AIM: To explore the anti-low-grade-inflammation mechanisms of Shenqi Compound Recipe(SQCR) in GK rats. METHODS: Specefic pathogen free(SPF) GK rats were divided randomly according to blood glucose level into four groups:Model,Ramipril,SQCR low dosage,SQCR high dosage group and normal Wistar rats(normal control group).GK rats were injected N-?-nitrol-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME) intra-peritoneally and took high-fat diet and Wistar rats were injected saline intra-peritoneally and took common diet freely,respectively.In the experiment periods,each group was administrated correspondent substance respectively for 32 days.Serum concentrations of C reactive protein(CRP) and adiponectin were determined by ELISA.Adiponectin mRNA expressions in white adiposed tissue were measured by real time reverse transcriptase PCR. RESULTS:Concentrations of CRP all decreased(P

Objective To set up an experiment model on cellular level in order to investigate the effects of aconitine on Connexin43(Cx43)in cardiomyocytes of rat.Methods The cultured cardiomyocytes of rat were incubated with aconitine at 6 different concentrations of 0.25,0.5,0.75,1.0,1.5 and 2.0 ?mol/L.The changes of Cx43 phosphorylation status of each group were investigated by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescent microscopy techniques.Results The total amount of Cx43 had not changed in cardiomyocytes after aconitine incubation by western blot analysis,but it began to induce Cx43 dephosphorylation after incubation of the cultures with 0.5 ?mol/L aconitine and Cx43 underwent significant dephosphorylation when the concentration of aconitine elevated to 1.0 ?mol/L,and the dephosphorylation effects of 1.5 and 2.0 ?mol/L aconitine on Cx43 were similar to that of 1.0 ?mol/L aconitine.Quantitative immunofluorescent microscopy revealed that Ser368,one of the serine amino acid phosphorylation sites in the C-terminal domain of Cx43,underwent significant dephosphorylation when incubation of the cardiomyocytes with 1.0 ?mol/L aconitine.Conclusion Under certain concentration conditions,aconitine can induce significant dephosphorylation of Cx43 in the cardiomyocytes of rat.

Objective The time-dependent changes of COX-1 and COX-2 following the experimental brain contusion were studied for the purpose of extrapolation of the molecular mechanism and timing of brain contusion.Methods Male SD rats were divided into normal control,sham-operated control and contusion groups.The animal model of cerebral contusion was established by impact to the parietal lobe with a free fall weight.The time-dependent changes of COX-1 and COX-2 were detected at 1d,3d,5d,7d,14d post-injury by immunohistochemical SP method.Results In comparison with the control,COX-1 and COX-2 were faintly expressed in the brain of the control groups.Expression of COX-1 was gradually elevated in the cortex of the brain from 1d to 5d after contusion,which was sustained at a high level up to 14d postinjury.Expression of COX-2 was gradually increased in the cortex of the brain from 1d to 3d after injury,which peaked in the hippocampus at 1d after contusion.Conclusion It is suggested that brain contusion may induce the expressions of the COX-1 and COX-2,and the time-dependent changes of COX-1 and COX-2 may be applicable to the wound age estimation of cerebral contusion in forensic practice.

Objective To evaluate the value of early preventive tracheal intubation in the early first‐aid of serious severe trau‐ma and improve the early first‐aid ability of serious severe trauma .Methods Using retrospective study ,among 258 patients of acute airway obstruction caused by severe trauma ,those who have reached the standard of obstruction and respiratory failure according to observation were as the contrast group (n=84) ,and those who had the tendency of airway obstruction instant treatment of preven‐tive trachea intubation were as early preventive tracheal intubation group (n=174) .The average in hospital days ,the occurrence rate of multiple organ failure and death rate were contrasted .Results In the early preventive tracheal intubation group ,in hospital days were 17 .2 on average ,the occurrence rate of multiple organ failure was 44 .59% and the death rate was 10 .67% .In the con‐trast group ,it was 27 .9 d ,67 .51% and 33 .75% ,the two groups had shown significant difference(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Early tra‐chea intubation have a good trachea management of serious severe traumas ,improve inspiration ,shorten the hospitalization days ,and reduce the occurrence rate of complication .It is important to improving rescuing rate .

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of preventing tendon adhesion by using bFGF/ vitamin C composite biodegradable membrane.MethodsSixty Newzerland rabbits were divided into experimental and control groups randomly.After the animal model was established, the tendon autografts were encapsulated with the bFGF/vitamin C composite biodegradable membrane in experimental group, while no tendon autografts encapsulation in control.Three weeks after surgery, regular HE staining and AgNO3 staining were performed to observe the fibroblast nuclei and vitamin C.The quantity of collagen fibrils was measured by Luzex-F Image Analyzer.Eight weeks after surgery, the peritendinous adhesion and the maximum tensile load were analyzed.Results At 3 weeks after surgery, the numbers of vitamin C granules, fibroblast nuclei and collagen fibrils in the experimental group were significantly more than those in the control group(t = 11.78 ,P ＜0.001) .At 8 weeks after surgery, the peritendinous adhesion in the experimental group was significantly slighter than that in the control group(Z =3.922,P ＜0.005) ,and the maximum tensile load in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (t = 8.39, P ＜ 0.001) .ConclusionbFGF/vitamin C composite biodegradable membrane can stimulate the proliferation of fibroblasts and synthesis of collagen fibrils,improve the biomechanical property of tendon autografts and prevent the tendon adhesion.

Aconltium plants are a group of important poisonous plants in the Ranunculaeeae family of Angiosperm subphylum.and one of the earliest recorded poisonous plants in China as well.In their tubers(root)have hypertoxic Aconitium alkaloids,which belong to the group of diesterditerpene alkaloids.It is repeatedly reported in China that aconitine poisoning,and even death from aconitine poisoning,caused by the individual differences in pharmaceutical tolerance of aconitine,taking the wrong medicine or inadequate dosage,or put in the poison by homicide.At present,the research on aconitine is mainly limited to clinical treatment,but lack of research on toxicity mechanism of aeonitine.This paper reviews some progress relating to the toxicological mechanisms of this kind of alkaloid.

Objective To observe the effect of treatment of the diabetide foot with the fresh skin of the bufo bufo gargarizans cantor. Methods 42 diabetic foot patients were randomized into the control group and the treatment group with 21 patients in each. In the control group the patients were treated with disinfection routinely and dressing changing. In the treatment group the patients were treated with the fresh skin of the bufo bufo gargarizans cantor covering the infected feet after routine disinfection treatment. The treatment effect, the healing time and the length of antibiotics treatment course were compared between the two groups. Results The treatment effect of the treatment group was 100.00%, significantly higher than 80.95% of the control group. The healing time of the treatment group was (9.05 ±4.09) days, shorter than (17.41±4.20)days of the control group. The length of the antibiotics treatment course of the treatment group was(9.33±4.73)days, shorter than (17.10±4.83) days of the control group. Conclusions The fresh skin of the bufo bufo gargarizans cantor can improve the recovery rate, shorten the healing time and the length of the antibiotics treatment course by covering the infected feet.

Objective To probe into the strategies for improving the accessibility to orphan drugs for patients of rare diseases in China. Methods Analysis of typical cases of orphan drug use in recent years in China, interviews of hospital administrators and clinical doctors, and analysis of the present health insurance policies in China for orphan drugs, definition of the concept of drug accessibility, clarification of the factors hindering orphan drug accessibility. Results Four factors are found to hinder orphan drug accessibility in such aspects of science and technology, supply, information transfer and medical assurance in China's medicine and healthcare system. These subjective and objective factors affect drug accessibility of the patients of rare diseases, denying them of drug accessibility, of drug use in time, and of affordability of such drugs. Conclusion To raise the orphan drug accessibility in China, it is necessary to define basic concepts and incentive mechanism of rare diseases and orphan drug, design and raise the response mechanism of the medicine and health system in orphan drug supply, build a three dimensional cooperation model between such parties as the government, enterprise and patient, and reduce patients' economic burdern.

Objective To evaluate the effects ofYiqi Yangyin Huoxue Formula on clinical endpoints of diabetic nephropathy patients.Methods Totally 95 patients who were involved into the six-month DN clinical RCT for observation in 2008 were retrospectively collected and screened. There are 47 cases in the trial group, who were chronically treated by integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy which mainly adoptingYiqi Yangyin Huoxue Formula. There were 48 cases in the control group, who were chronically treated with Western medicine. Follow-up visits were conducted in 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014 respectively. Long-term incidence rate of renal function progress/deaths were compared in the two groups.Results Five cases died in the trial group, among which one case died of renal failure. Eight cases died in the control group, among which five died of renal failure and multiple organ failure. The incidence of endpoints entering end-stage renal disease and renal function progress was much lower than that of control group. Conclusion Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy dominated byYiqi Yangyin Huoxue Formula has good clinical efficacy of kidney protection, and can slow the progress of DN patients entering end-stage renal disease, and better than single Western medicine intervention.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the influence of the implementation of essential drug policy ( EDP) on prescrip-tion use rate of antibiotics in primary hospitals. Methods:Based on CNKI, Wanfang and VIP of China journal databases, all litera-tures were adopted including the data of the prescription use rate of antibiotics in primary hospitals. RevMan5. 3 and Stata 12. 0 soft-ware were used to conduct the Meta analysis. Results:Totally 43 literatures were included in the study according to the evaluation se-lection criteria. After the implementation of EDP, the prescription use rate of antibiotics in primary hospitals was decreased, and com-pared with that before the implementation of EDP, the risk difference value was significant [RD= -0. 03,95%CI( -0. 04,-0. 03), P<0. 000 01], while the use rate was still high (46. 16%). The result of Egger’s test indicated the publication bias of the 43 litera-tures was not significant (P=0. 571). However, there was high heterogeneity(I2 =94%,P<0. 000 01)among the different studies. Based on the classification of hospital type and different areas, the results of sub-group analysis showed the differences of study methods in the literatures and regional implementation measures of EDP contributed to the high heterogeneity among the different studies. Con-clusion:In order to reduce the heterogeneity of studies, a unified evaluation criteria for the research quality of the cross-section survey should be established. And special policies related to EDP should be taken to effectively decrease the use rate of antibiotics in primary hospitals.