Objective To observe the expression of EGFR,TGF-?,AQP-2 and Bax during development of renal tubules in chick embryo,and explore the role and regulating significance of them. Methods The expression of EGFR,TGF-?,AQP-2 and Bax were observed by immunohistochemistry combined with stereological methods in 36 chicks kidney at 10th-46th incubation stages.The expression intensity of them was analyzed by IPP software. Results The epithelial cells of proximal tubules in chick embryo appeared EGFR immunoreactivity at 26th-46th stages;At 26th-37th stages the epithelial cells of proximal tubules and distal tubules of mesonephros appeared TGF-? immunoreactivity,the epithelial cells of proximal tubules and distal tubules of metanephros appeared TGF-? immunoreactivity at 33rd-40th stages,at 40th-46th stages the epithelial cells of proximal tubules of metanephros appeared TGF-? immunoreactivity but the epithelial cells of distal tubules did not appeare TGF-? immunoreactivity;The epithelial cells of collecting tubules in chick embryo appeared AQP-2 immunoreactivity at 26th-46th stages;The epithelial cells of proximal tubules and distal tubules of mesonephros appeared Bax immunoreactivity at 26th-37th stages,the epithelial cells of proximal tubules of metanephros appeared Bax immunoreactivity at 33rd-46th stages.Images showed the expressions of EGFR,TGF-?(?_1,?_2,?_3)and Bax first displayed up then down,but expression of AQP-2 always displayed up during development of chick embryo.Conclusion Mesonephros of chick embryo has the function of excreting.Degeneration of renal tubules of mesonephros might be related with the excessive expression of TGF-? and Bax.Development,differentiation and maturation of renal tubules and collecting tubules of metanephros might be due to the synergetic expression of EGFR,TGF-?,AQP-2 and Bax.AQP-2 relats to the balance of water during development and maturation of renal tubules in chick embryo.

Objective To analyze the tissue development rule of the Bufo raddei Strauch lung,to observe the expression of transforming growth factor-?(?_1,?_2,?_3)in developing lung,and to discuss their functions and relationships. Methods The tissue development of the(218) Bufo raddei Strauch lungs was studied by biological microscope technology,and the expression of TGF-? was measured in lung development by immunohistochemistry and images were analyzed by IPP,providing a basis for study of the zoology and developmental biology. Results(1) Lung bud occured in larval 22nd stage from pharynx caudal part.In 26th stage the minutenss locule began to appear.The lung bud gave rise to obvious lung cavity in 31st stage.In 33rd stage originality alveolus began to appear.In 36th stage obvious septum and alveolus appeared.There were many capillary vessel in the wall of lung.In 39th stage the lung of tadpole was like as one of young toad.The respiratory epithelium differentiated from columnar into squamous.The entire developmental process was divided into four phases,lung bud Ⅰphase,lung bud II phase,originality alveolus phase and alveolus phase.(2)In the early developmental phase,TGF-? expressed in the lung wall.In the late developmental phase,TGF-? expressed in mesenchymal at high levels.Conclusion The expression of TGF-? displayed intermittent changes during the period of development.The functions of TGF-? might be respectively different in different development stages.They not only stimulate the process of epithelium of the reticular septa,but also modulate epithelium of alveolar sac and differention.

After the advantages of PACS system in medical imaging examination were described, its rational appli-cation in medical imaging examination was elaborated .

In order to evaluate the clinical significance of the acid-base disturbance complicating hepatic encephalopathy, arterial blood gas and electrolyte levels were determined in 33 patients with encephalopathy due to various hepatic disorders. It was found the respiratory alkalosis occurred in 31 cases(93.9%) and respiratory acidosis complicated with metabolic acidosis in 2 cases (6.06%). In the 31 cases of respiratory alkalosis, there were 4 cases(12.12%) of simple respiratory alkalosis, 18 cases(54.55%) complicated with metabolic alkalosis, 3 cases(9.09%) complicated with metabolic acidosis, and 6 cases complicated with both metabolic alkalosis and acidosis. In addition, the arterial blood pH of 29 cases (87.87%) was above the normal value of 7.45. The main type of acid-base disturbance found in hepatic encephalopathy was alkalosis. Its occurrence was closely related to hypoxemia, hyperammonemia, and elevated blood level of progesterone in the case of respiratory alkalosis and to salt-limited diet and improper administration of diuretics and alkalite drugs in the case of metabolic alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis was usually the result of severe complitions. In alkalosis, there was frequently an elevation of blood free ammonia, which could penetrate the blood-brain barrier easily and induce coma and encephalopathy. Therefore energetic correction of alkalosis would be valuable to prevent hepatic encephalopathy. Effective treatment of the primary disease, correction of hyperventilation.correction of disturbances of blood electrolytes, and administration of arginine hydrochloride and potasium chloride would be appropriate measures in dealing with alkalosis.

The sera of 40 normal controls,61 cases of various malignant diseases except pancreatic cancer,53 cases of various henign diseases,and 33 cases of pancreatic cancer were examined with ELISA to determine the serum level of pancreatic cancer-associated antigen(PCAAc).Its normal value was 12.59?6.34 mg/L(x?s),and the value was 57.25?82.93 mg/L in the pancreatic cancer group,which was significantly higher than the normal value and that of the other malignant disease group(P

Objective To investigate the differential diagnostic values of CT bronchial sign for peripheral solitary pulmonary lesions(SPLs).Methods One hundred and eleven patients with peripheral SPLs were scanned using multi-slice helical CT(MSCT),and multiplanar reconstruction was performed to show the relationship between the lesion and bronchus,the diffefences between the benign and malignancy were compared by using chi-square test.Results Bronchial cutoff rate in malignant lesions(47/95,49.5%)was markedly hi er than that in benign lesions(10/42,23.8%.X12=7.896,P＜0.05),the frequency of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ air bronchogram presented in malignant lesions(10/11.8/9)was higher than benign lesions(1/11,1/9.X2=6.975,4.818,P＜0.05),but type Ⅳ in benign lesions(12/17)was more common than that in malignant lesions(5/17.X2=7.390,P＜0.05).No significant difference was found in bronchus ran at the periphery of the lesion and bronchus dragged by the lesion between benign(9/24.1/4)and malignant lesions(15/24,3/4.X2=0.641,0.062,P＞0.05).The focal bronchial wall thickening in malignancy(21/22)was markedly higher than benign lesions(1/22.X2=4.185.P＜0.05),whereas the extensive thickening in benign lesiom(4/7)was more common(3/7.X2=8.650,P＜0.05).Conclusion CT bronchial sign is very important in the differentiation of benign and malignant pulmonary lesions.

Mild cognitive impairment is a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia. It is important in terms of recognizing memory loss in older people as well as identifying a group of individuals at high risk of developing dementia and who may benefit from preventive strategies. Ginkgo biloba extract has been shown to possess polyvalent properties, such as anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation. Ginkgo biloba extract appears to have a neuroprotective effect against neurodegenerative diseases.

Objective The purpose of this study was to present the characteristic features on MSCT angiography of arterial sequestration.Methods The MSCT images of 5 patients with arterial sequestration were retrospectively reviewed All patients underwent MSCT contrast-enhanced angiography.3D rendering was made to evaluate the lung parenchyma,bronchial system,and vascular anatomy.Results All S cases demonstrated the anomalous systemic artery(ASA)as an isolated and tortuous artery arising from the descending thoracic aorta,taking a sigmoid course and running along with airway,entering the basal segments of the left lower lobe.The inferior pulmonary vein(IPV)was significantly engorged.The typical AS was diagnosed in 4 patients.Its ASA intercrossed with the IPV and two branches entering segments 7 and 8 over the IPV,and two branches entering segments 9 and 10 under the IPV.The volume of involved lung shrunk with the artery markedly engorged.A characteristic avascular section was found between the pulmonary artery supplying area and the ASA supplying area,and the bronchi did not accompany the arteries.One was diagnosed atypical AS because of coexistence with bronchial atresia.Conclusion The arterial sequestration had characteristic MSCT findings.The typical type can be definitely diagnosed,but the atypical type needs further three-dimensional analysis.

Objective To investigate the reaction of the limbs treated with different concentration of Trichostatin A(75?mol/L,750 ?mol/L,1.5mmol/L),a histone deacetylase(HDAC)-inhibitor.This may be useful to improve our understanding of the role of chromatin remodelling and epigenetic control of gene expression patterns and ultimately the development of drugs against cancer. Methods Using the chicken embryonic limb as an experimental model.The embryos received grafts of TSA soaked beads or PBS control beads into the right forelimb buds.Then they were submitted to in situ hybridization with probes and apoptosis test.Results TSA could modulate the expression of some myogenesis related genes,MyoD and Myf5 during chicken myogenesis.Using apoptosis staining methods,there was no significant apoptosis in the TSA(75?mol/L) treated embryos.However the induction of morphological changes and apoptosis at specific stage was possible with high concentration of TSA.Conclusion TSA(75?mol/L) regulates certain important transcriptional targets and strongly control muscle differentiation.Increasing the concentration of TSA(≥750?mol/L) can induce apoptosis and embryonic limb malformations.Chicken limb development can serve as a convenient in vivo model for studying the effect of HDAC inhibitors.

Objective To explore effects of ephedrine on epinephrine (EPI) and estradiol( E2)concentration in blood, histological structures and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and maleic dialdehyde (MDA) content in the ovary of female mice.Methods Pregnant female mice in the experimental group were treated with ephedrine (2g/L,4g/L, 6g/L), and the mice in the control group were treated with saline by intraperitoneal injection .Using ELISA method to detect concentration changes of EPI and E 2 in plasma, the changes in the enzymatic activity of SOD and MDA content were analyzed by colorimetry .The ovarian weight was measured , histological structures in ovary were observed by microscopy and the number of ovarian follicles were counted .Results EPI concentration in plasma of female mice increased , and the E2 concentration decreased dose-dependently in the experimental group .The activities of SOD were lower , and MDA content significantly increased compared to the control .The ovary weight of experimental groups was lower than the control group.The numbers of primary follicle , secondary follicle and atretic follicle increased and corpus luteum decreased in the experimental groups .There were pyknotic ovarian tissues , including oocyte ateophy , degradation granulose cells , and karyopyknotic granulose lutein cells in the experimental groups .Conclusion Ephedrine has a great effect on the ovarian histological structure and ovarian function of female mice , which may be correlated with the low activities of SOD .