Objective To observe the pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area varying with time after heat stroke in rats. Meth-ods Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham group (n=5) and heat stroke group (n=14), and the heat stroke group was divided into 7-day subgroup and 21-day subgroup (n=7 at each group) after heat stroke. Heat stroke group was established model of heat stroke. The brain tissues of rats were observed with Nissl staining to count the living pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 area. Results The number of living pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 area decreased in the heat stroke group (F=11.80, P<0.01), and decreased more in the 21-day subgroup than in the 7-day subgroup (P<0.05). Conclusion Pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 area decrease with time after heat stroke, which may be associated with the learning and memory impairment.

Objective To investigate the difference of the morbidity rate of hypertension among patients with sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) in different stages, and the change in the blood levels of some vasoactive substances and their correlations with severity of SAS, in order to further explore the mechanism of hypertension caused by SAS. Methods 63 patients suspected to suffer from SAS were enrolled, and they were divided into normal, mild, moderate, and severe SAS groups according to respiratory disorder index (RDI) obtained by polysomnography (PSG) monitoring. The diagnosis of hypertension was made by the measurement of blood pressure and 24-hour dynamic measurement of blood pressure. Blood levels of angiotesnin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ), endothelin-1 (ET-1), throboxane B2 (TXB2), calcium gene related protein (CGRP), 6-keto-protagladin factor1?(6-keto-PGF1?) were determined with radioimmunoassay. Results The mobidity rate of hypertension was significantly higher in moderate and severe SAS group than that in the normal group (P0.05). Correlative analysis showed that the blood levels of Ang Ⅱ, ET-1, TXB2 were positively correlative to RDI (r=0.594, 0.523, 0.574, respectively, P0.05). Conclusion SAS is significantly related to the incidence of hypertension. Vasoactive substances with vasoconstrictive effect such as Ang Ⅱ, ET-1, TXB2 play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of hypertension in SAS patients than those with vasodilative effect such as CGRP and 6-keto-PGF1?.

Objective To compare the spatial learning and memory function of heat stroke rats in different periods, to explore the long-term impairment. Methods 42 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into heat stroke 7 days group (HS7, n=21), heat stroke 21 days group (HS21, n=21), and another 18 rats were performed femoral artery intubation as surgery control group (sham, n=18). They were tested with Morris water maze 7 days and 21 days after modeling respectively for 5 days. The escaping latency, the frequency of crossing the platform area and the duration in the target quadrant were recorded. Results Compared with the sham group, the escaping latency prolonged in HS7 group in all the time (P<0.05), and 4th and 5th days in HS21 group (P<0.05). Compared with HS7 group, the escaping latency short-ened in HS21 group on the 3rd, 4th and 5th days (P<0.05). The duration in the target quadrant shortened in HS7 group compared with the sham group (P<0.05), and prolonged in HS21 group compared with HS7 group (P<0.05). The frequency of crossing the platform decreased both in HS7 group and HS21 group compared with the sham group (P<0.05), and no difference was found between the later 2 groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The impairment of spatial learning and memory is the most seriously 7 days after heat stroke in rats, and it may remain for long time.

Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect on blood glucose, lipid, and renal function of Bailing capsules combined with calcium dobesilate dispersible tablets in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Methods: Totally 216 patients with diabetic ne-phropathy in phase Ⅳ were randomly divided into the control group (108 cases) and the treatment group (108 cases). The control group was given the conventional therapy, and the treatment group was treated with Bailing capsules combined with calcium dobesilate dispersible tablets additionally. The levels of serum creatine (Scr), urean ntrogen (BUN), endothelin (ET-1), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) ,cystatin C ( CYC) and urinary albumin excretion rate ( UAER) were detected for all the patients before and after the treat-ment. The adverse drug reactions were observed as well. Results:After the treatment, all the indices in the two groups were all obvi-ously decreased (P<0. 05), and those in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0. 05). There were no significant changes in blood glucose, blood lipid and glycosylated hemoglobin before and after the treatment in the two groups (P>0. 05). The adverse drug reactions showed no significant differences between the two groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion:The effect of Bailing capsules combined with calcium dobesilate dispersible tablets is better than that of calcium dobesilate dispersible tablets in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy in phase IV, which can improve the renal function indices with high safety and without notable influence on blood glucose and lipid.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship of circadian distribution of acute myocardial infarction with AMI location and ST segment changes in elderly patients.MethodsThe time of infarction, its anatomic location, changes of ST segment, and coronary angiography were studied in 909 elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) ( 412 with anterior AMI and 423 with inferior AMI) admitted to our coronary care units from January 1996 to January 2006.ResultsThe onset of inferior myocardial infarction were more frequent between midnight and 6AM than other periods of the day (n=138/423,32.6% of all inferior myocardial infarction patients, P<0.01). The onset of anterior myocardial infarction were more frequent between 6AM and noon than other periods of the day (n=156/412, 37.9% of all anterior myocardial infarction patients, P<0.01). Coronary angiography was performed in 789 patients (86.8%, 516/909).118 cases of them with inferior infarction occured between midnight and 6AM, including 85.6% of them were due to right coronary artery occlusion and 14.0%(17/118) of them were due to left coronary artery occlusion (P<0.01).275 cases of them with inferior infarction oecured between 6AM and midnight, including 52.2% (149/275) of them were due to right coronary artery occlusion and 45.8% of them were due to left coronary artery occlusion (P>0. 05). The onset of inferior myocardial infarction between 6AM and noon was the most frenquent in patients with ST segment elevation (44.0%, 263/644), while the onset of inferior myocardial infarction between midnight and 6 AM was the most frenquent in patients with non-ST segment elevation (36.6%,96/265). ConclusionsThe frequency of AMI at night is higher in elderly patients with ST segment elevation than in elderly patients with non-ST segment elevation.AMI at night is usually due to right coronary artery occlusion, which suggests that a protective role of sleep may be limited to left coronary artery -related events and AMI of non-ST segment.

Objective:To explore the effects of Bailing capsules combined with salvianolate on inflammatory cytokines, renal vas-cular endothelia and renal function in diabetic nephropathy inⅣphase. Methods:Totally 60 patients with diabetic nephropathy in IV phase were randomly divided into the control group (30 cases) and the treatment group (30 cases). The control group was given the conventional and salvianolate therapy, and the treatment group was treated with Bailing capsules additionally. The treatment course was 3 months. The changes of serum creatine(SCr), urean itrogen (BUN), creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), ethelin (ET-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected before and after the treatment. Results:After the 3-month treatment, SCr, BUN, IL-6, TNF-a, CRP and ET-1 were significantly decreased in the two groups with statistical signifi-cance, and Ccr was significantly increased in the treatment group (P<0. 05), and the changes in the treatment group were significant-ly better than those in the control group (P<0. 05). After the treatment, the blood glucose, blood lipids, glycosylated hemoglobin and the other indicators had no significant changes in the two groups (P>0. 05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse drug reactions between the two groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion:The combination of Bailing capsules and salvianolate can re-duce the inflammatory reaction and improve renal vascular endothelial function and renal function in the patients with diabetic nephrop-athy in Ⅳ phase with promising safety and few adverse reactions.

OBJECTIVETo compare the application valuable of flexible spatial scan statistics and kulldorff scanning window in the cluster detection and early warning of hepatitis A.

METHODSThe case numbers and incidence data of hepatitis A in 2012 for all the counties (cities, districts)in Yunnan province were collected from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention and the total number was 1 335. By extracting the time length by month, the flexible spatial scan statistics was tested by retrospective analyses of hepatitis A data in Yunnan in 2012 and compared the results with the Kulldorff circular scan statistic analyses.

RESULTSThe results of flexible scanning window showed that there were fifteen hepatitis A spatial clusters in Yunnan province in 2012 and in July, these areas including Gejiu county, Mengzi county and Wenshan county had the strongest clusters (the log likelihood ratio (LLR) = 52.66, P = 0.001). The results of Kulldorff scanning window showed that there were twenty hepatitis A spatial clusters and these areas including Gejiu county, Hekou county, Maguan county, Mengzi county, Pingbian county, Wenshan county had the strongest clusters (LLR = 47.82, P = 0.001). The results of the flexible scanning window were the same as the actual monitoring results. But the results of Kulldorff scanning window showed that in May and June some areas without incidence had the clusters.

CONCLUSIONFlexible scanning window can detect the monthly clusters of the Hepatitis A. Flexible scanning window had a higher accuracy than Kulldorff irregular circular scanning window. Flexible spatial scan statistics had the value in the use of spatial aggregation detecting on hepatitis A.

China ; Cluster Analysis ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Hepatitis A ; Humans ; Incidence ; Retrospective Studies