Objective To investigate the effects of Kangpa bolus on behaviors, dopamine and its metabolites of striatum in animals with Parkinson' s disease (PD). Methods The mice models of muscle tremor and rigor were established to observe the antagonism of Kangpa bolus. Step-down and step-through tests were used to evaluate the effects of Kangpa bolus on learning and memory function in mice. The rat model of PD was established to observe the effects of Kangpa bolus on rotation behaviors. The contents of DA and homovanillic acid( HVA) in the injured side of striatum were detected by ELISA. Results Compared with model group(723. 1 ±79.3) s,the duration of tremor in mice shortened significantly (P < 0. 01) in Kangpa bolus high dose and middle dose group ((548.0±27.0)s,(590.9 ±28.7)s). Compared with model group(3194.5 ±251.7)s,the duration of rigor in mice shortened significantly(P<0.01) in Kangpa bolus all dose group((2300.1 ±352.5)s,(2478.2 ±276.6)s, (2559.3 ±207.6) s). In step-down test, compared with model group (3. 10 ±0.74), the number of errors decreased significantly(P<0.01) in Kangpa bolus high dose and middle dose group (1.60 ±0. 97,1. 80 ±0.63). In step-through test, compared with model group( 2.30 ± 0. 68), the number of errors decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in Kangpa bolus high dose and middle dose group(0.80 ±0.79,1.10 ±0.74). Compared with model group (340.6 ±18.8) , the number of rotations of PD rats in thirty minutes reduced significantly (P< 0.01) in Kangpa bolus high dose and middle dose group(286.5 ± 12.1,296.6 ± 12.7) after three weeks treatment. Compared with model group(9.43 ±1.79,0. 87 ±0.12) nmol/L,the contents of DA and HVA in the injured side of striatum increased significantly(P<0. 01 ) in Kangpa bolus high dose( 18. 9 ±4. 01,1. 50 ± 1. 39) nmol/L and middle dose group (17.3±3.01,1.39±0.53)nmol/L Conclusion Kangpa bolus has some therapeutic effects on the animals of PD.

BACKGROUND:A large number of studies have reported that endoscopic radiofrequency ablation surgeries were better than traditional open surgeries for gluteal muscle contracture, but there is no meta-analysis on the clinical outcomes of endoscopic surgeries versus traditional open surgeries.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of endoscopic radiofrequency ablation surgeries versus traditional open surgeries in the treatment of gluteal muscle contracture.
METHODS:Eligible studies were identified from electronic databases including EMbase, Medline, PubMed, OVID, Cochrane Library, Springerlink, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP between January 1970 and May 2014. The literatures about the clinical efficacy of endoscopic radiofrequency ablation surgeries versus traditional open surgeries in the treatment of gluteal muscle contracture were retrieved. We screened the retrieved literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and performed a Meta analysis with the software RevMan 5.2 after identification of the relevant data.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 830 patients from 14 studies were included for the analysis, including 394 patients who underwent endoscopic surgeries and 436 patients who underwent traditional open surgeries. Among the main outcomes measured, the incidence of postoperative pain (relative risk=0.33, 95%confidence interval (CI):0.27-0.42, P<0.001) and postoperative complications (odds ratio=0.40, 95%CI:0.23-0.70, P=0.001) in the endoscopic surgery group were significantly lower than that in the traditional open surgery group. The curative effects showed no significant difference between the two groups (odds ratio=1.09, 95%CI:0.52-2.26, P=0.82). Among the secondary outcomes measured, the incision length, postoperative off-bed activity time and postoperative hospitalization in the endoscopic surgery group were significantly better than that in the traditional open surgery group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the surgery duration and recurrence rate (P>0.05) between the two groups. Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation surgeries are similar to traditional open surgeries in the curative effects, recurrence rate and surgery duration, and are better than traditional open surgeries in the incisional length, postoperative pain, postoperative off-bed activity time, postoperative hospitalization and postoperative complication.

Objective To determine the optimal pressure for facemask ventilation during induction of general anesthesia by real-time ultrasonographic measurement of antral cross-sectional area (CSA) in adult patients.Methods Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 18-60 yr,with body mass index of 20-25 kg/m2,scheduled for elective operation under general anesthesia,were divided into 5 groups (n=12 each) using a random number table:P10 group,P13 group,P16 group,P19 group and P22 group.After induction of anesthesia,an oropharyngeal airway was inserted,and the patients were ventilated for a 2-min period in a pressure-controlled mode using the two-handed mask ventilation technique.The pressure for facemask ventilation was 10,13,16,19 and 22 cmH2O in P10,P13,P16,P19 and P22 groups,respectively.The antral CSA was measured using real-time ultrasonography before and after facemask ventilation.Respiratory parameters were recorded.Results Compared with group P1O,the number of patients in whom CSA＜340 mm2 after facemask ventilation was significantly decreased in P16,P19 and P22 groups,and the number of patients in whom the tidal volume ≥ 6 ml/kg was increased in P13,P16,P19 and P22 groups (P＜ 0.01).The number of patients in whom optimnal pressure for facemask ventilation was achieved was 2,10,6,4 and 1 in P10,P13,P16,P19 and P22 groups,respectively,with the most cases in group P13 (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The optimal pressure is 13 emH2O for facemask ventilation during induction of general anesthesia when determined by realtime ultrasonographic measurement of antral CSA,and it can ensure adequate oxygen supply and reduce gastric insufflation in adult patients.

Dengue viruses(DENV) are seriously affected by cell autophagy in intracellular replication,transmission between host,and the pathogenic mechanism.Here,the latest research progress of complex interplay between DENV and cell autophagy were reviewed in this paper.Autophagy,a cellular procedural protein degradation pathway generally possessed by all eukaryotes plays a key role in response to outside pressure and maintaining cellular homeostasis.This catabolic pathway also promotes cell survival against the invasion of pathogens such as various viruses.However,autophagy plays an opposite role in the replication of DENV.Autophagy not only provides a replication site for viruses to replicate,but also provides a source of energy for this process.Cell autophagy also participates in the pathogenesis of some DENV infection.In short,autophagy contributes to the replication of DENV.

Objective: To explore the spatial-temporal distribution and epidemic characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Hebei province from 2005 to 2016. Methods: Records of HFRS cases reported from each county in Hebei during January 2005 to December 2016 were collected from National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS). Global and local spatial association statistics were used to measure the spatial autocorrelation and software GeoDa 1.2.0. Software SaTScan 9.4.1 was used to analyze spatiotemporal clusters. Software ArcGIS 10.2 was used to visualize the yearly scan results. Results: In Hebei province, a total of 8 437 human HFRS cases reported from 170 counties with an annual incidence rate of 0.99/100 000 population during 2005-2016. The peak incidence season was spring. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis on the incidence of HFRS at county-level showed that the value of Moran’s I were all above 0 (P<0.05), indicating that the significant spatial cluster. The result of local indicators on spatial association (LISA) analysis revealed that identified hot spots were mainly in northeastern area, while cold spots were found in some counties of central and southern areas. Spatial-temporal scan detected that the primary cluster of HFRS incidence was mainly distributed in Qinhuangdao city and Tangshan city, including 11 counties (city/district): Beidaihe district, Haigang district, Funing district, Shanhaiguan district, Changli county, Lulong county and Qinglong Manchu autonomous county in Qinhuangdao city, and Qian’an city, Laoting county, Luanzhou city and Luannan county in Tangshan city (RR=39.64, P<0.001), during January-July in 2005. Conclusions There were significant spatial-temporal cluster of HFRS in Hebei from 2005 to 2016. The cluster areas of HFRS were mainly in northeastern Hebei, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control programs of HFRS in these areas.

BACKGROUND: Patients with N2 stage non-small cell lung cancer have prognostic heterogeneity, and this study attempted to explore the prognostic factors among those patients. METHODS: Patients with N2 stage undergoing radical resection in Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China hospital, Sichuan University between January 2007 and December 2016 were included. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to explore the prognostic value of clinicopathological features. Survival curves were plotted by Kaplan-Meier method. Subgroup analyses considering the situation of lymph node involvement were performed. RESULTS: In total, 773 patients were included. The median follow-up time was 57.2 months, and the 5-year overall survival rate was 34.8%. Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, number of involved lymph node stations, skip metastasis, lymphatic or vascular invasion and adjuvant chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors. The patients with stage T1-3 had similar prognosis, while the patients with stage T4 had worse survival. In addition, the patients with single station involvement and skip metastasis had the best prognosis with a 5-years overall survival rate of 48.9%. CONCLUSIONS T4 stage patients had worse survival in N2 group. To get a more precisely stratification, skip metastasis and number of involved lymph node stations should be considered in future N stage classification.

Wild castor grows in the high-altitude tropical desert of the African Plateau,a region known for high ultraviolet radiation,strong light,and extremely dry condition.To investigate the potential genetic basis of adaptation to both highland and tropical deserts,we generated a chromosome-level genome sequence assembly of the wild castor accession WT05,with a genome size of 316 Mb,a scaffold N50 of 31.93 Mb,and a contig N50 of 8.96 Mb,respectively.Compared with cultivated castor and other Euphorbiaceae species,the wild castor exhibits positive selection and gene family expansion for genes involved in DNA repair,photosynthesis,and abiotic stress responses.Genetic variations associated with positive selection were identified in several key genes,such as LIG1,DDB2,and RECGI,involved in nucleotide excision repair.Moreover,a study of genomic diversity among wild and cultivated accessions revealed genomic regions containing selection signatures associated with the adaptation to extreme environments.The identification of the genes and alleles with selection signatures provides insights into the genetic mechanisms under-lying the adaptation of wild castor to the high-altitude tropical desert and would facilitate direct improvement of modern castor varieties.