Objective To investigate the damage to the retinal cells and apoptosis of retinal cells of rats after ischemia-reperfusion insult. Methods The retinal ischemia-reperfusion model was developed by increasing intraocular pressure to 109 725 mm Hg in rat eyes. Morphological changes of the rat eyes were observed by means of routine histopathology with HE staining. Apoptosis of the retina was assayed by both DNA fragmentation gel-electrophoresis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL). Results Compared with the normal control, no histopathological changes were revealed in the rat retinas 30 min after the ischemia and then reperfued for 24 h or 48 h. Retinal ganglion cell layer (RGL) and inner plaxiform layer (IPL) of the retina were observed, however, to become significantly thinner 60 min after the ischemia and then reperfued for 24 h or 48 h. Together with the pathological changes DNA ladder pattern was detected in the same group of the rats. Further, immunochemical stain of the eye demonstrated that TUNEL positive cells were localized in RGL and IPL of the retina. Conclusion Ischemia-reperfusion insult of the eye may remarkably damage the retina of the rat eye. The damage to the retinal cells is mainly localized within RGL and IPL and apoptosis is the important mechanism of the retinal disorder.

Objective To assess the conscious sedative effect of midazolam during the procedure of ERCP, in terms of general stress responses of the patients, the circulatory change, tolerance, patient cooperation and safety during and after the procedure. Method One hundred twenty patients undergoing standard ERCP using the same model of endoscope. Each patient received intramuscular injection of midazolam at 0. 15mg/kg 20 min before starting the procedures. The sedative score (OAA/S) and the major vital signs (mean arterial pressure( MAP) ,heart rate(HR) and atrerial oxygen saturation (SpO2) ) were recorded during and after the endoscopic procedure. The degree of amnesia of the patients and the extent of satisfaction on both patient and physician sides were also assessed. Results The procedures were successfully completed in all patients. There was no significant change in MAP,HR and SpO2 in these patients. The adverse reactions to the procedures were significantly reduced. No signs of respiratory suppression was observed among this group of patients during and in the immediate post procedure period. Conclusion Conscious sedation by intramuscular injection of midazolam at a dose of 0. 15mg/kg 20min before the ERCP ameliorates the stress of the patients , maintained and steady hemodynamic condition for the procedure and an amnesia status after the procedure. Hence, midazolam is a satisfactory consions selative agent applicable in the ERCP examination.

Objective To evaluate the nighttime blood pressure(BP) control status of hypertensive Chinese chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and related risk factors.Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 337 hypertensive CKD in-patients.The clinical and ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) data were retrieved from the electronic database of the hospital.High ambulatory BP were defined as ＞130/80 mmHg (average 24-hour BP) and ＞135/85 mmHg (daytime)/＞120/70 mmHg (nighttime),respectively.Multivariable analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors for lack of nighttime BP control and circadian rhythm.Results There were 38.6％ of the whole population had average 24-hour BP controlled.But only 22.8％ of them achieved nighttime BP control,which was far less than the 50.7％ of daytime BP control (P ＜ 0.01).Even among those patients who achieved average 24-hour BP control shown by ABPM,there were still 44.6％ of them with uncontrolled nighttime BP.Multiple analyses showed urinary protein excretion (OR:1.151,95％CI:1.035-1.279) was independent risk factor for lack of nighttime BP control.About 80％ of patients presented with nondipping BP pattern,among whom 37.3％ were presented with reverse-dipper pattern.Lack of nighttime BP control was independent risk factor for lack of normal circadian rhythm (both P＜0.001).Conclusions Lack of nighttime BP control was common in hypertensive CKD patients and contributed to the abnormal circadian rhythm.ABPM should be performed more commonly in clinical practice to help nighttime BP control in the future.

The health inspection and quarantine specialty is a new undergraduate specialty published by Ministry of Education in 2012.But the health inspection professional or preventive medicine (health inspection subspectialty) set in our country put more emphasis on the content of health inspectionor medical examination,rarely involved in the Quarantine content.Therefore,according to the new professional requirements and training objectives,combined with other quarantine specialty course teaching experience and the disciplinary characteristics,we explored a feasible way to develop the discipline and training,from the health and quarantine courses setting,teaching theory,teaching practice,teaching evaluation and management aspects.

Sixteen dogs were allocated to 4 groups in equal number and were fed with Rad ix Rhod od end ri Mollis 0.170, 0.345 and 1.420 g/kg for three months respectively, with one group as control. The results showed that Rad ix Rhod od end ri Mollis can cause focal necrosis, edema, ballooning degeneration and fatty degeneration of liver cells. It can also increase the permeability of glomerulus, and cause edema and even ballooning degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells. Biochemical analysis showed that GPT and BUN apparently increased. Urine analysis showed that qualitative examination of protein, epithelial cells, white and red blood cells were all positive. It is considered that long-term administration of Rad ix Rhod od end ri Mollis can cause functional and structural damage of liver and kidney, and timely suspension of the drug and treatment may render the damage.

0.05)Conclusion There are some free cancer cells in the prepheral blood of some patients with gastric cancer before operation. Pulling and stimulating tumor in the operation may increase cancer cell dissemination.Simple ligation of peripheral veins around stomach could not completely prevent cancer cell dissemination in the peripheral blood.

Objective To develop a quick quantitative detecting method for point of care testing (POCT) of human serum procalcitonin (PCT) by fluorescence immunochromatographic technology.Methods Applying a double-antibody sandwich immunofluorescent assay (one antibody coated on the nitrocellulose membrane and the other antibody labeled with fluorescent micropaticles) to develop a PCT quantitative detecting kit by immunochromatography technology.The kit was used to test PCT in 472 serum samples from suspected bacterial infection patients of Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital,including 240 male and 232 female patients.The methodology and diagnostic performance were evaluated in the aspects of linearity,precision,accuracy,specificity,stability experiments and comparison with foreign PCT detecting kits.Results The report range of the PCT quantitative diagnostic kit was 0.1-125.0 μg/L The coefficient of variation (CV)values of repeat 20 tests for low,median,and high concentration control samples respectively were all less than 15％ and bias can be acceptable (P ＞ 0.05).Common interfering substances in human serum specimens such as bilirubin (2.0 g/L),triglyceride (30.0 g/L) and cholesterol (15.0 g/L) were found no significant affect on quantitative detection of PCT.The shelf time of the PCT diagnostic kit should be longer than 12 months as the relative deviation of detected concentrations of 0.5,1.0,22.0,65.0 μg/L PCTcontrol sample can be controlled less than 20％ within 14 months.Considering VIDAS BRAHMS PCT to be the standard quantitative test for PCT,472 serum samples were detected by both our kit and the control VIDAS BRAHMS PCT kit simultaneously,which showed high correlation (YVIDAS =0.180 + 1.006Xwondfo,R2 =0.988,P ＜ 0.01) and low deviation (Z =-1.6,P ＞ 0.05) without statistic significance between two methods.And the results of these two diagnostic kits showed good consistency as the area under curve of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of Wondfo-PCT at the three cut-off values (0.5,2.0,10.0 μg/L)were 0.997,0.994,0.998 respectively,P ＜ 0.01,using diagnostic result of the control product as standard.Kappa values were 0.899,0.905,0.973 respectively.Conclusions The method of quantitative detection of PCT by fluorescence immunochromatography for POCT was established in this study.All the observed indicators reached the clinical diagnostic requirements and can be applied for the quick detection of clinical human serum PCT.

The seasonal dynamics of the soil microbial growth and soil net respir ation rate were studied in the imminent Heptacodium miconioides community T he results indicate that the numbers of bacteria and actynomices of rhizosphere soil or that of bacteria ,fungi and actynomices of non rhizosphere soil as well as net respiration rate of soil maintain similar seasonal dynamics in which dis play mono peak curves and their biggest values occure in September but the bi ggest nu mber of fungi of rhizosphere soil is in October The microbial numbers of soil,e s pecially that of soil fungi ,are greatly affected by the water content and tempe rature of soil The net respiration rate of soil closely relate not only with t h e water content and temperature of soil,but also with the soil microbial numbers of non rhizosphere soil which are mostly responsible for the net respiration r ate of soil

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) is a common malignant tumor of the extrahepatic bile duct and has the features of special anatomical location, tumor growth along the bile duct, high degree of malignancy, and easy involvement of liver parenchyma. At present, the treatment methods for HCCA include surgical resection, non-surgical biliary drainage, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, and photodynamic therapy, but surgical resection is still the preferred method. There are still controversies over the need for preoperative biliary drainage, portal vein thrombosis, and extent of surgical resection. This article elaborates on the research advances in the clinical typing of HCCA, preoperative examination and diagnosis, and treatment methods.

Objective To assess the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the neuropsychiatric inventory (CNPI). Methods The CNPI was administered to 219 caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Each caregiver was retested 4 weeks after initial testing. Results The Cronbach a coefficient of the total symptom scale was 0.69. The Cronbach α coefficient of the total caregiver distress subscale was 0.72. The Cronbach α coefficient of the entire inventory was 0. 82. The test-retest coefficients ranged from 0.66 to 0.98 (P < 0.01). Principal axis factoring analysis of the symptom subscale yielded a five-factor solution which contributed to 67.0% of the cumulative variance. Factor 1, which included aberrant motor behavior, hallucinations, delusion and irritability had the most significant contribution to the cumulative variance. Principal axis factoring analysis of the caregiver distress subscale also yielded a five-factor solution which contributed to 70.2% of the cumulative variance. Factor 1, which included depression, delusion, sleep/night behavior, aberrant motor behavior, and irritability had the most significant contribution to the cumulative variance. Conclusion This Chinese version of NPI is a reliable and valid tool for measuring neuropsychiatric disturbances in patients with AD.