This article introduced practical experience of changing the traditional teaching of experiment lesson in laboratory into the on-the-spot teaching practice of Child and adolescent health.

Objective To evaluate the effect of modern comprehensive three-dimensional teaching method in clinical practice of respiratory medicine. Method The problem based teaching method PBL (problem-based learning), the standardized patient-based practice SPE/Xs (standardized patient experiences/exam) and Mini clinical examination practice Mini-CEX (Mini clinical examination exercise) method and other methods were organically combined and used in respiratory medicine clini-cal practice, and it was named“modern comprehensive three-dimensional teaching mode”. 60 students were randomly divided into the modern comprehensive three-dimensional teaching method group (30 students) and the traditional teaching method (SBL) (30 students), using the modern com-prehensive three-dimensional teaching method and the SBL breathing internal medicine practice teaching respec-tively. After the teaching, the methods of performance testing and questionnalre survey were used to evaluate the teaching effect of two groups of students. SPSS software was used to compare t test. Results The test results of modern three-dimensional integrated teaching method group was (86.91±4.77), higher than that of the control group (79.00±7.51) points (t=12.4, P=0.026 0). In the subjective questions (such as discourse analysis problem and case), modern three-dimensional integrated teaching group (47.63± 2.14) points is obvi-ously superior to the traditional group (36.00±6.71) points (t=21.6, P=0.001 9). According to the results of the survey, the modern comprehensive teaching method can improve students' subjective initiative and enthusiasm for learning, improve students' ability of comprehensive analysis, promote the formation of clinical thinking, and help students master the basic knowledge and basic skills of respiratory diseases. Conclusions In the respiratory medicine teaching, implementation of modern comprehensive three-dimensional teaching method is helpful to improving the teaching effect.

Fifty-five patients with brain lesions were treated with gamma knife combined with stereotaxic technique. There were 33 males and 22 females, and their age ranged from 12 to 72, averaged 41 years. The lesions were located in the sellar area in 21 patients, in the deep cerebrum in 10,in the basal ganglion in 9, in the cerebellum in 5, in the brain stem in 4. Intracranial multiple lesions were found in 6 patients. Twenty-four patients were treated with gamma knife combined with stereotaxic biopsy, 21 with gamma knife combined with stereotaxic aspiration for the cyst and 8 with gamma knife combined with stereotaxic biopsy and aspiration. In the other 2 cases, conservative therapy was used because their pathogenesis was parasite and abscess. Of the 47 biopsies, glioms were diagnosed pathologically in 15 cases, metastasis in 9, craniopharyngioma in 7, pituitary adenoma in 4, germinoma in 3, other tumor in 4, parasite in 1 and abscess in 1. The biopsy positive rate was 93.6%. Aspirated cytic fluid ranged from 1 to 30ml, and the symptoms improved dramatically after aspiration. There were no severe complications and deaths related to stereotaxic procedures. It suggested that gamma knife combined stereotaxic technique is a useful and safe procedure for neuropathological diagnosis and an appropriate management for certain brain lesions.

Objective To investigate the expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP 9) in bronchial biopy mucosal tissue and its relation to airway eosinophilic infiltration,lung function and airway hyperresponsiveness.Method 10 subjects with asthma were enrolled,meanwhile,10 healthy subjects and 6 subjects with COPD were as controls.At the same time,immunohistochemistry was employed.Results Immunohistochemistry for MMP 9 was positive in all asthmaticus,and just as such in 2/6 subjects with COPD.On the contrary,immunohistochemistry for MMP 9 was negative in all healthy subjects.The amount of MMP 9 expression was positively correlated with the number of eosinophil infiltrated to airway (r=0 62,P

Objective To study the CT features and enhance the knowledge of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO). Methods The CT appearances in 6 patients with pathologically proved TO were analyzed retrospectively. Results CT of the chest revealed scattered and multiple mural nodules protruding into the tracheobronchial lumen. Punctate calcification occurred within these nodules. The nodular lesions usually involved the anterior and lateral walls of the trachea and major bronchi. These nodules generally ranged from 2 to 4 mm in diameter. The nodular lesions were seen on lobar bronchi in two cases. Diffuse irregular mural thickening of the trachea and deformed tracheal cartilage rings were observed in two cases. Conclusion CT demonstration of multiple mural nodules with calcification in the tracheobronchial tree is a characteristic finding for TO.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of endobronchial ultrasound - transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in the evaluation of staging of lung cancer.Methods Between July 2008 to March 2010,the first 128 patients selected by CT or PET/CT scanning with lung cancer in whom metastatic carcinoma in the hilar and/or mediastinal lymph nodes underwent EBUS-TBNA and were clinically followed up.There were 102 males and 26 femals with the age of 37 - 85 years,average 60.1 years.Review the performance in check and the result of biopsy.Results From 128 patients of mean age 60.1 years ( range 37 - 85 ),189 lymph nodes were punctured.The mean diameter of the nodes was 12.3 mm and the range was 6-16 mm.There were no procedural complications.Accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity for EBUS-TBNA were 98.53％,98.50％,and 100％,respectively.Conclusion EBUS-TBNA allows real-time visualization of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes,allowing sampling safely and efficiently.It has great potential for diagnosis of staging of lung cancer.

Objective:To study the clinical feasibility of transplanting human neural stem cells in treatment of cerebellar atrophy (CA).Methods:The cells from human fetal cerebellum(8-10 weeks gestation) were expanded in vitro and were allowed to differentiate into neurospheres,the latter were then implanted into CA dentate nuclei with stereotactic operation in 21 CA patients(8 male and 13 female with age ranging 19-71,mean 46) from Feb. 2000 to Aug. 2003. Results:The cells of fetal cerebellum were expanded by 10 7 folds in undifferentiated state. The effective rates were 61.9% 3 months after transplantation,85.7% 6 months after transplantation, and 90.4% during a follow-up of 12-28 months (mean 18 months).Conclusion:It is feasible and effective to implant the neural stem cells expanded in vitro for treatment of CA,but the long-term effectiveness should be futher observed.

Objective To investigate the different effect of negative emotion induced by background music on verbal and spatial working memory. Methods Fifteen participants were exposed in relaxing or horrible background music and did the working memory task. After each emotional condition, the 9-point Self Assessment Manikin scale was registered. n-back paradigm was employed as WM task and the WM task contained two different types, the verbal WM and spatial WM. In the same time,The ERPs during each emotional condition was recorded,and the anterior LPC and posterior P300 were analyzed. Results The valence,arousal and dominance were 5.40±0.91,3.93 ±0.79 and 5.33 ± 1.29 in relaxing condition,while the same dimensionalities in negative condition were 2.00 ± 0.75,6.47 ± 0.99 and 2.33 ± 0.89. The self reported data showed that horrible background music induced the negative emotional state, which were observed from the decrease of valence (t(14)= 15. 902, P ＜0.01) and dominance (t(14) =6.708, P＜0.01) while the increase of arousal (t (14)=9.906, P＜0.01). The ERP data showed,there was a main effect in emotion with anterior LPC (F (1.14)= 7.37, P ＜ 0.01) and in both verbal and spatial WM,the amplitude of LPC were reduced in negative emotional condition. However, there was an interaction of emotion and type on amplitude of P300 (F (1.14)= 11.25, P ＜ 0.01), selective influence of negative emotion in spatial WM were seen (F (1.14)= 12.43, P＜0.01). Conclusion The WM was influenced by negative emotion induced by negative background music ,and the spatial WM was more vulnerable to negative emotion.

Objective To understand the schistosomiasis prevention knowledge of middle school students from areas with dif-ferent endemic levels in Hubei Province. Methods The schistosomiasis endemic regions were divided into transmission con-trolled areas and endemic controlled areas in Hubei Province,middle school students from different types of areas were selected through stratified randomized cluster sampling and were investigated by questionnaire. Results A total of 3 204 students were se-lected and investigated. The awareness rate of schistosomiasis prevention and control knowledge among the students ranged from 65.1%-90.3%. Overall,the students from endemic controlled areas had higher knowledge rates of all the items than those from transmission controlled areas(all P<0.05). The middle school students acquired schistosomiasis prevention knowledge mainly from the teachers,parents,doctors and schistosomiasis staff. Conclusion Health education to students should adopt different ways targeting at different endemic levels in the future.

Objective To describe the imaging findings of pancreatic and extra-pancreatic lesions of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP),to improve the imaging diagnostic accuracy of AIP.Methods From 2011 to June 2014,38 AIP patients according to 2010 international consensus diagnostic criteria for AIP were included.Thirty-six patients underwent contrast enhanced CT scan,17 patients underwent contrast enhanced MRI,15 underwent MRCP,and the imaging data were retrospectively reviewed.Results In the 38 patients,the pancreas showed diffuse enlargement in 23,focal enlargement in 9,mixed enlargement in 6.All the patients demonstrated as progressive enhancement and gradually delayed enhancement.Fourteen cases showed diffusely irregular narrowing of the main pancreatic duct.Pseudo-capsule like structure was presented around the lesions in 24 cases.Extra pancreatic lesions included biliary duct involvement in 24 cases,renal lesions in 4 cases,peri-pancreas vessels involvement in 20 cases,8 cases with enlargement of lymph nodes.Conclusions AIP presents with characteristic imaging features in pancreas and extra pancreatic organs.Imaging tests are helpful in the early diagnosis of AIP.