Objective To study the role of interleukin-6(IL-6)in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer and its clinical significance. Methods Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of IL-6 protein and mRNA in frozen prostatic adenocarcinoma,adjacent benign prostatic tissue,and prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and LNCaP. The serum levels of IL-6 in patients with prostate cancer and healthy controls,and the supernatants of prostate cancer cell cultures were measured by using ELISA. Results The IL-6 protein levels in prostate cancer tissue and PC-3 cells were significantly higher than those in adjacent benign prostatic tissue and LNCaP cells. The serum IL-6 levels in the patients with prostate cancer were markedly higher than those in the healthy controls. The IL-6 levels in supernatants in PC-3 cells were notably higher than those in the LNCaP cells. Conclusion The IL-6 gene may act as an important regulator in prostate cancer progression and may be one of the causes of prostate cancer conversion from an initially androgen-dependent state into an androgen-independent state.

The association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in -174G/C and -634C/G of interleukin-6 (IL-6) promoter region and prostate cancer was examined in the population of Han people in Hubei region. TaqMan PCR was employed for the gene-typing of -174G/C and -634C/G in promoter region of IL-6 gene to compare the prostate cancer patients and normal controls in terms of genotype frequency, allele frequency and risk of prostate cancer. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the detection of IL-6 concentration in peripheral blood of the patients with prostate cancer and the relationship between the IL-6 level and the genotype was studied. Our results showed that in all the subjects, the genotype of genetic locus -174G/C was found to be GG and no CG and CC were observed. There was a significant difference in gene frequency of GG, CG and CC of -634C/G and allele frequency of G and C between prostate cancer patients and normal controls (P<0.05) and the gene frequency of GG+CG increased with the clinical stages and pathological grades of prostate cancer. The IL-6 level in GG+CG group was significantly higher than that in CC group. It was concluded that no SNP in -174G/C IL-6 promoter region was found in the population of Han people in Hubei region. The SNP in -634C/G was, to some extent, associated with the development and progression of prostate cancer. The population with GG+CG genetype has higher risk for prostate cancer.
Alleles ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Interleukin-6/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*genetics

This study examined the effect of silencing LRIG3 expression on the proliferation and apoptosis of bladder cancer T24 cells and explored the role of LRIG3 in the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer. Bladder cancer T24 cells were routinely cultured and pSilencer plasmids were employed to construct LRIG3 eukaryotic expression vector of LRIG3-siRNA, i.e., pSilencer-LRIG3-siRNA. After confirmation, the vector was transfected into HEK293 cells to make a replication-deficient adenovirus, pAd-LRIG3-siRNA, which was then introduced into bladder cancer T24 cells. RT-PCR, Western-blotting were performed to detect the levels of LRIG3 mRNA and proteins. Cells number was determined by using MTT test. Hoechst33258 staining, transmission microscopy, flow cytometery were conducted to examine the cell apoptosis. Three groups included a blank control group, a negative control group (containing non-interfering plasmids) and a pAd-LRIG3-siRNA group. Our results showed that the recombinant pAd-LRIG3-siRNA was successfully transfected into the bladder cancer T24 cells. The siRNA formed by the transcription of the recombinant plasmids resulted in significantly reduced expressions of LRIG3 gene and protein and significantly decreased cell proliferation and growth in the pAd-LRIG3-siRNA group as compared with the control group (P<0.01). The siRNA also caused apoptotic changes of some cells, with the apoptosis rate being (17.69±0.75)%, which was significantly different from that of the control group (P<0.01). It was concluded that recombinant pAd-LRIG3-siRNA plasmids could effectively decrease the expression of LRIG3 mRNA and proteins and, to some extent, inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of bladder cancer T24 cells. Silencing LRIG3 gene might be a novel alternative for the treatment of bladder cancer.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects and safety of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) by middle renal calice used as the main target for the treatment of staghorn stones with the combination of pneumatic and ultrasonic lithotrite.Methods Clinical data of 73 patients underwent PCNL by middle renal calices as main access with 57 incomplete staghorn stones and 35 complete staghorn stones.To observe the situation calculus removal rate and complications.Results Seventy cases (88 sides) underwent one session PCNL by single access tract (middle caliees),3 cases (4 sides) underwent one session PCNL by double access tracts (2 cases by middle and low calices,1 case by up and middle caliees).After the first period of lithoclasty,17 patients (25 sides) residual stones and the stone removal rate 72.8％ (67/92),among these patients,1 case (1 side) had fragments of lateral renal calyeeal stones with no further treatment.Other 16 cases (24 sides)underwent second session PCNL,all were treated by single access tract (middle calices) and 2 cases (2 sides)had extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy before the second PCNL.After the second period of lithoclasty,76 sides composed of 27 complete staghorn stones and 49 incomplete staghorn stones had no residual fragments with the stone removal rate 82.6％ (76/92).The operative time lasted 120-320 min.Hemoglobin dropped 1-4 g/L,11 cases in the operation procedure and 3 cases after operation needed blood transfusion respectively.One case of renal pelvic infection after operation and 1 case had split renal dysfunction with peri-parenchyma infection.The hospitalization time was 9-18 days.Conclusion It is effective and safe to perform PCNL for staghorn stone by middle calices as a main access.Combining pneumatic and ultrasonic lithotrite will be very useful with high stone clearance,short procedure time and less complications.

Objective To discuss the medium-term follow-up of clinically insignificant residual fragments (CIRF) after minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy lithotripsy (MPCNL).Methods The clinical data of 72 patients with CIRF medium-term follow-up were analyzed retrospectively.Results Seventy-two patients with CIRF.The anatomical distribution of CIRF was 10 at upper pole,15 at middle,35 at lower,10 at renal ureteropelvie junction and 2 at upper and lower pole.Stone analysis showed that 41 cases of calcium oxalate calculi,16 of calcium oxalate calculi mixed with carbonate calculi,3 calcium oxalate calculi mixed with uric acid,4 calcium oxalate calculi mixed with struvite stone,3 struvite stone,2 uric acid stone and 3 carbonate apatite mixed with struvite stone.Fifteen cases had clinical symptoms,including 2 renal colic pain,8 hematuria,5 lower urinary tract symptoms,4 cases CIRF located in upper pole,1 case in middle pole,4 cases in lower pole,6 cases in ureteropelvic junction,the incidence of clinical symptoms in ureteropelvic junction was significantly higher than that in other locations (6/10 vs.4/12,1/15,4/37,P ＜0.05).Eight cases required surgical procedure,5 cases underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy,3 cases with ureteral CIRF were performed with ureteroscopic lithotripsy.CIRF were clear after surgery,7 patients with ureteral CIRF had renal colic pains.The stones were excluded after spasmolytic analgesic treatments.Conclusions CIRF can be located variously in the kidney and ureter.Most CIRF are calcium oxalate calculi and locate in the lower pole.Patients with the history of previous open surgery or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy are more likely to get CIRF.Medium-term follow-up of CIRF reveals that CIRF located in the renal ureteropelvis junction are more likely to have clinical symptoms.

Objective To compare the outcomes of antegrade and retrograde approach ureteroscopy for impacted upper ureteric calculi and assess the safety and efficiency of the two types of minimally invasive technique. Methods A total of 106 patients with impacted upper ureteric calculi were treated with ureteroscopy. The procedure was performed via antegrade percutaneous nephrostomy tract in 50 patients (antegrade group) and via retrograde transurethral access in 56 patients (retrograde group). Results The success rate of retrograde group was 92.9% (52/56). Operating time was (45 ± 5 ) min, hospital stay was (6 ± 1) days. The stone free rate was 80.4%(45/56) at 1 month follow-up,7 patients with residual calculi required ESWL combination. Complication rate was 5.4% (3/56). The success rate of antegrade group was 100.0% (50/50). Operating time was (55 ± 8 ) min, hospital stay was (8 ± 2) days. The stone free rate was 100.0% (50/50) and no complication was noted. The stone free rate and the complication rate indicated significant difference between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Antegrade and retrograde access ureteroscopy for impacted upper ureteric calculi are safe and effective. Success rate and stone free rate of antegrade approach are higher than those of retrograde approach.

Objective To investigate the therapeutics of solitary kidney complicated with complexcalculi,and improve the effect and safety of treatment.Methods Experiences in the treatment of 32 patients with solitary kidney complicated with complex calculi were summarized.Congenital solitary kidney was 6 cases (18.8%),postnatal reason was 26 cases(81.2%),left was 12 cases(37.5%),right was 20 cases (62.5%).All patients were with mould or multiple calculi,9 cases were complicated with ureter calculi,and 8 cases were hospitalized because of obstructive anuria.The patients with mould calculi received extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) prior to percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL).While the patients with multiple calculi received PCNL prior to ESWL. Some cases were treated by lithedialysis.Results Twenty-nine cases (90.6%)were cured by ESWL combined with PCNL 12 cases received lithodialysis during PCNL. Eight cases with obstructive anuria recovered in 12 hours after emergent ESWL or lithodialysis,3 cases(9.4%)underwent open operation because of deformity or obstruction in renal pelvis and ureter,1 case had to keep nephrostomy because of repeated infection.Followed up 4-36 months,29 cases (90.6%)kept good kidney function,3 cases(9.4%)had renal insufficiency,2 cases(6.2%)reoccurred calculi.Conclusions The therapeutics of ESWL combined with PCNL may clear complex calculi of solitary kidney effectively and safely.It is necessary to take emergent ESWL in renal obstructive calculi cases.And the patients with lower ureter obstructive calculi may take lithodialysis first.It is proper to choose open operation on the patients with deformity of renal pelvis or obstruction of ureter.

Objective To explore the effects of Sodium Nitroprusside(SNP) on apoptosis of airway smooth muscle cells(ASMCs) of asthmatic rats in vitro.Methods Ten Wister rats were selected to make the models of asthma.The effect of SNP on the survival rate of asthmatic rat airway smooth muscle cells was detected by MTT method.The apoptosis of cells was detected by TUNEL method and flow cytometry.Results Comparing with asthma group,the survival rate of ASMCs was decreased significantly in SNP plus asthma group by MTT method(P

The association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in -174G/C and -634C/G of interleukin-6 (IL-6) promoter region and prostate cancer was examined in the population of Han people in Hubei region. TaqMan PCR was employed for the gene-typing of -174G/C and -634C/G in promoter region of IL-6 gene to compare the prostate cancer patients and normal controls in terms of genotype frequency, allele frequency and risk of prostate cancer. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the detection of IL-6 concentration in peripheral blood of the patients with prostate cancer and the relationship between the IL-6 level and the genotype was studied.Our results showed that in all the subjects, the genotype of genetic locus -174G/C was found to be GG and no CG and CC were observed. There was a significant difference in gene frequency of GG,CG and CC of-634C/G and allele frequency of G and C between prostate cancer patients and normal controls (P<0.05) and the gene frequency of GG+CG increased with the clinical stages and pathological grades of prostate cancer. The IL-6 level in GG+CG group was significantly higher than that in CC group. It was.concluded that no SNP in-174G/C IL-6 promoter region was found in the population of Han people in Hubei region. The SNP in -634C/G was, to some extent, associated with the development and progression of prostate cancer. The population with GG+CG genetype has higher risk for prostate cancer.

This study examined the effect of silencing LRIG3 expression on the proliferation and apoptosis of bladder cancer T24 cells and explored the role of LRIG3 in the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer.Bladder cancer T24 cells were routinely cultured and pSilencer plasmids were employed to construct LRIG3 eukaryotic expression vector of LRIG3-siRNA,i.e.,pSilencer-LRIG3-siRNA.After confirmation,the vector was transfected into HEK293 cells to make a replication-deficient adenovirus,pAd-LRIG3-siRNA,which was then introduced into bladder cancer T24 cells.RT-PCR,Western-blotting were performed to detect the levels of LRIG3 mRNA and proteins.Cells number was determined by using MTT test.Hoechst33258 staining,transmission microscopy,flow cytometery were conducted to examine the cell apoptosis.Three groups included a blank control group,a negative control group (containing non-interfering plasmids) and a pAd-LRIG3-siRNA group.Our results showed that the recombinant pAd-LRIG3-siRNA was successfully transfected into the bladder cancer T24 cells.The siRNA formed by the transcription of the recombinant plasmids resulted in significantly reduced expressions of LRIG3 gene and protein and significantly decreased cell proliferation and growth in the pAd-LRIG3-siRNA group as compared with the control group (P＜0.01).The siRNA also caused apoptotic changes of some cells,with the apoptosis rate being (17.69±0.75)％,which was significantly different from that of the control group (P＜0.01).It was concluded that recombinant pAd-LRIG3-siRNA plasmids could effectively decrease the expression of LRIG3 mRNA and proteins and,to some extent,inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of bladder cancer T24 cells.Silencing LRIG3 gene might be a novel alternative for the treatment of bladder cancer.