For the need of lymphovenous anastomosis in microsurgery, the following investigations were carried out: the anatomy of the superficial lymphatic system of the limbs (by direct injection method on 40 cadaverous specimens); mimic surgical incisions (on 2 specimens) and the criteria of searching and differentiating the small lymph channels from the small blood vessels and nerves (on 29 cases of limb operations).1. The limb superficial lymph vessels are arranged in two layers, those in the superficial layer are smaller in size but large in number than that in the deeper layer. The large collecting lymph vessels run alongside the chief superficial vein.2. The location, course, number and diameter of the superficial lymph vessels were studied.3. The morphological criteria of differentiating the small lymph vessels from the minute blood vessels and nerves under surgical microscope were suggested.4. The relationships between the distribution of the lymphatic valves and the site of surgical approach were discussed. The valves were found onlyat the distal portion of the "lymph-pearl" and the proximal part of the "pearl" will be the suitable site for surgical incision.

AIM: The current study was designed to construct eukaryotic expression vector containing NK4 gene and transfect it into human pancreatic cancer cell lines.METHODS: The recombinant of pcDNA3/hNK4 was digested by restriction enzyme, the NK4 gene was cloned into a high effective eukaryotic expressing plasmid which contains CMV2 immediate early gene promoter and then transiently introduced into the pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990 by lipofectamine and clonal cell lines that secrete high levels of NK4 protein were isolated.The expression of NK4 was observed by RT-PCR and Western blot, in vitro the vascular endothelial cell proliferation inhibiting activity of NK4 was examined by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazolzyl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT) method. RESULTS: A specific expression of NK4 gene mRNA by lipofectamine-mediated transfer exhibited only in SW1990/NK4 cells,Western blot analysis demonstrated that there was positive expression of NK4 protein(50 kD).The NK4 inhibited proliferation of the vascular endothelial cells in vitro. CONCLUSION: The recombinant of pRC/CMV2-hNK4 is a high effective expressing eukaryotic vector.The bio-engineering product of the NK4 is an angiogenesis inhibitor and may play an important role in the gene therapy for tumor.

Digital medical technology pioneered the three dimensional (3D) era of the surgery.The 3D reconstruction and visualization technology made a breakthrough of the bottleneck of clinical diagnosis and therapy of the biliary surgery,and are widely used for the treatment of biliary disease such as hepatolithiasis and hilar cholangiocarcinoma,and achieved digital anatomy,procedural diagnosis and visualized surgery,just as provide a 3D Ⅹ-ray vision to surgeons.With the development of the digital medical technology and the wide application of 3D laparoscopy and robotic system,biliary tract surgery access to a 3D era.

The upper limbs of 23 adult cadavers were dissected and the internal structures of the median nerve were studied for microsurgery of the nerve.Under operative micros- cope(24X),the median nerves of 20 cadavers treated with 10% acetic acid were dissec- ted.The median nerves of the remaining three were cross-sectioned,inch by inch,and stained with Sudan Ⅲ for microscopic observation.Microscopic ptotographs were taken to visualize the intra-neural topography of motor bundles or bundle groups. 1.The morphology,topographic relationships,size and number of bundles of the median nerves were observed under microscope and were recorded. 2.At the level of the arm and forearm,the nerve trunk and its internal bundles appear to twist to a certain degree in the way of external rotation from the distal to proximal. 3.The motor bundles of the thenar muscles emerge at the level about 40.1mm below the styloid process of radius.They enter the nerve trunk anteriorly on the radial side,and run upward at the Rower part of the forearm,and continue postero-laterally and appear as a admixture of sensory and motor nerves.At the mid-portion of the fore- arm,they are situated posteriorly,while at the level of antecubital fossa and above, they occupy the central position and finally most of the bundles join the medial head of the median nerve. 4.The motor bundles that supply the flexor muscles of the forearm are located anteriorly and posteriorly in separate portions after entering the nerve trunk.At the level of the arm,these two portions of median nerve are mixed bundles but motor nerve fibers predominate. 5.The fundamental method of funicular suture were discussed in relation to the intra-neural topography of the median nerve.

AIM: To investigate the expression of MAT1 protein in pancreatic cancers and the relationship between MAT1 and clinicopathological features of pancreatic cancers. METHODS: 94 surgical specimens, including 70 pancreatic cancers, 10 pancreatic benign tumors, 14 chronic pancreatitis and 10 autopsy normal pancreas tissues, were analyzed immunohistochemically, and then MAT1 expression and clinicopathological features were compared. RESULTS: MAT1 was expressed mainly in the cancer cells,and also in the fibroblasts, where it was localized within the cytoplasm and nuclear envelope. MAT1 expression was found in 75.7% (53/70) of the cancers, but not detected or weakly expressed in control tissues. There was a significant difference in expression of MAT1 among the above four tissues (P

Objective:To establish a Taqman fluorescence quantitative PCR for the detection of Salmonella in drugs. Methods:Based on Salmonella specific gene, a pair of primers and a probe were designed, and DNA of Salmonella was extracted for the detec-tion. Results:The method was much specific, and the detection limit was 160 cfu/ml. The detection rate was 100% for the artificially contaminated samples. Conclusion:Fluorescence quantitative PCR can be applied in the rapid detection of Salmonella in drugs.

Objective:To establish a method for the microbial limit test of Jingzhi Guanxin tablets. Methods: According to the methods in the 2010 edition and 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the test was performed respectively. Results:Jingzhi Guanxin tablets showed obvious inhibitory effect on Bacillus subtilis. The bacteria count could be carried out by the culture medium diluting methods in the 2010 edition. The total amount of aerobe could be detected by the membrane filtration method in the 2015 edition. The total combined molds and yeasts count could be performed by the plate count method and the specified microorganism could be tested with the routine method. Conclusion:The above methods can be used for the microbial limit test of Jingzhi Guanxin tablets.

Objective To find a new method for the establishment of allergic rhinitis(AR) models with kidney-yang deficiency.Methods Fourty-five Hartely guinea pigs were randomized into 4 groups: hydroxycarbamide+ ovalbumin(OV); predisone+ OV;hydroxycarbamide+OV+Shenqi decoction;normal control).The general behavior and the body weight of guinea pigs were observed before and after treatment.After 3 weeks,the reaction of guinea pigs to histamine nasal drops was observed and then all animals were sacrificed to examine the pathological changes of nasal septum mucosa.Result The new model induced by hydroxycarbamide and OV was proved to be set up successfully: the manifestations of kidneyyang deficiency in the new model were more representative than those induced by predisone and OV,and the time for modeling was shorter.Conclusion Using hydr oxycarbamide and OV to set up kedney-yang deficiency AR models is an new feasible method.The result of this study will provide evidence for the further research of kidney-yang deficiency AR.

In this paper,the mechanism,instrument design and clinical applications of interference electrotherapy in promoting bone healing are described.A new kind of electrotherapeutical instrument for bone injury is developed.With the variety of waveform and characterisics of easy operation,high intelligence and reliability,the instrument is improved obviously with the use of Single Chip Microcomputer.At the same time ,60cases with fracture were treated by interfere current stimulation in clinical research.It is achieved in accelerating bone healing,detumescence,comeback of tonicity.

The pattern and distribution of vimentin intermediate filament in synovial cell in vitro were observed by means of immunohistochemistry,confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) and three-di-mentional photograph reconstruction on adherent cell analysis and sorting (ACAS 570). The result showed that vimentin presented spongy stero-structure in whole cytoplasmic space. The reconstructed three-dimentional photograph was similar to the appearance of the cultured synovial cell. The relationship between the distribution of vimentin and the morphological change of cultured synovial cell in different growth period was discussed in this paper.