Bacterial cellulose,as a new material,due to its unique nano-fiber mesh structure with good purity,physical and chemical properties such as mechanical strength and water holding capacity,biocompatibility and adaptability,has been widely used in medicine,food,paper,textile,acoustical materials and other industries.In medical field,especially,it has been rapidly developed in recent years.This review discusses the current bacterial cellulose and its performance optimization products which relates to the medical applications.

BACKGROUND: Bacterial cellulose, a new nanometer biomaterial, benefits the growth of skin tissue and limits the infection. It may provide advantageous conditions for the biomaterials dressing and temporary skin in the burnt patients and chronic ulcer patients. OBJECTIVE: To study the possibility of bacterial cellulose in the treatment of deep second-degree burn in rats. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An observational experiment was perforemd at the Central Laboratory of Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University from June to November 2008. MATERIALS: M12 was used to produce non-soluble gel membrane when it was cultured for 6 days at a constant temperature of 30℃, and then the sample was boiled for 20 minutes in 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution. Ivory semitransparent bacterial cellulose was obtained following the removals of thallus in liquid membrane and residual culture medium. METHODS: Skin burn in a size of 2.0 cm×2.0 cm was made in bilateral sides of spinal cord on back with self-made wound meter. One side was treated with bacterial cellulose dressing and sutured, taking as experimental side. While the other side served as control side without dressing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: At days 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 after operation, the healing rate of skin burn in rats was calculated, and the skin wound and healing were observed under light microscope. RESULTS: All animals were alive normally without the presence of wound infection. Compared with control side, the wound healing rate of treated side significantly improved at day 21 after operation; there was no significant difference between the treated side and control side at other time points (P < 0.01). The histological results indicated that the pathological lesion and healing had no significant differences between the two sides. CONCLUSION: Bacterial cellulose can promote the healing of skin burn wound to a certain degree.

Objective To observe the influence of sodium phosphocreatine on the hemodynamics,human heart fatty acid binding protein (hFABP),cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTnI) during perioperative period.Methods Forty patients (ASA grade Ⅱ to Ⅲ ) with extensive myocardial ischemia diagnosed by preoperative electrocardiogram were divided into two groups:sodium phosphocreatine group (group A) and control group (group B) with 20 cases each by random digits table. Both groups underwent routine preoperative preparation and group A were given sodium phosphocreatine 2 g/d till anesthesia induction immediately in the operation day. Hemodynamic parameters including mean artery pressure (MAP),heart rate (HR),cardiac output (CO), stroke index (SI) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were recorded respectively at 3 d before treatment (T0), anesthesia induction immediately before ( T1 ), tracheal intubation immediately after (T2),tracheal extubation immediately after (T3). And blood hFABP and cTnl levels were detected. Results Compared with group B, there was no significant difference in HR of group A at To to T3 (P ＞ 0.05 ). MAP,CO, SI at T1 to T3 of group A were significantly higher than those of group B(P＜ 0.05 ) ;whereas PVR,blood hFABP and cTnI levels were lower than those of group B (P ＜ 0.05 ). The incidence of arrhythmogenesis of group A [20%(4/20)] was lower than that of group B [45%(9/20)](P＜0.05). Conclusion Sodium phosphocreatine has good protective effect on the myocardium in the patients with myocardial ischemia during perioperative period.

Objective To investigate the incidence of the pusher syndrome in stroke patients, and the relationship between the syndrome and the neuropsychological symptoms and location of brain lesion, and to investigate the mechanism and the physiotherapy intervention of pusher syndrome. Methods Thirty nine patients(25 male, 14 female, 62.5?9.4 years old) with pusher syndrome were examined, 91 patients(57 male,34 female, 58.4?11.6 years old) without ipsilateral pushing served as control. The lesion areas, neuropsychological syndrome and the Barthel Index(BI) were recorded, and the physiotherapy were administered in the patients. Results The incidence of pusher syndrome was 30% in the patients studied, corresponding to 17% of the total number of stroke patients in the study period. The percentage of pusher syndrome occurrence was higher in the patients with right side lesion than those with left side lesion ( P

Objective: To compare and analyze the maxillary lingual arch forms of ClassⅠmalocclusions after extraction and non-extraction treatment respectively. Methods: 60(30 with extraction, 30 non-extraction)maxillary dental models of ClassⅠmalocclusions after orthodontic treatment were measured in lingual arch widths and depths. The data were analyzed by statistical methods and the charts of lingual arch forms were drawn. Results: The lingual arch widths and depths in anterior segments of the extraction group were significantly larger than those of the non-extraction group(P0.05). The lingual arch forms of the two groups were similar in anterior segments, and more different in premolar and first molar segments, but similar from the distal lingual cusp of the first molars. Conclusion: The lingual arch forms of the two groups are similar in appearances, but the anterior segments of the extraction group are deeper than that of the non-extraction group.

OBJECTIVE:To improve the rational and scientific drug purchase quantity planned by hospital pharmacy. METH-ODS:The deficiency in present drug purchase module of hospital information system(HIS)was analyzed;the formula of planned purchase quantity was improved by incremental coefficient method,ABC analysis method and VEN analysis method. The high and low stored values and packaging volume were set to adjust planned drug purchase quantity. Based on the computer program,a one-key-getting procedure was quasi established,and five typical drugs were selected for simulation. RESULTS:Based on previous formula,the parameters representing change trend,incremental coefficient k1 and inventory coefficient k2 were added in new formu-la. The one-key-getting procedure could calculate the quantity of all drugs by simply entering the planning cycle N1 and the safe peri-od N2 of the some category drugs into the system. After simulated operation practice,compared with pre-improvement,the occupa-tion of funds was significantly decreased and the quantity of drug was rounded off according to package in post-improvement. CON-CLUSIONS:Through function improvement of drug purchase module in HIS and the quasi establishment of one-key-getting pur-chase mode,planned drug purchase quantity is more reasonable,scientific and accurate. It ensures the clinical drug supply in time without causing a backlog,and effectively reduces the cost of manpower,material and capital.

Objective To analyze the survival rate and hospitalization information for 81 2 cases of very low birth weight (VLBW)and extremely low birth weight (ELBW)infants.Methods The retrospective study was con-ducted in a single center,Department of Neonatology,Hubei Women and Children Hospital,from January 2009 to De-cember 201 4,where the data of 81 2 infants with birth weight(BW)less than 1 500 g was analyzed in regard to perinatal condition,treatment and complications of these in relation to prognosis.Results (1 )A total of 621 cases(76.5%) had favorable prognosis.(2)There was a significant difference in the favorable prognosis rate between different BW groups (χ2 =28.87,P <0.05)and different gestational age(GA)groups (χ2 =1 4.77,P <0.05).The favorable prog-nosis rate for the male infants(χ2 =4.69,P <0.05),puerpera age between 1 7 -25 and 36 -46 years old (χ2 =1 1 .1 9, P <0.05),usage of prenatal hormones(χ2 =8.02,P <0.05),the infants without intrauterine infection (χ2 =8.61 ,P <0.05),the mother without gestational hypertension (χ2 =7.20,P <0.05)and gestational diabetes mellitus(χ2 =1 9.2, P <0.05)were different compared to the control groups.(3)Infants with peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) (χ2 =33.31 ,P <0.05)and recovery birth weight within 1 0 days(χ2 =29.65,P <0.05)had higher favorable prognosis rate compared to the control groups,which had significant differences.(4)Infants with intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH)(χ2 =1 3.1 6,P <0.05),respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)(χ2 =7.59,P <0.05),necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)(χ2 =1 3.02,P <0.05)and serious asphyxia (χ2 =6.05,P <0.05)had lower favorable prognosis rates than those did not,with significant differences.(5)Logistic analysis:the lower BW,smaller GA,earlier birth,unused PICC, serious asphyxia,IVH,RDS were risk factors for poor prognosis(all P <0.05).Conclusions The favorable prognosis rate of VLBW and ELBW infants has improved gradually,and is closely related to GA,BW,maternal age,perinatal care,prevention complication,treatment of disease and social factors etc.

Objective To investigate the difference of the morbidity rate of hypertension among patients with sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) in different stages, and the change in the blood levels of some vasoactive substances and their correlations with severity of SAS, in order to further explore the mechanism of hypertension caused by SAS. Methods 63 patients suspected to suffer from SAS were enrolled, and they were divided into normal, mild, moderate, and severe SAS groups according to respiratory disorder index (RDI) obtained by polysomnography (PSG) monitoring. The diagnosis of hypertension was made by the measurement of blood pressure and 24-hour dynamic measurement of blood pressure. Blood levels of angiotesnin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ), endothelin-1 (ET-1), throboxane B2 (TXB2), calcium gene related protein (CGRP), 6-keto-protagladin factor1?(6-keto-PGF1?) were determined with radioimmunoassay. Results The mobidity rate of hypertension was significantly higher in moderate and severe SAS group than that in the normal group (P0.05). Correlative analysis showed that the blood levels of Ang Ⅱ, ET-1, TXB2 were positively correlative to RDI (r=0.594, 0.523, 0.574, respectively, P0.05). Conclusion SAS is significantly related to the incidence of hypertension. Vasoactive substances with vasoconstrictive effect such as Ang Ⅱ, ET-1, TXB2 play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of hypertension in SAS patients than those with vasodilative effect such as CGRP and 6-keto-PGF1?.

Objective: To investigate the effects and mechanism of microscrew implant anchorage (MIA) in speeding up the closure of extraction space by one step and retraction of anterior teeth. Methods: Twenty-three patients with teeth extraction and required strong posterior anchorage were treated with MIA to close the extraction space. The extraction spaces were closed by two methods respectively. The extraction spaces were closed by the method of one step and retraction of anterior teeth(Ni-Ti spring from MIA to the hook on the wire combined with the elastic pull from MIA to cuspid) on the experiment sides and by the traditional one step method(Ni-Ti spring from MIA to the hook on the wire alone) on the control sides. Which side treated as trial side or control side was selected at random. The period of the space closing, the way and position of anterior teeth movement were observed on each side and the period of the space closing of two sides were tested by paired t test. Results: ①The average period of the spaces closing which was (6.69±1.07) months on the trial side and (9.56±1.19) months on the control side was significantly different (P<0.05).② After the closure of extraction spaces, the cuspid achived better position on the trial side than the contral side on which cuspid presented distal-lingual rotation. Conclusion: The extraction spaces can be closed in all cases by two methods respectively. Using MIA to close the extraction space by one step and retraction of anterior teeth can not only shorten the period of space closing but also achieve nice outcome by moving the cuspid in spongy bone.

[Objective] To explore the effects of rifampicin on cell morphology,intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS),reduced glutathione (GSH),and cell apoptosis in rotenone-induced differentiated pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells.[Methods] Rotenone was added in rat PC12 cells to develop a model of Parkinson's disease in vitro.Cell morphology was observed by microscope.Intracellular GSH was determined by a microplate reader.The intracellular ROS and the apoptosis rate were measured by flow cytometry.[Results] Compared with control group and rifampicin control group,GSH significantly decreased but ROS and apoptosis rate significantly increased in rotenone group.Compared with rotenone group,GSH significantly increased but ROS and apoptosis rate significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner in rifampicin control group (100,200,and 300 μmol/L).[Conclusion] Rifampicin may reduce the damage of rotenone-induced differentiated PC12 cells through inhibiting oxidative injury in a dose-dependent manner.