Objective To observe the effect and the skin flap necrosis situation of low concentration methylene blue dye in sentinel lymph node biopsy of breast cancer compared with normal concentration methylene blue dye.Methods One hundred and thirty-eight cases patients with early breast cancer who were treat by sentinel lymph node biopsy surgery in Breast surgery Department of Sichuan ProvincialTumor Hospital from June 2016 to February were selected,and randomly divided into low concentration methylene blue dye group (n =69) and common concentration methylene blue dye group (n =69).Observed and recorded the sentinel lymph node detection and skin flap necrosis of relevance ratio(1％ and 0.1％ concentration methylene blue dye) concentration methylene blue dye in both two groups.Results There were no significant differences in terms of number of sentinel lymph node detection,the detection rate and false negative rate in two groups,while the rate of cutaneous necrosis in low concentration methylene blue dye group was lower (5.8％ vs.0％,P =0.025).Conclusion The effect of low concentration methylene blue dye in sentinel lymph node biopsy of breast cancer is the same as that of common concentration while the low concentration group with fewer side effects.

Objective To investigate the effects of kidney-deficiency on auditory cortex metabolism in the elderly by using the proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H-MRS).Methods 50 volunteers,including 20 young subjects and 30 older subjects matched for gender,were measured by pure tone audiometry、“kidney-deficiency”-related test and were executed 3.0 T multi-voxel 1H-MRS tests,The ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA),choline (Cho) and lactate (Lac) to creatine (Cr) were measured and were compared between the two groups.The t-test analysis were used for statistic process.The relationship between auditory cortex metabolism and the symptom of kidney-deficiency was also analyzed.Resnlts The result of kidney-deficiency-related test and pure tone audiometry revealed that there was significant difference between the two groups and the older subjects had the more severity kidney-deficiency and high-frequency hearing loss (t=6.335、19.558,P＜0.05).The NAA/Cho ratio in the auditory cortex in the older group was significantly lower than that in the younger group (t=2.90,P＜0.05).There were no significant differences between two groups for the ratios of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr (t=1.415、0.927,P＞0.05).Decrease of the ratio of NAA/Cho in the older group is significantly related with kidneT-deficiency(r=- 0.773,P=0.025).Conclusion kidney-deficiency play a very important role in the hearing loss and reduction of the number of neurons in auditory cortex of older healthy subjects.It suggests one possible underlying mechanism for the speech perception difficulties exhibited by aging adults.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between serum lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP-2), LAMP-2 antibody levels and the progression of renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: A total of 80 patients with CKD 3 to 5 stage (CKD group) and 50 healthy controls (control group) from August 2016 to August 2017 in Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine were enrolled. The levels of hemoglobin, creatinine, urea, albumin, LAMP-2 and LAMP-2 antibody in fasting elbow venous blood of 2 groups were detected, and the estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated. The CKD patients were followed up for 1 year, and renal function deterioration was defined as eGFR declined more than average value; the follow-up was over when the patients started dialysis or died, and those patients also defined as renal function deterioration. The patients were divided into high level group and low level group according to the serum LAMP-2 and LAMP-2 antibody levels. Results: The eGFR, hemoglobin and albumin in CKD group were significantly lower than those in control group: (24.60 ± 5.79) ml/min vs. (119.20 ± 9.52) ml/min, (111.36 ± 24.41) g/L vs. (144.60 ± 17.85) g/L and (36.83 ± 3.84) g/L vs. (45.92 ± 6.37) g/L, the creatinine, urea, LAMP-2 and LAMP-2 antibody were significantly higher than those in control group: (306.17 ± 49.24) μmol/L vs. (83.24 ± 5.55) μmol/L, (15.17 ± 3.39) mmol/L vs. (5.57 ± 1.33) mmol/L, (24.76 ± 5.47) μg/L vs. (12.93 ± 4.43) μg/L and (20.33 ± 4.89) μg/L vs. (9.98 ± 2.20) μg/L, and there were statistical differences (P<0.01). All 80 patients with CKD patients completed follow-up, and the follow-up time was 3 to 12 (8.14 ± 1.95) months. The eGFR at the end of followed-up was significantly lower than that at enrolment: (19.38 ± 7.30) ml/min vs. (24.60 ± 5.79) ml/min, the creatinine and LAMP-2 antibody at the end of followed-up were significantly higher than those at enrolment: (397.56 ± 52.32) μmol/L vs. (306.17 ± 49.24) μmol/L and (22.35 ± 4.74) μg/L vs. (20.33 ± 4.89) μg/L, and there were statistical differences (P<0.01); there were no statistical differences in hemoglobin, albumin, urea and LAMP-2 between the end of follow-up and enrollment (P>0.05). Among the 80 patients with CKD, renal function deterioration was in 42 cases, and renal function stability was in 38 cases. In renal function deterioration patients, the eGFR and urea at the end of followed up were significantly lower than those at enrolment: (18.28 ± 6.92) ml/min vs. (24.46 ± 5.76) ml/min and (13.51 ± 1.92) mmol/L vs. (14.81 ± 3.32) mmol/L, the creatinine, LAMP-2 and LAMP-2 antibody at the end of followed up were significantly higher than those at enrolment: (412.47 ± 53.21) μmol/L vs. (303.16 ± 47.87) μmol/L, (29.07 ± 5.42) μg/L vs. (25.89 ± 5.39) μg/L and (25.03 ± 3.30) μg/L vs. (20.95 ± 4.86) μg/L, and there were statistical differences (P<0.01 or <0.05); there were no statistical differences in hemoglobin and albumin between the end of follow-up and enrolment (P>0.05). In renal function stability patients, the eGFR at the end of follow-up was significantly lower than that at enrolment: (20.38 ± 7.58) ml/min vs. (24.73 ± 5.89) ml/min, the creatinine at the end of follow-up was significantly higher than that at enrolment: (381.07 ± 46.64) μmol/L vs. (309.49 ± 51.15) μmol/L, and there were statistical differences (P<0.01); there were no statistical differences in hemoglobin, albumin urea, LAMP-2 and LAMP-2 antibody between the end of follow-up and enrolment (P>0.05). In CKD patients, 38 cases were in LAMP-2 high level group (≥ 24.75 μg/L), and 42 cases were in LAMP-2 low level group (<24.75 μg/L); 38 cases were in LAMP-2 antibody high level group (≥ 20.33 μg/L), and 42 cases were in LAMP-2 antibody low level group (<20.33 μg/L). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis result showed that the renal function deterioration risk in LAMP-2 high level group was significantly higher than that in LAMP-2 low level group, LAMP-2 antibody high level group was significantly higher than that in LAMP-2 antibody low level group, and there were statistical differences (P<0.01). Conclusions Serum LAMP-2, LAMP-2 antibody levels are increased in patients with CKD, and higher serum LAMP-2 and LAMP-2 antibody levels may be associated with high risk of adverse kidney outcomes and become a promising marker to predict CKD progression.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of salbutamol and dexamethasone added into large-volume whole lung lavage (WLL) fluid in patients with pneumoconiosis.

METHODSA total of 176 patients with pneumoconiosis were randomly divided into control group (n=86) and treatment group (n=90). The control group received WLL with 0.9% sodium chloride solution, while for the treatment group, salbutamol and dexamethasone were added into the WLL fluid for both lungs at the 1st and 4th WLLs.Before and after WLL, the pulmonary wheezing, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (Pa02), peak airway pressure(Pa peak), amount of intrapulmonary residual fluid, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEVw) (72 h later),diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO ), and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured for comparison between the two groups.

RESULTSAfter WLL, the treatment group had a significantly lower detection rate of pulmonary wheezing than the control group ( 13.3% vs 29.1 %, x2=5.028, ?=0.025), and the control group had a significantly higher incidence rate of pulmonary wheezing than the treatment group (21.8% vs 3.7%, 0R=5.423,95%CI 2.036-9.568 ). Compared with the control group, the treatment group had significantly higher Pa02 and significantly lower Pa peak and amount of intrapulmonary residual fluid (t =2.163 -4.132, P<0.05) and significantly higher FEV1, DLCO, and FVC (t=1.986-2.345, P<0.05) after WLL.

CONCLUSIONSalbutamol and dexamethasone added into large-volume WLL fluid may effectively alleviate bronchial spasm, reduce hypoxemia, and decrease Pa peak in patients with pneumoconiosis, thus promoting lung function recovery after WLL.

Adult ; Albuterol ; administration & dosage ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Dexamethasone ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; therapy ; Young Adult

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on proliferation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro. The aspirates of the bone marrow from healty volunteers were seeded in culture medium. Then MSCs were isolated according to characteristics adhering to the plastics. After three passages in culture, bone marrow-derived adherent cells were identified by growing morphological features, cell surface antigens and differentiation into multi-lineages. Then P3-MSCs which had been identified were incubated with different concentrations of rhEPO (0.5, 1, 5, 10 and 50 U/ml). Subsequently, proliferation of MSCs was measured by MTT assay, as well as cell counts. At the same time, cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The results indicated that the expressions of CD90 and CD105 in P3 bone marrow-derived adherent cells were positive, while the expressions of CD34 and CD45 were negative, and these cells could differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes in induction media. MTT assay showed that the optical density (OD) of group treated with EPO was significantly higher than that in the control group (p<0.05), and the group treated with 50 U/ml EPO achieved the most predominant effects. The results of cell count were coincident with that of MTT assay. Furthermore, the cell cycle analysis by FCM revealed that rhEPO could relatively decrease the cell ratio in G0/G1 phase, and increase the cell ratio in S and G2/M phases. As compared with the control group, all those differences were statistically significant (p<0.01). It is concluded that erythropoietin can promote proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro, which may be correlated with the increased entry into S and M phases of cell cycle of MSCs adjusted by EPO.
Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Erythropoietin ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Recombinant Proteins

The present study was aimed to investigate the mechanism of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on the viability of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs were cultured by classical whole bone marrow adhering method, and the MSCs were analyzed for the cell surface differentiation markers CD34, CD133, CD90 and CD105 by flow cytometry (FCM). The ability of the MSCs to differentiate into osteocytes and adipocytes was tested in osteogenic and adipogenic mediums, separately. The effect of G-CSF (20 mug/mL) on the passage 3 MSCs viability was evaluated by MTT method, and the molecular mechanism of the G-CSF mediated effects was assayed through the pretreatment of the signal pathway inhibitors including 50 nmol/L wortmannin (phosphatidylinoesitol 3 kinase inhibitor), 50 mumol/L PD98059 [extracellular signal-regulated-kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor], 30 mumol/L SB203580 (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor), 10 mumol/L H89 (protein kinase A inhibitor), 20 mumol/L Y27632 (Rho kinase inhibitor), 1 mumol/L rapamycin [mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor], 10 mmol/L straurosporine [protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor], 6 nmol/L G0697 (PKCalpha inhibitor) and 50 mumol/L Pseudo Z (PKCzeta inhibitor). Cultured passage 3 MSCs expressed CD90 and CD105 strongly, and showed the ability of multi-differentiation into osteocytes and adipocytes. G-CSF promoted the viability of MSCs, and the promotion was completely inhibited by PKC inhibitor straurosporine and partially inhibited by wortmannin, rapamycin, PD98059, SB203580 or G0697. However, its effect was not inhibited by H89, Y27632 and Pseudo Z. It is thus suggested that the promoting effect of G-CSF on MSCs viability was closely related to AKT-mTOR-PKC signal pathway, and PKC maybe the central role in the signal pathway.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; pharmacology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Signal Transduction

Recent research based on various animal models has shown the neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin (EPO).However,few studies have examined such effects of EPO in the clinic.In this study we enrolled patients with spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury to investigate the clinical application of EPO and methylprednisolone (MP) for the neuroprotection against spinal cord I-R injury.Retrospective analysis of 63 cases of spinal cord I-R injury was performed.The Frankel neurological performance scale was used to evaluate the neurological function after spinal cord injury (SCI),including 12 cases of scale B,30 cases of scale C,and 21 cases of scale D.These cases were divided into 2 groups:group A (27 cases) got treatment with both EPO and MP; group B (36 cases) got treatment with MP only.The neurological function of patients after treatment was evaluated by American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA) index score,and activity of daily living (ADL) of the patients was also recorded.All patients got follow-up and the follow-up period ranged from 24 to 39 months (mean 26 months).There was no significance difference in neurological function between groups A and B before the treatment (P＞0.05).However,the neurological function and ADL scores were significantly improved 1 week,1 year or 2 years after the treatment compared to those before the treatment (P＜0.05),and the improvement was more significant in group A than in group B (P＜0.05).It is suggested that the clinical application of EPO and MP provides the neuroprotection against spinal cord I-R injury.

n of NF-κ3. Down-regulation of the expression and activity of MMP-9 may be a new treatment alternative for plaque stabilization by inhibiting the NF-κB activation.

BACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to analyze the trend in the publication of systematic reviews on hip fractures through a bibliometric approach.

METHODSLiterature including systematic reviews or meta-analyses on hip fractures was searched from the ISI Web of Science citation database. The search results were analyzed in terms of geographical authorship and frequency of citation by country, institution, author, and periodical distribution.

RESULTSA total of 654 published systematic reviews from 1995 to 2013 in 48 countries or regions were retrieved. The United States (171) was the predominant country in terms of the number of total publications, followed by the United Kingdom (149), Canada (120), Australia (76), and China (54). The number of systematic reviews significantly increased during the last 6 years, especially in China. The production ranking changed in 2012, at which time the United States and China were the leaders in the yearly production of systematic reviews on hip fractures. The amount of literature (27 publications) from China contributed almost one-quarter of the total literature (109 publications) in 2012. However, the average number of citations of each article from China was still low (6.70), while the highest number of citations of each article was from Sweden (193.36). The references were published in 239 different journals, with 15 journals contributing to 41.3% of the systematic reviews on hip fractures. The two journals that contributed the most were Osteoporosis International (10.6%) and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (7.6%). The predominant institution in terms of the number of publications was McMaster University (36) in Canada.

CONCLUSIONSThe best evidence in the field of hip fractures has attracted increasing attention. Systematic reviews on hip fractures from China have been increasingly more frequent during the past 6 years, particularly in 2012.

Bibliometrics ; Hip Fractures ; Humans ; Publications