We describe our experience of surgical treatment in a patient with Takayasu's arteritis who required aortic root replacement because of perivalvular aortic regurgitation, developing 2 years after aortic valve replacement. A 65-year-old man underwent aortic valve replacement with a mechanical valve 3 years previously because of serious aortic insufficiency associated with Takayasu's arteritis. No steroids were given postoperatively. Three years after surgery, perivalvular aortic regurgitation developed. Reoperation was scheduled because of increased regurgitation and valve dehiscence. The sinus of Valsalva and the ascending aorta were enlarged, and a false aneurysm was found at the suture line of the aortotomy. Moderate mitral insufficiency was also present. The patient underwent aortic root replacement with a mechanical valve (J-graft Shield^®, 24 mm ; and SJM Regent^®, 21 mm), hemiarch replacement (J-graft Shield^®, 24 mm), and mitral annuloplasty (IMR ET Logix^® ring, 28 mm). Intraoperative examination showed very severe adhesion around the ascending aorta and marked wall thickening extending from the aortic root to the ascending aorta. The annulus was recognized to be very fragile after the mechanical valve was removed. The annulus was reinforced with autologous pericardium patch, furthermore, the subannulus was reinforced with a shortly cut artificial vessel graft. Aortic root replacement was then performed. After surgery, the patient received steroids. Inflammation was improved by steroids and the patient is being followed up on an outpatient basis. In patients with a fragile annulus and severe inflammation associated with aortitis, tissue reinforcement and postoperative management of inflammation are essential.

We describe our surgical treatment in a patient with subvalvular aortic stenosis due to pannus formation beneath a monocusp mechanical valve. In this case, transvalvular removal of subvalvular pannus using a CUSA (Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator) was performed successfully. A 77-year-old woman underwent aortic valve replacement with a monocusp tilting-disk mechanical valve (Björk-Shiley, 23 mm) 30 years previously. Reoperation for severe aortic stenosis due to calcified subvalvular pannus formation was required. Intraoperative findings revealed no limitation of leaflet motion of the valve but presence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction caused by subvalvular pannus formation under the major orifice of the prosthesis. Because of difficulty of exposure of the prosthetic valve due to severely calcified valsalva sinus wall, simple re-do aortic valve replacement seemed to be almost impossible. Therefore, we tried transvalvular removal of the pannus. A scalpel could not be applied due to severe calcification of the pannus. Then we used CUSA and removed the pannus successfully. Finally, subvalvular stenosis (LVOTO) was ameliorated and a decrease of trans-aortic valve velocity was recognized. She is doing well without recurrence 1.5 years after the surgery.

A 55-year-old woman with fever and consciousness disorder diagnosed as infective endocarditis was transported to our hospital. She had atopic dermatitis. A mobile vegetation at the mitral valve was revealed by the transesophageal echocardiography, and a computed tomography (CT) scan showed cerebral infarction, left renal infarction and suspected embolization of the vegetation. Streptococcus aureus was detected in the blood culture test. We conducted emergent surgery, mitral valve plasty was performed. On the second day after the operation, the hemoglobin began to decrease, and the hemodynamics became unstable. The contrast CT examination revealed arterial bleeding from the left kidney, which had an infarction before the operation. We performed emergent catheter liquid embolization for the superior polar branch of the left renal artery, and the hemodynamics improved thereafter. There has been no report of renal hemorrhage after cardiac surgery for infective endocarditis. This case reminded us that cardiac surgery for infective endocarditis may cause various complications of organs.