BMD) in men with prostate cancer.

METHODSWe enrolled 40 men with prostate cancer treated by MAB for 7 to 12 months. We obtained the laboratory results of PSA, testosterone, serum calcium and phosphorus, 24-h urine calcium and phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone, measured the BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, recorded pain scores, and compared the results before and after the treatment.

RESULTSBefore MAB treatment, 5 (12.5%) of the patients met the BMD criteria of lumbar spine (L2-4) osteopenia, 8 (20%) lumbar spine (L2-4) osteoporosis, 13 (32.5%) left femoral neck osteopenia, and 15 (37.5%) left femoral neck osteoporosis. The PSA and testosterone levels were decreased from (52.9 +/- 69.9) microg/L and (18.9 +/- 6.5) nmol/L before MAB to (1.5 +/- 1.6) microg/L and (1.9 +/- 1.3) nmol/L after it (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences before and after MAB in the levels of serum calcium and phosphorus, 24-h urine calcium and phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone (P>0.05), nor in the BMD levels of the lumbar spine ([1.1 +/- 0.1] vs [1.1 +/- 0.2] g/cm2) and femoral neck ([0.8 +/- 0.2] vs [0.8 +/- 0.1] g/cm2), nor in the pain score ([0.6 +/- 0.2] vs [0.7 +/- 0.1], P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONMAB treatment (range from 7 to 12 months) has no significant influence on BMD in men with prostate cancer, but BMD should be measured before MAB.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; analysis ; Androgen Antagonists ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; etiology ; Calcium ; blood ; urine ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis ; etiology ; Parathyroid Hormone ; analysis ; Phosphorus ; urine ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Testosterone ; blood

Objective: To analyze the impact of dual antiplatelet (DAPT) therapy combining with or without proton pump inhibitors (PPI) on the main outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: The PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant literature and the references obtained from these sources were retrieved manually from inception till September 2017. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established follow the Cochrane review standard. A total of 977 literatures were included, 193 duplicates were excluded, 74 reviews, case reports, letters and systematic reviews were excluded, 667 literatures were excluded after reading the title and abstract, 34 literatures were excluded due to non-randomized control studies and unrelated outcome indicators, and 9 literatures were finally included with a total of 16 589 patients. RevMan 5.3 software was used to compare the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), cardiogenic death, recurrent myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, all-cause death, stent thrombosis, stroke, gastrointestinal bleeding and gastrointestinal events in patients with DAPT combining with or without PPI after PCI. Results: MACE was observed in 8 out of the 9 included literatures, and the results showed that MACE occurred in 561 out of 6 282 patients receiving DAPT combining with PPI therapy and in 951 out of 9 632 patients using DAPT alone (OR=1.15, 95%CI 0.88-1.51, P>0.05). Cardiogenic death was observed in 7 out of the 9 included literatures, and the results showed that cardiogenic death occurred in 172 out of 6 453 patients receiving DAPT combining with PPI treatment and in 321 out of the 9 839 patients using DAPT alone (OR=0.97, 95%CI 0.80-1.18, P>0.05). Recurrent myocardial infarction was observed in 7 out of the 9 included literatures, the results showed 416 out of 6 282 cases in DAPT combining with PPI therapy group experienced recurrent myocardial infarction and 691 out of 9 632 cases in DAPT group experienced recurrent myocardial infarction (OR=1.01, 95%CI 0.89-1.16, P>0.05). Four out of 9 literatures observed revascularization. The results showed that revascularization was performed in 64 out of 2 173 patients receiving DAPT combining with PPI therapy and in 105 out of the 2 770 patients using DAPT alone (OR=1.33, 95%CI 0.55-3.24, P>0.05). All-cause death was observed in 7 out of the 9 included literatures, and the results showed that all-cause death occurred in 172 out of the 6 453 patients in DAPT combining with PPI therapy group and in 321 out of the 9 839 patients using DAPT alone (OR=0.97, 95%CI 0.80-1.18, P>0.05). Three out of the 9 included articles observed stent thrombosis, and the results showed that stent thrombosis occurred in 99 out of 2 997 patients receiving DAPT combining with PPI therapy and in 245 out of the 6 198 patients treated with DAPT (OR=1.07, 95%CI 0.83-1.37, P>0.05). Stroke was observed in 2 out of the 9 included literatures. The results showed that stroke occurred in 5 out of 2 019 patients receiving DAPT combining with PPI therapy, and in 4 out of the 2 033 patients treated with DAPT (OR=1.00, 95%CI 0.29-3.49, P>0.05). Gastrointestinal bleeding was observed in 6 out of the 9 included literatures. The results showed that gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in 26 out of 3 517 patients receiving DAPT combined with PPI therapy, and in 93 out of the 3 506 patients treated with DAPT, gastrointestinal bleeding was significantly lower in the DAPT combining with PPI group than DAPT alone group (OR=0.27, 95%CI 0.17-0.41, P<0.01). Gastrointestinal events were reported in 6 out of the 9 included articles. Similarly, gastrointestinal events were observed in 51 out of 3 517 patients receiving DAPT combined with PPI therapy, and in 190 out of the 3 506 patients treated with DAPT alone, the incidence of gastrointestinal events in the DAPT combined with PPI group was significantly lower than DAPT alone group (OR=0.24, 95%CI 0.14-0.42, P<0.01). Conclusions The incidence of MACE, cardiogenic death, recurrent myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, all-cause death, stent thrombosis and stroke are not affected by DAPT combined with PPI therapy after PCI, while the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding and gastrointestinal events could be reduced by adding PPI to DAPT in patients undergoing PCI.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the incidence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED) in men aged > or = 50 years and to achieve the correlation between LUTS (obstructive symptoms and stimulant symptoms) and ED.

METHODSWe investigated 245 men aged > or = 50 years and with regular sex mates using International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5), designed diagnostic interrogation and medical examination, and statistically analyzed the results of IPSS, IIEF-5, LUTS and their correlation with erectile function.

RESULTSThe incidence of ED was 81.9% (140/171) among the men with LUTS, 73.1% (38/52), 82.1% (46/56) and 88.9% (56/63) respectively in the 50-59, 60-69 and > or = 70 age groups, with significant differences in IPSS, IIEF-5 (P < 0.01) and the severity of ED (P < 0.01) among different age groups. ED incidence was found significantly correlated with the severity of LUTS (r = 0.52, P < 0.01), 71.3% (57/80), 89.6% (60/67) and 95.8% (23/24) respectively in the groups of mild, moderate and severe LUTS. The mean scores on obstructive and stimulant symptoms were (3.1 +/- 3.6) and (6.8 +/- 4.9), and their correlation coefficients with IIEF-5 were r = -0.41 (P < 0.01) and r = -0.59 (P < 0.01), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe incidence of ED is high in men with LUTS and positively correlated with the severity of LUTS. Stimulant symptoms have greater influence than obstructive symptoms on the sexual life of old and middle-aged males.

Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Erectile Dysfunction ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urethral Obstruction ; diagnosis ; epidemiology

Background: Organ preservation has long been a consideration in the treatment of supraglottic and hypopharyngeal carcinoma to improve the quality of life (QOL). Definitive radiotherapy (DRT) with or without systematic treatment, such as chemotherapy, is always the first choice to achieve improved QOL. This retrospective study focused on the survival differences between DRT and surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy (S + RT) in supraglottic and hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: This study included adult patients with supraglottic or hypopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing single-modality treatment with either DRT or S + RT between January 2012 and August 2016. A total of 59 patients were identified, of whom 31 were treated with DRT, and 28 were treated with S + RT. In the 31 cases of DRT, 23 cases were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT), one case was treated with DRT plus cetuximab, and seven cases were treated with DRT alone. Of the other 28 cases of S + RT, 15 cases were treated with adjuvant concurrent CRT. Survival analysis was used to compare the overall survival (OS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) between DRT and S + RT groups. Results: The median follow-up was 20 months (range, 4-67 months). The patients of the two groups were similar with respect to mean age, original sites, and tumor stages. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year OS rates were 80.6%, 53.4%, and 24.7% for the DRT group and 85.7%, 67.1%, and 24.7% for the S + RT group, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (χ² = 3.183, P = 0.074). The 1-, 2-, and 5-year LRFS and DMFS were 90.4%, 61.7%, and 18.0% and 87.4%, 49.2%, and 9.9%, respectively, and no statistical difference was observed between the two groups (LRFS: χ² = 0.028, P = 0.868; DMFS: χ² = 3.347, P = 0.067). No significant difference was found between the two groups in acute radiotoxicity. Conclusions Without loss of laryngeal function, the survival of DRT is comparable to that of S + RT in supraglottic and hypopharyngeal carcinoma.

Humans ; Consensus ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy* ; Neuroendocrine Tumors/therapy*