Objective To observe the analgesic effect and its complications of flurbiprofen axetil for spastic pain after transurethral re-section of prostate( TUR-P) . Methods 40 patients who were clinically diagnosed as benign prostatic hyperplasia and underwent TUR-P were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=20)and the control group(n=20). When the postsurgical spastic bladder pain happened, the patients in the experimental group received intravenous drip of flurbiprofen axetil 100 mg with saline 500 mL,and the patients in the con-trol group received intramuscular injection of pethidine hydrochloride 100 mg. If its effect is not good,100 mg bucinnazine hydrochloride were injected. Analgesia efficacy was assessed by visual analog scales( VAS) at 30 min,1 h,2 h,4 h,6 h and 8 h after medication. At the same time,the side-effects and complications were observed and recorded. Results There is no statistical difference between the experimental group and the control group at 30 min,1 h, and 2 h after medication(P>0. 05),but at 4 h,6 h and 8 h after medication,VAS score of the experimental group is obviously lower than that of the control group(P<0. 05). And the incidence of adverse reaction of the experimental group, such as thirst,dizziness,nausea and emesia,was lower than that of the control group(P<0. 05). But there is no significant difference in incidence of the secondary bleeding between the two groups(P>0. 05). Conclusion Intravenous drip of flurbiprofen axetil can be an ef-fective and safe way of curing postsurgical spastic bladder pain after TUR-P.

Objective To analyse the effect of progesterone on peripheral blood corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) and delivery time in women with premature rupture of membranes ( PROM ) .Methods 80 patients who were diagnosed with PROM in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University were collected.Randomly divided into dexamethasone (DEX) group, dexamethasone plus progesterone (DEX+P) group, progesterone ( P) group and control group, three groups were detected on admission, admission 24 h, 48 h on peripheral white blood cell count, C-reaction protein, CRH level and time of delivery, neonatal weight, and analysis of CRH the level of the correlation and delivery time.Results Compared with the other three groups, the level of CRH in peripheral blood of DEX group were higher (P<0.05);CRH (P<0.05) increased faster;shorter delivery time (P<0.05); the level of CRH was negatively correlated with delivery time (r=-0.832, P<0.05).The results were statistically significant.Conclusion Dexamethasone treatment can make the premature rupture of fetal membranes of peripheral blood CRH levels rise, shorten the delivery time, progesterone can inhibit this process.

Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods Fifty-four adult male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =18 each): shame operation group (group S),global cerebral I/R group (group I/R) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).Global cerebral I/R was produced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries combined with hypotension (MAP maintained at 35-45 mm Hg).In group D dexmedetomidine 3 μg/kg was injected iv immediately after I/R,followed by infusion of dexmedetomidine at a rate of 3 μg· kg- 1 · h- 1 until 2 h of reperfusion.The neurological deficit score (NDS) was assessed (0 =normal,100 =brain death) at 6 h (T1),24 h (T2)and 72 h (T3) of reperfusion.Then six rats were sacrificed in each group and brain tissues were removed for microscopic examination of hippocampus CA1 region and determination of activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO),contents of TNF-α and IL-1β and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein ( GFAP).Results Compared with group S,NDS,MPO activity and the contents of TNF-α and IL-1β at T1-3 were significantly increased,the expression of GFAP was up-regulated at T2,3 in groups I/R and D ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Compared with group I/R,NDS,MPO activity and TNF-α concent were significantly decreased at T1-3,IL-1β concent was decreased at T1,2,the expression of GFAP was down-regulated at T2,3 in group D (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ).The pathologic changes were significantly attenuated in group D as compared with group I/R.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can attenuate global cerebral I/R injury in rats,and the inhibition of inflammatory response may be involved in the mechanism.

Objective To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on the permeability of blood-brain barrier in rats subjected to global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R).Methods Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-300 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =12 each):sham operation group (group S),global cerebral I/R group (group I/R) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).Global cerebral I/R was induced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries combined with hypotension (MAP was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg) in anesthetized rats.In group D,dexmedetomidine was infused at a rate of 3μg· kg-1 · h-1 until 2 h of reperfusion after a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 3 μg/kg was injected intravenously immediately after onset of I/R.The rats were sacrificed at 24 h of reperfusion and their brains were immediately removed for microscopic examination of hippocampal CA1 region and for determination of the cell apoptosis,brain water content,Evans blue content and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression.Results The number of apoptotic cells was significantly larger,and brain water content,Evans blue content and AQP4 expression were higher in groups I/R and D than in group S (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).The number of apoptotic cells was significantly smaller,and brain water content,and Evans blue content and AQP4 expression were lower in group D than in group I/R (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Global cerebral I/R-induced pathological changes were significantly attenuated in group D.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can decrease the permeability of blood-brain barrier and attenuate global cerebral I/R injury in rats,and down-regulation of AQP4 expression may be involved in the mechanism.

Objective To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on the oxidative stress responses during global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-300 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),global cerebral I/R group (group I/R) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).Global cerebral ischemia was induced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries combined with hypotension (MAP maintained at 35-45 mmHg).In group D,dexmedetomidine was infused at a rate of 3 μg · kg-1 · h-1until 2 h of reperfusion after a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 3 μg/kg was intravenously injected immediately after onset of reperfusion.The neurological deficit score (NDS) was assessed at 24 h of reperfusion,the rats were then sacrificed,and their brains were immediately removed for determination of cell apoptosis and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT).Apoptotic rate was calculated.Results Compared with group S,NDS,apoptotic rate and MDA level were significantly increased,and SOD and CAT levels were decreased in I/R and D groups.Compared with group I/R,NDS,apoptotic rate and MDA level were significantly decreased,and SOD and CAT levels were increased in group D.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine attenuates global cerebral I/R injury through inhibiting the oxidative stress responses.

Targeted therapeutic strategy for cancer stem cells (CSCs) is the key to prevent tumor relapse and metastasis. The im-portant roles of epigenetic regulation on the development of stem cells and gene reprogram of somatic cells suggest that this process may remarkably affect the occurrence and development of CSCs. The epigenome, which comprises DNA methylation, histone modifica-tions, chromatin structures, and non-coding RNAs, controls gene expression patterns. In renal cell carcinoma (RCC), aberrant changes occur in the epigenome. To date, cells with CSC properties from RCC have been successfully isolated using different methods, such as sorting using the Hoechst 33342 side population, forming tumor spheroid, and sorting CD105 cell surface biomarker. According to the progress in genetic studies on RCC, in addition to DNA sequence, the abnormality in the regulatory mechanism has considerable func-tions in tumor progression. Epigenetic changes may be integral to the behavior of cancer progenitor cells and their progeny. Knowledge on epigenetics in renal tumorigenesis process is beneficial in the development of new therapeutic modalities and may deliver new prog-nostic and early diagnostic markers. This paper reviews the latest development in the study of RCC stem cells and the underlying mech-anisms of epigenetic regulation on the development of CSCs in RCC.

Current patent protection of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds is far from being satisfactory with increasing research and development achievements. As patent protection of traditional Chinese medicine compounds is closely related with many fields such as research and development of new TCM drugs, industrial development and TCM internationalization, the development of research and harmonious development of TCM compounds and their patent protection is bound to have a far-reaching influence on domestic and even international societies.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; economics ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; Patents as Topic

Objective To analyze the Oncomelania hupensis snail distribution and the changes of snail situation in Chang-zhou City from 2013 to 2016,so as to provide the evidence for formulating the schistosomiasis prevention and control interven-tions. Methods The data of snail monitoring in Changzhou City from 2013 to 2016 were collected and statistically analyzed. Re-sults The total area with snails was 40.17 hm2 and the newly discovered area was 30.63 hm2 in Changzhou City from 2013 to 2016. In the four years,3454 snails were dissected,and no schistosome infected snails were found. There were totally 51 spots with snails,and the areas with snails of different types of marshland,inland and mountain were 12.13(30.19％),25.54 hm2 (63.57％)and 2.51 hm2(6.24％),respectively. In the newly discovered snail environment,the areas of types of marshland and inland were 8.00 hm2(26.12％)and 22.63 hm2(73.88％),respectively. The main causes for snail existence were external input and adjacent diffusion. In the past four years,the total snail control area with molluscicides was 71.74 hm2,the consolidated snail control area with molluscicides was 155.15 hm2,and the total environmental modification areas in the current snail spots and historic snail spots were 15.90 hm2 and 11.30 hm2 respectively. Conclusion The diffusion of snails in inland rivers is the key of the newly discovered snail areas in Changzhou City in recent years,and the snail monitoring and control measures should be strengthened in the future.

Objective To understand the status of knowledge,attitude,and practice of schistosomiasis prevention and con-trol and infection status in Armed Police Forces stationed along the Yangtze River,so as to provide the reference for formulating the schistosomiasis prevention and control measures in Armed Police Forces. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in the Armed Police Forces along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province,and the investigation content included social demo-graphic data,schistosomiasis prevention knowledge,attitude and behavior. All the subjects were examined for Schistosoma ja-ponicum infection. Results Totally 376 soldiers were investigated in 2 sites. The total passing rate of schistosomiasis knowl-edge was 72.87%. The passing rate among different age groups had no significant difference( χ2 =0.26,P > 0.05). The passing rate of soldiers from endemic areas was significantly higher than that of the soldiers from non-endemic areas( χ2 =4.71,P <0.05). The passing rate of officers was significantly higher than that of the soldiers(χ2 = 4.21,P <0.05). The passing rate of sol-diers with the education levels of junior school,high school,college,undergraduate and above increased gradually,with a sig-nificant difference( χ2 =8.16,P < 0.05). The soldiers with positive attitude accounted for 93.88%. Among the water contact be-haviors,training accounted for 17.55% and participating in the task(such as flood fighting and water work)accounted for 86.44%. When launching,the rate of taking protective measures was 52.93%. The rate of taking protective measures in the knowledge passing group was much higher than that in the knowledge failed group( χ2 =10.55,P < 0.05). The stool was harm-lessly treated in the two camps. Among 376 soldiers,the positive rate of blood examinations was 0.53%,but the stool examina-tions were all negative. Conclusions The overall level of knowledge and correct behavior of schistosomiasis prevention in the Armed Police Forces along the Yangtze River still should be improved. The better health education and behavior intervention are crucial to schistosomiasis prevention in the army.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of lipoxin A4(LXA4)on ischemic brain injury in a rat model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia.Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200～250 g were used and rats were randomly divided into four groups:sham group,ischemia alone group,LXA4 10 ng group and LXA4 100 ng group.Permanent focal cerebral ischemia was induced by improved thread occlusion of right middle cerebral artery.Approximately 10 mm of nylon surgical thread was inserted into the right internal carotid artery in the rats of sham group.After the middle cerebral artery occlusion,the same volume of LXA4(5 ?l)or isotonic Na chloride(5 ?l)was injected respectively into the right lateral ventricle of the rat in 10 minutes.After 24 h of ischemia,the neurological deficit and the infarct volume were assessed by the method of Longa's score and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining;the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA)and actvities of myeloperoxidase(MPO)in the ischemia cortex were measured by spectrophotometer;the contents of tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?)and interleukin-1?(IL-1?)were assayed by ELISA method.The histopathological change was observed after HE staining.Results Treatment with LXA4 10 ng or 100 ng significantly improved functional recovery,reduced relative infarction volume,inhibited MPO activity,decreased MDA,TNF-? and IL-1? levels,and improved histopathological injury.Moreover,the effects of neurological recovery and decreasing TNF-? level in LXA4 100 ng group were better than those in 10 ng group.Conclusion Treatment with LXA4 protects against permanent focal cerebral ischemia injury in rats.