Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis strain C500 is a live attenuated vaccine that has been widely used in Chi‐na for over 50 years to prevent piglet paratyphoid .However ,as C500 is obtained by chemical methods ,the genetic background of this strain remained unclear .In this study ,we compared the genomic differences between the virulent reference strain C 78‐2 and C500 by suppression subtractive hybridization combined with the mirror orientation selection method (MOS‐SSH ) .Six genes (asr ,ydgF ,ydgD ,ydgE ,rpoS ,and ptsG) were lost in C500 strain .Using real‐time PCR analysis ,we demonstrated that the genes regulated by rpoS ,a vital transcriptional regulator playing an important role in Salmonella infection ,were downregulated in C500 .Additionally ,the virulence of the rpoS mutant strain C78‐2ΔrpoS was 100 000 times lower than the parental strain in BALB/c mice .So loss of rpoS gene is the major factor leading to the attenuation of C500 strain .

Objective To determine the immune responses induced by recombinant Salmonella ty-phimurium expressing the secreting antigen ESAT-6 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods ESAT-6 cod-ing gene was cloned and identified by PCR and sequencing. Prokaryotic expression plasmid pYA33-esat car-rying the ESAT-6 coding sequence was constructed firstly and electro-transformed into an attenuated strain X4550 of Salmonella typhimurium, the recombinant bacteria was named as X4550(33-esat). C57BL/6 mice were immunized intranasally (I. N) with 108 CFU recombinant bacteria at day 0 and 18. Cells from spleen, lung, mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and Peyer's patch (PP) were collected from mice after second immu-nization, and the specific IFN-γ-secreting cells and IL-4-secreting cells were detected by ELISPOT assay u-sing ESAT-6 peptide as stimulus. Furthermore, CTL effects were in vivo evaluated by CFSE assay. Results The results showed that cellular immune responses specific for ESAT-6 could be detected by ELISPOT assay. In lung and PP cells, immune responses against ESAT-6 were biased toward Th1 type, the frequency of IFN-γ-secreting cells was much higher than that of IL-4-secreting cells. In splenocytes and MLN cells, the anti-gen specific immune responses acted as Thl and Th2 balance, the frequency of IFN-γ-secreting cells was close to that of IL-4-secreting cells. CFSE assay indicated that recombinant bacteria could induce the high level of CTL effects specific for ESAT-6 peptide. Conclusion These results suggested that recombinant Sal-monella typhimurium X4550(33-esat) not only can induce cellular immune responses, but also can elicit specific CTL responses after I. N immunization. It also provided the useful information for the control of infec-tious disease of tuberculosis.

Bovine interferon-gamma (BoIFN-gamma) gene was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from total RNA of bovine spleen lymphocytes stimulated with ConA. The products of RT-PCR were cloned into pVAX1 vector, positive recombinant clone was identified by restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing. The recombinant plasmid pVAX1-BolFN-gamma was transfected into COS-7 cells mediated by lipofectine, indirect immunofluorescent assay analysis confirmed that rBoIFN-gamma was expressed in COS-7 cells. BoIFN-gamma gene (without signal peptide) was cloned into pET-30a(+) and pGEX-6p-1 vector, and transformed into the Escherichia coli cells. After optimizing the induction condition, SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the expression products were all found in soluble form and had a molecular weight of 23 kDa and 43 kDa respectively. BoLFN-gamma precursor gene (with signal peptide) was cloned into transfer vector pFastBac 1, and transformated into DH10Bac E. coli cells. By site-specific transposition, BoIFN-gamma gene was integrated into shuttle vector Bacmid, and transfected into the Sf9 insect cells mediated by lipofectine to produce recombinant baculovirus. Indirect immunofluorescent assay analysis confirmed that rBac-BoLFN-gamma was expressed successfully in Baculovirus vector system. The antiviral activities of rHis-BoIFN-gamma, rGST-BoIFN-gamma and rBac-BoIFN-gamma were up to 8.389 x10(7) U/mg, 6.554 x10(5) U/mg and 4.096 x 10(4) U/mL respectively, which were analyzed in MDBK/VSV system. A sandwich ELISA was established using monoclonal antibodies 3E6 and 5G4, which can detect BoIFN-gamma in quantity and provide a useful method for the clinical practice and research of BolFN-gamma.
Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Baculoviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; COS Cells ; Cattle ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Interferon-gamma ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Transfection

Objective: To explore the effects of vascular risk factors on cognitive function among the elderly in community. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1 269 elderly people (aged 65 and over) who were randomly selected from three communities.Through face-to-face interview, cognitive function was assessed by mini-mental state examination(MMSE), and blood samples were collected for laboratory examination.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the vascular risk factors affecting cognitive function. Results: Age ((73.1±6.6), (71.3±4.9), t=4.603, P<0.05), education level (χ²=12.727, P<0.05), hypertension (χ²=9.106, P<0.05) and LDL-C (χ²=5.157, P<0.05) were significantly different in the elderly with or without mild cognitive impairment(MCI). After controlling age, gender and education, the logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension(β=0.378, P=0.006, OR(95%CI)=1.44(1.10-1.91)), systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg(β=0.350, P=0.011, OR(95%CI)=1.42(1.08-1.86), 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), and high LDL-C(β=0.355, P=0.014, OR(95%CI)=1.43(1.08-1.89)) were the risk factors of MCI in the elderly in the community.Hypertension alone or high LDL-C (β=0.365, P=0.029, OR(95%CI)=1.44(1.04-2.00)) alone was risk factor for mild cognitive impairment in the elderly in the community.The risk of mild cognitive impairment in the elderly with hypertension and high LDL-C was 2.00 times higher than that in the healthy elderly (β=0.696, P<0.05, OR(95%CI)=2.00(1.36-2.97)). Conclusion Mild cognitive impairment in the elderly is closely related to hypertension and elevated LDL-C levels.Multiple vascular risk factors can further increase the risk of cognitive impairment.

Flagellin can be expressed in monomeric or polymeric form based on assembly. The difference of these two forms of flagellin is less studied. In this experiment, recombinant plasmid pET-fliC/M2e2 was transferred into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and Salmonella SL5928 to express chimeric flagellin, mfliC/M and pfliC/M, respectively, and then their assembly characteristics were analyzed. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis results indicated that the two recombinant bacteria could successfully express chimeric flagellin. The transmission electronic microscope observation showed that no flagella were found on the surface of recombinant E. coli, whereas it was found for recombinant Salmonella. After purification, distinct circular dichroism spectra between them were found and pfliC/M showed the similar structure as wild-type flagellin, but not for mfliC/M. The dynamic light scattering assay also indicated that the polymerization of mfliC/M was much lower than that for pfliC/M. Three hours after transfection into mouse peritoneal macrophages, both could induce interleukin 1β secretion, but mfliC/M is stronger than pfliC/M. These data will be helpful for the selection of expression form of flagellin.