Flood damage is one of the ordinary natural calamities. The areas of middle and down of the Yangtze River and its south are the endemic area of schistosomiasis. As the flood damage,it causes property loss,and harm public and people health severely even. This paper aims at the status of catastrophic flood damage again in the Yangtze River basin ,analyzes the impact of schistosomiasis transmission by it,and indicates that at present,the process of schistosomiasis control in China is marching from transmission control to transmission interruption and elimination,but the frequent flooding exacerbates Oncomelania hupen?sis snail breeding area and schistosomiasis source spreading,which may influence,in a certain extent,the realization of the goal of schistosomiasis control in China. We should timely assess and monitor the impact and risk of schistosomiasis transmission by flood damage,and give the early warning and adopt emergency handling measures in time. This paper also proposes the disas?ter prevention measures according to flood damage stages(the early,middle,later,and post?flood)and the occurrence and de?velopment of damage and endemic situation,so as to control the risk and damage of the disease transmission in a high limit,to consolidate the current achievements of schistosomiasis prevention and control and guarantee the realization of the goal of schisto?somiasis interruption and elimination in China on the schedule.

Objective:To investigate the stress distribution of the edentulous maxilla with unilateral maxillary defect after implant rehabilitation under occlusal loads.Methods:Three dimensional finite element model of the edentulous maxilla with unilateral maxillary defect was build.The stress distribution of the edentulous maxilla under occlusal loads with computer simulated implant rehabilitation was investigated.Results:Regardless of load manner,the stress of the bone around 1 were high when just healthy side implanted,but the stress reduced after implantantion in health side combined with the implantation in zygoma in defect side.Conclusion:Implantation in health side combined with that in zygoma in defect side can reduce the stress of the bone around the implant.

Schistosomiasis Control and Elimination(GB 15976-2015)and Diagnostic Criteria for Schistosomiasis(WS 261-2006)are the only two national health criteria related to schistosomiasis control program implemented in P. R. China. The roles of criteria to guide and accelerate the transition from schistosomiasis control to elimination are concluded ,based on this system?atic review how the criteria led the implementation of the medium?and long?term national plan and provided the guidance when drafting the thirteen?five years national plan for schistosomiasis,and the suggestion to draft more criteria related to schistosomia?sis elimination program and strengthening the implementation of current criteria,so as to precisely guide the schistosomiasis elimination program in P. R. China.

Objective To understand the progress in schistosomiasis resoareh over the last l0 years through a biblimetrie approaeh.Methods The literature was searched in Web of Science citation database (1998-2008)by using the following terms: schistosomiasis* or schistosoma or schistosome. The searching results were analyzed by the Derwent Analytics software concerning the article numbers and the total citations by countries,institutes and authors, and journal distribution, in an effort to discover schistosomiasis research progress in and outside China. Results The annual number of schistosomiasis articles published in Web of Science had little change from 1998 to 2008.The US phyed a leading role in the schistosomiasis research in the world.China had made a great progress in schistosomiasis research in the past years.but Was still lagging behind developed countries.The vaccine and drug development,the immune mechanisms resulting in morbidity were the focuses of schistosomiasis research in the world.Meanwhile.the transcriptome and proteome of Schistosoma japonicum,schistosomiasis vaccines and drugs,spatial epidemiology Were the focuses of research in China.Conclusion The research of schistosomiasis in China has been progressing rapidly,but is still lagging behind its international peers.

The genetic structure of small-scale landscape groups of Oncomelania hupensis in Songzi City ,Hubei Province was identify in this study .O .hupensis snails were collected from 10 habitats in Songzi City ,of which 6 polymorphic microsat-ellite DNA loci (T6-17 ,P101 ,D11 ,B14 ,T4-33 ,and C22) were carried out with GeneScan .The number of alleles (Na) ,het-erozygosity (H) ,fixation index (FST) of snails in each group ,genetic distance between groups ,and the polymorphic informa-tion content (PIC) were calculated .Cluster analysis was then carried out based on genetic distance ,and hierarchical AMOVA calculation was conducted .By certified the shells of snails ,10 groups were divided into light and ribbed shell (including shallow rib and deep rib) .There were 141 alleles in total detection on 10 populations and 20-34 alleles in each locus ,which were detec-ted for 23 .5 on average .The average number of alleles in 6 loci was 1 .575 and the number of alleles in each locus was uneven , showing large numerical differences ranged from 0 .445 to 3 .060 .The average observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0 .438 ue between paired populations was from -0 .015 64 to 0 .252 47 ,and the polymorphic information content in the population ranged from 0 .528 -0 .857 ,showing a high polymorphism .Hierarchical AMOVA calculations showed that inter-individual variation of the snails occupied 88 .4% of the total variations .Cluster analysis revealed that the three ribbed shell population in Munu Kou Village ,Hengti Village and Yixing Village first clustered to the three light shell population in Mashizizu Village , Mingzhu Village and Tuqiao Village ,then clustered to the light shell population in Tuanshan Village and Jiama Cao Village with the two shallow rib population in Desheng Village and Tianmu He Village .Under the different landscape environment of Songzi Area ,there were different shells presenting on the morphology of O .hupensis .Although there was a rich diversity on O .hupensis of Songzi City ,the genetic differences mostly present in individuals .Different groups didn’t show the significant genetic differentiation among the different shell morphology of O .hupensis .

The approach of stem cell transplantation to treat different types of diseases has been becoming a hot issue in the field of regenerative medicine.Potentially, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) possess strong proliferation and multi-di-rection differentiation ability .Under special certain kind of induction circumstances , BMMSCs can trans-differentiate into myocardial cells, osteoblasts, fat cells, neurons, endothelial cells.It is difficult that how to obtain enough BMMSCs for basic and clinical studies using BMMSCs treating diseases .Currently , there are many methods of in vitro proliferation of BMMSCs with advantages and disadvan -tages.In this paper, an overview of BMMSCs proliferation strategy in vitro is provided .

Based on the review of status of schistosomiasis transmission and surveillance in P.R. China,this article analyzed the present challenges in the surveillance on schistosomiasis. The focus on schistosomiasis surveillance and the needs for improv-ing surveillance system after the achievement of transmission control of schistosomiasis were explored.

Objective To establish a monitoring and evaluation indicator framework in the context of malaria elimination in pilot areas in China,so as to further assess the malaria elimination work in the future. Methods Based on the consultancy, and according to the government documents such as Action Plan for Malaria Elimination in China (2010-2020),Technical Guidance for Malaria Elimination,Programme Evaluation on Malaria Elimination,the indicators were set up at both provincial and county levels and their application was conducted in Yunnan and Anhui provinces to assess the accountability,accessibility and applicability. Results An indicator framework was built up including four key components,which were input,process, output and impact indicators,in which 95 were provincial indicators and 98 were county indicators. The completion rate of the indicators of Yunnan and Anhui provinces were 94.7%(90/95)and 95.8%(91/95)respectively;and the completion rate of in?dicators of Tengchong and Feidong counties were 93.9%(92/98)and 92.9%(91/98)respectively. Conclusion The estab?lished indicator framework is reliable and applicable,which could effectively help to track the malaria elimination progress and identify gaps.

Objective To produce a comprehensive transcript dataset of Oncomelania hupensis before and after Schistosoma japonicum infection,so as to provide experimental data for perfecting genetic structural information and excavating related mo-lecular markers of O. hupensis infected by S. japonicum. Methods O. hupensis snails were divided into the following 3 groups:one week after S. japonicum miracidium infection,4 weeks after S. japonicum miracidium infection,and normal condition. Mil-lion high-quality reads were obtained from the normalized cDNA of the pooled samples,which were assembled into transcripts. Results A total of 63686 unigenes were identified and were classified into 4 main categories,including general functional pre-diction(15.36%),signal transduction mechanism(11.75%),posttranslational modification(8.89%),and functional unknown (12.20%). Conclusions The transcriptome information of O. hupensis snail after the invasion of S. japonicum shows that sever-al genes are significantly up-regulated or down regulated expression,and that the availability of transcriptome information might provide a strong foundation for further understanding the schistosome-snail interaction at the molecular level.

Oncomelania hupensis is the only intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum. The elimination of Oncomelania snails is the key technique step for schistosomiasis control. This paper summarizes the progress of the techniques of snail control，including the methods of ecology engineering，biology，molluscicides and the study on novel molluscicides，and reviews their features. In addition，this paper explores the appropriate approach to control the snails.