Objective To analyze the technology competition situation in vaccine industry of Jilin Province from the visual angle of patents. Methods The Dawei Patents Database-covered patents data of vaccine industry in Jilin Province were analyzed by patent mapping, patent metrical analysis and social network analysis respectively. Re-sults The vaccine industry in Jilin Province was in a growing stage with a good development situation and a solid strength in its research institutions. Conclusion Stress should be laid on city development-driven production, pro-duction-driven city development, and optimizing industry policies for the development of vaccine industry in Jilin Province. Scientific research institutions should strengthen their collaboration in professionals, technologies, funds and markets in order to make breakthroughs in technologies and realize the economic value of patents.

Objective:To compare the fracture resistance of roots of mandibular premolar with different apical preparation diameters.Methods:Sixty single-rooted single canal permanent mandibular premolar teeth extracted newly for orthodontic reason without immatureness,fracture or cracks were selected,with a curvature less than 10°,and internal length:short diameter of less than 2 at a level 5 mm from the apex.All the teeth were decoronated,leaving roots 13 mm in length.The initial apical file size for the teeth was ≤ 15#.The roots were assigned to 6 groups based on weights with random block design.Group A:blank control group,no instrumentation was performed.Groups B-F:the master apical file (MAF) was 40#,45#,50#,55# and 60#,respectively.In the five experimental groups the roots were instrumented using hand files with step-back technique at 1 mm increments,resulting in a taper of 0.05.The irrigant used was distilled water.After mounted in acrylic resin,all the teeth were subject to vertical loading using an Instron testing machine until fractured.The occurrence of fractures was detected when the applied load suddenly decreased.The fracture load values and fracture modes were recorded.Oneway ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey test were used to determine the difference of fracture load values between the groups (P ＜ 0.05).Chi-square tests were used to compare the modes of root fracture.Results:Five experimental groups exhibited lower fracture load values than that of control group [(1 444 ± 155) N].The mean fracture load values for roots instrumented to an apical diameter of 50# [(1 027 ± 128) N],55# [(994 ± 150) N] and 60# [(983 ± 166) N] were significantly lower than that of control group and 40# group [(1 339 ± 131) N] and 45# [(1 287 ± 144) N] (P ＜0.05).Buccal-lingual fracture,mesio-distal fracture and compound fracture occurred 55％,13％ and 32％,respectively.No difference of fracture mode was detected in the six groups.Conclusion:The fracture resistance reduced significantly when the roots were instrumented to an apical diameter of 50# or larger.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss what service marketing strategies the pharmaceutical enterprises in China should choose in the face of more and more fierce competition in pharmaceutical markets.METHODS:The service characteristics of both prescription drugs and over-the-counter(OTC)drugs were analyzed and new conceptions in pharmaceutical marketing such as the development and application of the service marketing were introduced as well.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Di?versity,standardization,materialization are the right way the pharmaceutical enterprises should follow in the prescription drugs services;however,standardization,mechanics,brands are necessary for the OTC drugs services.

Important papers representing the advances in AIDS vaccine research were retrieved from Web of Sci-ence using HistCite.The citation chronological chart was plotted by analyzing the relation between their citation fre-quency and cited frequency , and analyzing their citation sequences , which shows the development rules and histori-cal development path in AIDS vaccine research , and provides a certain reference value for the researchers in related fields at home and abroad.

A knowledge amount assessment index system was constructed by quantifying the knowledge-sharing will-ingness of staff in enterprises through case analysis according to the network centrality index. The effect of different staff on knowledge-sharing in enterprises was analyzed by calculating the index weight using the yaahp6 . 0 software and analyzing the correlation between its two factors.

Objective To investigate the effects and the migration mechanisms of stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR-4) in rats with white matter damage treated with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs).Methods A total of 108 three-day old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the experimental group,control group and sham group.The left common carotid artery was ligated and then exposed to hypoxia of 6％ O2 and 94％ N2 in rats in the experimental and control groups.Rats in sham group were neither ligation nor hypoxia.After 24 hours,rats in the experimental group were administered 0.5 ml hUC-MSCs (1 × 106/ml) intraperitoneally,and rats in control and sham groups were administered 0.5 ml saline by the same way.Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to determine the expression of SDF-1 and CXCR-4 protein and mRNA in 5-,7-and 14-day-old rats.Analysis of variance and the LSD test were used for statistical analysis of the data.Results HE staining showed that,in 14 day-old rats of the experimental group,bilateral cerebral ventricles were similar with no cellular edema or necrocytosis.In the sham group,bilateral cerebral ventricles were also normal.However,in the control group,ventriculomegaly,cellular degeneration and necrocytosis were observed on the left side.On the 5th,7th and 14th day,SDF-1 protein levels were 0.15±0.06,0.24±0.01 and 0.12±0.01,and CXCR-4 protein levels were 0.35±0.16,0.60±0.21 and 0.72±0.25,respectively,in the experimental group; SDF-1 protein levels were 0.13 ± 0.01,0.16± 0.01 and 0.08± 0.01,and CXCR-4 protein levels were 0.18 ± 0.04,0.17 ± 0.09 and 0.25 ± 0.06,respectively,in the control group,and all were higher than those in the sham group (SDF-1 protein levels were 0.03 ± 0.01,0.04± 0.01 and 0.02±0.01; and CXCR-4 protein levels were 0.04±0.02,0.05±0.03 and 0.05±0.03,respectively) (LSD test,all P＜0.05).SDF-1 protein increased to a peak on the 7th day and decreased on the 14th day in the experimental group,however,these values were both higher than those in the control group (LSD test,both P＜0.05).CXCR-4 protein increased on the 5th day and continued to increase up to the 14th day in the experimental group,and these values were higher than those in the control group at the three time points (LSD test,all P＜0.05).In 5-,7-and 14-day-old rats,SDF-1 mRNA levels were 3.52 ± 0.33,4.18± 0.28 and 2.60± 0.21,respectively,in the experimental group,which were higher than those in the control group (2.07± 0.34,3.73 ± 0.28 and 2.08± 0.15,respectively),and were even higher than those in the sham group (0.99±0.17,1.00±0.16 and 1.31 ±0.32,respectively) (LSD test,all P＜0.05).In the experimental group,SDF-1 mRNA levels reached a peak on the 7th day,and on the 14th day,it decreased to the level lower than that on the 5th day (LSD test,all P＜0.05).In the control group,SDF-1 mRNA levels also reached a peak in 7-day-old rats,but not in 14-day-old rats,which was similar to 5-day old rats (LSD test,9＞0.05).In 5-,7 and 14-day-old rats of the experimental group,CXCR-4 mRNA levels were 1.32±0.29,1.75±0.36 and 2.33±0.49,respectively,higher than those in the sham group (1.00±0.16,0.94±0.16 and 0.81±0.14,respectively) and the control group (0.97±0.14,0.97±0.15 and 1.07±0.25,respectively) (LSD test,all P＜0.05).In the experimental group,CXCR-4 mRNA levels were higher in 14-day-old rats than that in 5-and 7-day-old rats (LSD test,both P＜0.05).Conclusions SDF-1/CXCR-4 may play a vital role in the migration of hUC-MSCs homing to damaged brain.

T A R D N A-binding dom ain protein 43 (T D P-43) is a highly conserved and w idely expressed nuclear protein. N ow adays, the expression of T D P-43 can be found in m ost neurodegenerative diseases such as A lzheim er's disease, w hich m akes it becom e a neurodegenerative disease associated m arker pro-tein. From the current research status at hom eland and abroad, and around the relationship betw een the expression of T D P-43 and brain injury, this article em phatically probes into the specific expression and function of T D P-43 in acute and chronic brain injury based on the know ledge of its biological charac-teristics, w hich aim s to explore the feasibility for determ ining the cause of death and the injury and dis-ability situations by T D P-43 in forensic pathology.

To investigate the feasibility of construction of engineered skin substitutes with adipose tissue derived stem cells ( ADSCs)from GFP-mouse and fibrin glue. Methods: Adipose tissues were isolated from GFP-C57BL mouse groin, the fat was cut into pieces and incubated in a collagenase solution to establish ADSCs culture. The differentiation ability into adipocytes and osteoblasts of the ADSCs were investigated. The amplified cells in vitro were seeded in fibrin glue to form tissue engineered skin substitutes. Fifteen C57BL mice were randomly divided into three groups; experimental group was treated with ADSCs-fibrin glue tissue engineered active skin substitutes. Single fibrin glue and blank were served as two control groups. The materials were grafted onto total skin defects on the back of mice. The effect of wound repair was observed histologically. Results; The cultured ADSCs grew well in vitro. The cells showed characteristics of multipotent adult stem cells. ADSCs-fibrin glue shortened the wound healing time. Histological observation showed that thicker epithelium was formed and collagen fibers arranged in order in the ADSCs-fibrin glue experimental group,the number of fibroblasts was significantly increased as compared with those in single fibrin glue group or in the blank control group. Conclusion : GFP- ADSCs combined with fibrin glue can accelerate the mouse skin wound healing. It suggests that ADSCs with fibrin glue maybe an optional method of engineered skin reconstruction for wound repair.

In the development of radio frequency (RF) coils for better quality of the mini-type permanent magnetic resonance imager for using in the small animal imaging, the solenoid RF coil has a special advantage for permanent magnetic system based on analyses of various types.of RF coils. However, it is not satisfied for imaging if the RF coils are directly used. By theoretical analyses of the magnetic field properties produced from the solenoid coil, the research direction was determined by careful studies to raise further the uniformity of the magnetic field coil, receiving coil sensitivity for signals and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The method had certain advantages and avoided some shortcomings of the other different coil types, such as, birdcage coil, saddle shaped coil and phased array coil by using the alloy materials (from our own patent). The RF coils were designed, developed and made for keeled applicable to permanent magnet-type magnetic resonance imager, multi-coil combination-type, single-channel overall RF receiving coil, and applied for a patent. Mounted on three instruments (25 mm aperture, with main magnetic field strength of 0.5 T or 1.5 T, and 50 mm aperture, with main magnetic field strength of 0.48 T), we performed experiments with mice, rats, and nude mice bearing tumors. The experimental results indicated that the RF receiving coil was fully applicable to the permanent magnet-type imaging system.
Animals ; Magnetic Fields ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; instrumentation ; Magnets ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Radio Waves ; Rats

AIM:To compare the cloning efficacy of full-length HBV genome amplified by single fragment PCR and two fragment PCR for choosing the suitable method for full-length HBV genome cloning.METHODS:To amplify the full-length HBV genome from 85 sera sample of HBV patients,single fragment PCR and two fragment PCR were conducted.The products were cloned into the vector and sequenced after identified with double enzyme digestion.At the same time,the titers of 85 samples were detected by real-time PCR.RESULTS:Compared with two fragment PCR,single fragment PCR requested higher level of sera HBV DNA for successful amplification of full-length HBV genome,and the efficacy of single fragment PCR was lower than that of two fragments PCR(P